深低温对吸入麻醉药的MAC,心脏麻醉指数和心肌稳定性的影响

目的:研究深低温对吸入麻醉药MAC、心脏麻醉指数和心肌稳定性的影响。方法:新西兰白兔40只,随机分为氟烷、安氟醚、异氟醚和七氟醚组。采用夹尾试验法测定常温下(38℃±0.5℃)的最低肺泡有效浓度(MAC)。行体表降温后测定深低温下(23℃±0.5 ℃)的MAC。维持深低温增加吸入性麻醉药的浓度,同时用50Hz、25V电压胸外电击心脏。记录出现室颤或室性心律失常时的肺泡呼气末吸入麻醉药浓度。结果:从38℃到23℃兔体温每降低1℃,MAC下降值为:氟烷5.1％、安氟醚3.6％、异氟醚4.4％、七氟醚4.3％;氟烷、安氟醚、异氟醚和七氟醚心脏麻醉指数分别为4.4、3.18、6.25和4.6,异氟醚明显高于其它麻醉药;麻醉药浓度8MAC以内安氟醚和氟烷发生室颤的机率(100％)明显高于七氟醚和异氟醚(40％)。结论:异氟醚是深低温麻醉的最佳选择用药,而安氟醚则不宜用于低温麻醉。     

室内装修后空气中甲醛浓度的变化趋势

目的 :研究室内装修后空气中甲醛浓度的变化趋势。方法 :选择装修后不同时间段的居民住宅 5 4家和公共场所经营单位 5 2家进行室内空气中甲醛浓度的测定。结果 :甲醛浓度在居民住宅装修 1年之内的超标率为 79.9%～ 85 .4 % ,1年～ 2年之间的超标率为 5 0 .0 % ,2年之后为18.3% ,3个时间段甲醛浓度超标率有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 5 )。公共场所装修半年之内甲醛含量的超标率为 6 5 .5 %～ 81.3% ,半年～ 1年为 36 .84 % ,1年之后 <15 .4 % ,3个时间段甲醛浓度超标率有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :室内装修后甲醛浓度随着装修时间的延长而逐渐降低 ,居民住宅大约需要 2年、公共场所大约需要 1年才能达到国家卫生标准。     

高效液相色谱法测定头孢他啶血药浓度

目的建立测定头孢他啶血药浓度的方法。方法高效液相色谱法采用Kromasil C18色谱柱（250mm×4．6mm，5μm），以甲醇-磷酸二氢钾溶液（15：85）为流动相，流速1．0ml／min，检测波长254nm。结果头孢他啶吼浆浓度在0．5～200．0mg·L^-1范围内线性笑系良好（r=0．9999）。低、中、高3个浓度的方法回收率为94．91％～105．95％，RSD〈12％；提取回收率为89．50％～92．94％，RSD〈5％。结论本方法简便、准确、精密度好，可用于临床药动学研究。     

hCG/ATP-induced Leydig cell calcium channel reaction at different extracellular calcium ion concentration

Objective: To study the calcium channel reaction of human Leydig cells induced by hCG/ATP at different extracellular calcium ion concentrations. Methods: The Leydig cell calcium ion concentration was examined with laser confocal microscope, when the cells were stimulated with hCG/ATP at different extracellular calcium contrations. Results: With calcium-containing extracellular fluid, the Leydig cells were sensitive to hCG stimulation and when the extracellular fluid was calcium-free, the Leydig cells did not respond to the stimulation. However, the Leydig cells did respond to ATP stimulation no matter the extracellular fluid contained calcium or not. Conclusion: In human Leydig cells, there are calcium channels sensitive to hCG and ATP. The extracellular calcium ion concentration plays an important role in the regulation of Leydig cell metabolism by hCG/ATP.     

A theophylline dosage regimen which reduces round-the-clock variations in plasma concentrations resulting from diurnal pharmacokinetic variation

Summary Slower drug absorption at night can leave residual drug from an evening dose of a sustained-release product remaining to be absorbed at the time of the next morning's dose, thereby giving higher plasma concentrations of the drug during the day than the night.When a capsule product releasing theophylline over 12 h after a morning dose was given repetitively at 8 a.m. and 8 p.m. for 4 days, daytime plasma concentrations from 4 h to 8 h after the dose were about 40% greater than corresponding night-time concentrations, and the mean steady-state concentration during the night-time interval was only 81% of that during the daytime interval.Altering the regimen to one capsule at 12 noon and one at 10 p.m. eliminated all significant differences between a.m. and corresponding p.m. plasma concentrations of theophylline and between the mean steady-state concentrations for each of the interdose intervals within a day.     

