浙江医科大学附二院门诊处方中精神药物使用调查

本文对浙江医科大学附属二院１９９３年７月间３１３７８张合格处方进行统计分析，并用限定日剂量（ＤＤＤ）和药物使用指数（ＤＵＩ）为指标，分析镇静催眠药物使用情况。结果表明苯二氮　类药方２０６７张，占总处方量的６．５９％，巴比妥类药方４９张，占０．１６％，麻醉药方１１１张；占０．３５％。苯二氮　类药方中．女性处方量１２０２张，男性处方量８６５张，男、女组间比较有显著性差异。苯二氮　类药方多分布在神经内科，常用的药有舒乐安定和阿普唑仑。九种常用的苯二氮　类药和麻醉性镇痛药的ＤＵＩ均小于１。提示药物滥用现象少见，该院对这类药物的管理比较严格。麻醉性镇痛药中二氢埃托啡处方占６７．５７％。     

Prevalence of vibration-induced white finger and assessment of vibration exposure among travertine workers in Italy

Summary Among 76 stonedrillers and stonecutters/chippers working in the Rapolano travertine quarries (Tuscany, Italy), 27 subjects (35.5%) were affected with vibration-induced white finger (VWF). The median latent period for VWF was ten years (range 0.1–26 years). A VWF prevalence of 8% was found among 60 comparable controls (P < 0.0001). Vibration measurements showed that the frequency-weighted accelerations for two rock-drills and two small chipping hammers ranged from 19.7 to 36.4 m/s². Weighted accelerations between 2.4 and 4.1 m/s². were measured on the handles of a vertical grinder and a hand cutter. Vibration data, daily exposure time and total duration of exposure period were used to calculate two indicators of vibration dose such as the four-hour, energy-equivalent, frequency-weighted acceleration (m/s²) and the vibration exposure level (dB). A significant association between the vibration exposure level and the severity of VWF stages was observed among the travertine operators. The dose-effect relationship proposed by ISO 5349 was not suitable for the data of the present study because it overestimates the risk due to hand-transmitted vibration in the travertine workers. Finally, the results of a cold test indicated that the rewarming time of fingertips to room temperature was more prolonged in the operators with VAT than in those without VWF and in the controls.     

F wave studies after intrathecal methotrexate administration

Electrophysiological examinations were done on 20 patients aged 40–71 years with recently diagnosed high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. General chemotherapy and intrathecal chemotherapy in order to prevent central nervous system (CNS) involvement were begun. On the first day of chemotherapeutic cycle patients received intrathecally methotrexate (ITMTX) and prednisolone. Electrophysiological study was carried out twice in each subject: before ITMTX injection and a day after injection. The study procedure included: a conventional nerve conduction examination (peripheral conduction velocity and compound muscle action potential amplitude), the F wave latency and amplitude measurement and F ratio (F-M-1/2M) calculation for peroneal and tibial nerve bilaterally. Results of the first and the second examinations were statistically compared by t-Student's test. No significant differences between values of estimated parameters were found. The study revealed no recent alterations in proximal, paraspinal motor conduction and motor neuron excitability due to antidromical activation after single ITMTX administration.     

高频程控增益前置放大器的设计及其在医学仪器中的应用

目的：设计一种高频程控增益前置放大器，以满足“便携式数字型医用超声声功率计”研究的需要。方法：根据医用超声源频率范围宽、输出功率相差悬殊的特点，权衡便携、低功耗与低失真度、价格等因素，针对不同应用条件，制作出分别由集成电路和分立元件构成的两种结构不同的高频程控增益前置放大器，经调试、优化后，应用到医用超声声功率计中。结果：两种电路分别应用于“便携式数字型医用超声声功率计”，经试用，效果良好。结论：实践证明，由集成电路组成的放大器具有体积小、功耗低、电路结构简单、易与微处理器接口等优点，但它对器件依赖性强，信号保真度差，价格昂贵；而分立元件组成的放大器虽然体积、功耗、与微处理器接口等方面逊于前者，但它元器件易得，信号保真度好，价格低廉。在体积、功耗等条件许可的情况下，该放大器不失为上乘选择。     

高频宽增益小信号放大器的设计及在医用超声功率计中的应用

介绍供医用超声功率计用的两种高频、宽增益的小信号放大器，并比较了它们彼此的优缺点。     

The effectiveness of intermittent isotretinoin treatment in mild or moderate acne

