自体颅骨修补术后影响骨瓣吸收的危险因素分析

目的探讨影响自体颅骨修补术后骨吸收的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2001年1月至2012年12月期间经临沂市人民医院神经外科行自体颅骨修补的患者178例,含201块自体骨瓣,根据术后CT特点对骨吸收进行分级,探讨各危险因素与骨吸收分级之间的关系。结果骨吸收分级在性别、修补时间和骨瓣面积间的差异无意义(P0.05),患者平均年龄随骨吸收分级上升呈下降趋势,但骨吸收各分级间的平均年龄之间差异无意义(P0.05)。骨吸收分级与缺损位置有关(P0.05),重度骨吸收多发生于额颞部和颞部。伴有骨折的骨瓣重度骨吸收发生率高于骨瓣完整者(P0.05)。伴发脑积水并行脑室-腹腔分流术的患者与未行脑室-腹腔分流术的患者相比,前者术后骨瓣塌陷的发生率高于后者(P0.05)。结论自体颅骨修补术后骨吸收分级与患者性别、年龄、修补时间和骨瓣面积无关。骨吸收分级与缺损位置有关,重度骨吸收多发生于额颞部和颞部。伴有骨折的骨瓣重度骨吸收发生率高于骨瓣完整者。伴发脑积水并行脑室-腹腔分流术后容易发生骨瓣塌陷。     

阴道前壁黏膜瓣悬吊术和传统阴道前壁修补治疗前盆腔器官脱垂的效果比较

目的比较阴道前壁黏膜瓣悬吊术和传统阴道前壁修补治疗前盆腔器官脱垂的效果。方法选取我院收治的40例前盆腔器官脱垂患者,随机分为研究组和对照组各20例。研究组实施阴道前壁黏膜瓣悬吊术,对照组实施传统阴道前壁修补术,比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、并发症发生率、住院时间、医疗费用、术后6个月的客观治愈率以及PFIQ-7、 PFDI-20评分。结果两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组的并发症发生率、医疗费用以及术后6个月的PFIQ-7、 PFDI-20评分均低于对照组(P <0.05)。研究组术后6个月的客观治愈率高于对照组(P <0.05)。结论阴道前壁黏膜瓣悬吊术治疗前盆腔器官脱垂,疗效确切,并发症少,安全经济,具有临床推广价值。     

Meta-analysis of flap perfusion and donor site complications for breast reconstruction using pedicled versus free TRAM and DIEP flaps

ObjectivesThe transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap is an important option for breast reconstruction. Several studies have recently evaluated whether a greater number of complications result from the use of pedicled TRAM (pTRAM) flaps versus either free TRAM (fTRAM) flaps or deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flaps. To clarify the evidence regarding this issue, we performed an objective meta-analysis of published studies.Materials and methodsA literature search of articles published between January 1, 1990, to January 1, 2017 was performed using the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane databases. Heterogeneity was statistically analyzed, and fixed effects and random effects models were used as appropriate.ResultsEleven articles comparing pedicled TRAM (pTRAM) flaps with either free TRAM (fTRAM) or DIEP flaps were included. The articles evaluated a total of 3968 flaps, including 1891 pTRAM flaps, 866 fTRAM flaps, and 1211 DIEP flaps. Patients with fTRAM flaps had a significantly lower risk of fat necrosis and partial flap necrosis than those with pTRAM flaps. No difference was observed in total flap necrosis and hernia or bulge between fTRAM and pTRAM flaps. No difference was noted in flap complications between DIEP and pTRAM flaps except for hernia or bulge..ConclusionAlthough pTRAM flaps are being replaced by fTRAM and DIEP flaps, which exhibit fewer complications related to flap ischemia and donor site morbidity, it was unclear from the literature which flap type was most beneficial regarding flap vascularity and donor site morbidity. Hence, surgeons should choose the appropriate option based on their preferences and on patient factors..     

乳腺癌根治术后皮瓣坏死的原因及护理

笔者报道乳腺癌根治植皮术后发生皮瓣坏死的原因及护理．认为与病人的身体状况及病情程度有关，最直接的原因是皮瓣张力过高．包扎压力过大及术后引流不畅。因此，术后保持正确的姿势，减小皮瓣的张力：注意包扎压力适当．密切观察皮肤及引流情况；及时、恰当、正确地处理皮瓣出现的不良情况，是保证手术成功的关键。     

带蒂胸大肌肌皮瓣修复晚期舌癌根治术后缺损——附7例报告

目的:探讨带蒂胸大肌肌皮瓣修复晚期舌癌根治术后软组织大面积缺损的临床效果.方法:对7例晚期舌癌患者行全舌切除的舌癌联合根治术,在此同时制备以胸肩峰动静脉为血管蒂的胸大肌肌皮瓣,行全舌及口底的大面积软组织缺损修复术.结果:7例患者术后均恢复良好,皮瓣全部成活.术后半年内癌肿局部复发死亡2例,其余5例随访至撰稿日未见复发,语言功能和吞咽功能恢复良好,无1例发生误吸.5例患者均对术后舌修复的外观及功能满意.结论:带蒂胸大肌肌皮瓣同期修复晚期舌癌术后的全舌及口底软组织缺损安全、可靠,再造舌的形态及功能均可达到满意效果.