儿童地高辛血药浓度的回顾性分析

目的 :探讨血药浓度监测对个体化、合理化用药的重要作用。方法 :荧光偏振免疫法 (FPIA)和通过近十年住院病人地高辛用药的回顾性分析。结果 :地高辛血药浓度监测结果分三个范围 :低值小于 0 .8μg/ L,中值 0 .8～ 2 .2 μg/ L,高值大于 2 .2μg/ L。对实验数据进行统计 ,得出有效浓度范围内的病人占 4 0 %左右 ,低值平均约 >5 0 % ,高值平均为 6 .1%。结论 :通过对地高辛用药的监测回顾 ,说明地高辛的药物代谢过程受许多因素如吸收、分布、代谢、排泄、药物间的相互作用等的影响。所以临床在用药过程中 ,药物浓度的监测对实施个体化、合理化用药 ,减少药物中毒的发生起着重要作用     

茶碱及其缓释剂在可逆性气道痉挛中疗效观察及血药浓度监测对照研究

目的 无水茶碱修筛缓释片——优喘平(portheo)治疗可逆性支气管阻塞患者(FEV_1<预计值80％)30例。观察其疗效及安全性,同时监测其STLD(血清浓度),并与氨茶碱片口服后STLD进行比较。结果显示;优喘平治疗哮喘及慢性阻塞性肺病疗效达90.6％,三例有轻微副作用。优喘平服用后4小时STLD即达有效浓度,8小时后STLD多维持在有效水平,峰值多<20ug/ml。氨茶碱0.1/次,3次/日,连服4天后STLD谷值多<5ug/ml,0.2/次,3次/日,连服4天后STLD谷值均>5ug/ml,峰值均>20ug/ml,且多有较重毒付作用。优喘平0.4/次,1次/日与氨茶碱0.1/次,3次/日比较,疗效好,而比氨茶碱0.2/次,3次/日,毒付反应少。优喘平与氨茶碱有显著差异。(P<0.01)。     

Threshold for occluded formaldehyde patch test in formaldehyde-sensitive patients

Our purpose was to investigate the eliciting threshold concentration of formaldehyde in formaldehyde-sensitive individuals in the occluded and non-occluded patch teat and to evaluate the relationship in repeated open application test (ROAT) with a product containing a formaldehyde releaser. 20 formaldehyde-sensitive patients and a control group of 20 healthy volunteer were included in the study. Occluded and non-occluded patch tests with formaldehyde solutions form 25 to 10,000 ppm. and ROAT for I week with a leave-on cosmetic product containing on average 300 ppm formaldehyde. Were carried out simultaneously on each subject. In the occluded patch test. 1/2 of the 20 patients only reacted to 10,000 ppm formaldehyde. 9 reacted to 5,000 ppm. 3 reacted to 1.000 ppm. 2 reacted to 500 ppm and I reacted to 25 ppm. No definite positive reactions were observed in the non-occluded patch test or in the ROAT No positive reactions were observed in the control group to any of the test procedures. We concluded that the threshold concentration for occluded patch test to formaldehyde in formaldehyde-sensitive patients was 250 ppm. The threshold in occluded patch test corresponded to the degree of sensitivity Definite positive reactions in the ROAT were not seen, either indicating that they are unlikely to happen with the type of product used or that the exposure time was too short.     

高效液相色谱-质谱-质谱联用法测定Beagle狗血浆中石杉碱甲

目的:建立狗血浆中石杉碱甲的液质联用测定法.方法:血浆样品经液液萃取,用高效液相色谱-质谱-质谱联用法检测.色谱柱为Nucleocil ODS柱,50×2.0 mm I.D.,5 μm,流动相为乙腈-甲醇-水-甲酸(20∶40∶40∶0.1,v/v).采用多反应监测,用于定量的离子为m/z 243→210(石杉碱甲)和m/z 257→226(内标N-甲基石杉碱甲).结果:线性范围为0.1～12 ng/ml,最低定量浓度为0.1 ng/ml,可以检测到Beagle狗静注和口服100 μg石杉碱甲后12 h的血药浓度.结论:该方法灵敏度高,简便快速,可用于药代动力学研究.