BACKGROUND: Isotretinoin is the only drug that affects almost all factors in acne pathogenesis. Recently, its use for the treatment of chronic mild or moderate acne unresponsive to long-term antibiotic therapy, and with a tendency to cause scarring and leading to negative psychological effects, has became popular. The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of intermittent isotretinoin treatment in mild or moderate acne. METHODS: Sixty patients with mild or moderate acne localized to the face were enrolled in the study. The treatment regimen consisted of isotretinoin, 0.5-0.75 mg/kg per day, applied for 1 week every 4 weeks for a total period of 6 months, according to the degree of acne and number of inflammatory lesions. RESULTS: Forty-one (68.3%) of the 60 patients completed the 6-month therapy. At the end of the treatment complete improvement was observed in 34 patients (82.9%) out of 41. All adverse effects were mild and discontinuation of the treatment was not necessary. CONCLUSION: Intermittent isotretinoin treatment was found to be a safe and effective choice for patients with mild or moderate acne.     

Pharmacokinetics of Controlled Release and Immediate Release Morphine Sulphate Tablets after a Single Dose and Multiple Doses in Chinese Volunteers

健康志愿者１０名，随机交叉口服硫酸吗啡控释片（ＣＲＭＳ）３０ｍｇ（３０ｍｇ×１）和硫酸吗啡普通片（ＩＲＭＳ）２０ｍｇ（１０ｍｇ×２），分别于服药前后各时点取静脉血，用ＧＣＭＳ测定血浆中吗啡含量。以药代软件程序处理，分别求得ＣＲＭＳ和ＩＲＭＳ的Ｃｍａｘ为１９．３８±３．８０和２１．２７±６．２１ｎｇ／ｍｌ；ｔｍａｘ为２．３６±０．３７ｈ和０．５５±０．１６ｈ；ｔ１／２β为３．５３±０．８７ｈ和３．０３±０．７４ｈ，曲线下面积ＡＵＣ为１４５．１５±１７．６５和９３．０８±１６．６５ｎｇ·ｈ／ｍｌ。癌症病人多次口服硫酸吗啡至稳态，ＣＲＭＳ和ＩＲＭＳ的峰浓度分别为２７．４３±０．３３ｎｇ／ｍｌ，２２．６８±０．１６ｎｇ／ｍｌ；谷浓度分别为１９．４５±１．４４ｎｇ／ｍｌ；１８．１４±０．４９ｎｇ／ｍｌ。     

RNase等10种标准蛋白质在高效疏水作用色谱上的复性

目的: 研究变性蛋白质在高效疏水作用色谱(HPHIC)上的保留行为及复性效率. 方法: 分别用盐酸胍(GuHCl)、尿素(Urea)和十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)将核糖核酸酶(Rnase)等10种标准蛋白质变性,然后在流动相为硫酸铵的条件下,用HPHIC对变性蛋白质进行复性,并测定其保留时间、Z值、质量及活性回收率. 结果: 在10种变性蛋白质中有5种在HPHIC上得到复性,其保留时间、峰形、Z值与天然蛋白基本一致,其中溶菌酶和核糖核酸酶的质量和活性回收率高,复性效果好. 结论: 用HPHIC对变性的标准蛋白质进行复性,得到较好的复性效果.     

低剂量甲基汞在小鼠体内分布及其对细胞周期进程的影响

连续９０天饮用含甲基汞浓度为１／１０００ＬＤ５０、１／１００ＬＤ５０、１／５０ＬＤ５０和１／１０ＬＤ５０的自来水的雄性昆明小鼠，各脏器中总汞含量均高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．００５），并且随着染毒剂量增加，脏器中总汞含量也随之增高。同时采用ＦＡＣＳｃａｎ流式细胞仪和“ＣｅｌｌＦＩＴ”软件分析脾细胞周期进程，发现除１／１０００ＬＤ５０剂量组外，其余各剂量组从Ｇｏ／Ｇ１时相进入Ｓ时相的脾细胞百分数均明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），与染毒剂量呈明显正相关。表明连续经口摄入低剂量甲基汞小鼠脾细胞周期进程加快，细胞ＤＮＡ复制增强。     

各型成人高原心脏病的临床特点

本文报告了303例各型成人高原心脏病的临床分析结果。成人高原心脏病单纯型比混合型具有发病急、心脏传导系统损害重、病变累及全心及治疗反应较好的特点。混合型系继发于高原红细胞增多症与高原高血压的慢性心脏损害。其消化系统与神经系统损害重。心高型以左心损害为主,左室扩大、左室肥厚、主动脉增宽弯曲及心律失常率分别高于心红型(P<0.05～0.01);心红型以右心损害为主,右室扩大、右室肥厚、肺动脉段与圆锥隆突率分别高于心高型(P<0.05～0.01);心红高型全心损害常见而且严重。根据各型成人高原心脏病的病理机制而采用不同治疗方法对提高该病的治愈率有重要意义。