母婴ABO血型不合与新生儿溶血病的关系

目的　探讨O型孕妇血清IgG抗体效价与新生儿溶血病的关系。 方法　对丈夫血型为A型 ,B型或AB型的 75 4例O型孕妇进行血清IgG抗A(B)抗体水平检测 ,同时对IgG抗A(B)≥ 6 4的孕妇所生的新生儿做HDN免疫血清学检查。 结果　 75 4例O型孕妇中产前IgG抗A(B)≥ 6 4的有 2 87例 ,其所生新生儿发生新生儿溶血病的例数为 31例。结论　新生儿溶血病发病率与孕妇血清IgG抗A(B)效价的高低成正相关。     

Pyridinium crosslinks of collagen as a marker of bone resorption rates in children and adolescents: Normal values and clinical application

The aim of our study was to establish normal values of urinary pyridinoline (Pyr) and deoxypyridinoline (DPyr) excretion for children aged 3–18 years, examine the biological variability of the marker, and assess its clinical value for pediatric patients with growth hormone deficiency. Pyr and DPyr was measured in first void urine samples from 692 healthy subjects (340 boys, 352 girls) by high-performance liquid chromatography. At sampling, age, body height, and weight was recorded for all individuals. Short-term variability in crosslinks excretion was examined in four healthy children. The clinical value of the marker was studied in seven patients with growth hormone (GH) deficiency. In childhood, crosslinks excretion exceeded normal adult values by about fivefold and declined during puberty. In the age range of 13–18 years, gender-related differences in Pyr and DPyr levels were observed, presumably resulting from the earlier onset of puberty in girls. Urinary levels of Pyr and DPyr were highly correlated both in males and females. Pyr/DPyr ratio was significantly higher in adolescents than children, suggesting enhanced release of Pyr from extraosseous sources. In both genders, neither age nor anthropometric variables showed a linear effect on crosslinks excretion. The range of within-subject, short-term variability in urinary Pyr and DPyr was relatively high (CV: 6%–21%), indicating that single measurements of crosslinks excretion may not adequately reflect bone resorption rates in children. Pyr and DPyr levels were significantly lower in GH-deficient patients and normalized during human growth hormone (hGH) therapy. Significant correlations between growth velocity (GV) and crosslinks levels were found, but individual prediction of GV increment during hGH treatment may be inaccurate. Pyr/DPyr ratio was not related to GV. It is concluded that measurement of urinary Pyr and DPyr excretion in children may be a valuable tool to assess bone resorption rates in population-based studies. In individual patients, however, only qualitative evaluation of disease severity and response to treatment seems justified.     

Use of 2,4-dinitrophenol for immunosuppressive action on the recipient during implantation of fetal organs in mice

Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University, Moscow. (Presented by Academician T. T. Berezov, Academy of medical Sciences.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 113, No. 4, pp. 355–358, April, 1992.     

酒精胎骨混悬液注射移植促进骨愈合实验研究

用酒精兔胎骨混悬液为植骨材料，以兔双侧桡骨中段３ｍｍ宽骨缺损横断骨折及肱三头肌为动物模型，通过注射将骨植入实验侧骨折端及肌肉内，对侧注入等量生理盐水作自身对照。术后进行免疫学、放射学、组织学及生物力学检查，结果表明：植骨不引起明显免疫排斥反应；植骨侧新骨形成多，骨折愈合快，抗弯应力强度大；肌内诱导成骨明显。酒精胎骨混悬液注射移植是一种简而有效的植骨材料和方法。     

Distribution of α-integrin subunits in fetal polycystic kidney diseases

An alteration in cell/matrix interactions is one of the suggested mechanisms leading to cyst formation in polycystic kidney diseases. Most of these interactions are mediated by β1-integrins, a subfamily of integrin receptors, formed by the association of the β1-chain with different α-subunits. To date, no study on α-integrin subunit distribution during the early stages of cyst development has been reported. Using immunofluorescence, we analyzed the distribution of α-integrin subunits (α1, α2, α3, α5, and α6) and basement membrane proteins in kidneys of fetuses with autosomal dominant (ADPKD) or autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). The distribution was compared with that observed in normal fetal and post-natal kidneys, and in fetal cystic dysplasia and Meckel syndrome. Marked increase in α1-integrin staining was observed in normal and cystic collecting duct cells of both polycystic diseases (PKD), compared with normal and cystic controls. The distribution of integrin subunits α2, α3, and α6 was irregular in cyst epithelial cells of PKD and cystic controls. The increased expression of the α1-subunit specifically observed in PKD collecting duct cells may be an early consequence of the genetic defect in ARPKD. In ADPKD it parallels the reported expression of polycystin, the protein product of PKD1. The irregular expression of α2, α3, and α6 integrin subunits observed in all types of cysts suggests that cell/matrix interactions are altered early and may participate in the development of cysts, perhaps by contributing to the deregulation of cell survival in cystic diseases. Received May 28, 1996; received in revised form October 2, 1996; accepted October 25, 1996     

Pathogenesis of fetal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

The development of fetuses and their hearts (24th–37th week of pregnancy) in mothers with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus of various severity was studied by M-echocardiography, dopplerometry, and fetometry. A relationship is demonstrated between the early formation of macrosomia and cardiomyopathy, on the one hand, and the severity of diabetes, on the other. Along with metabolic disorders, hemodynamic disturbances in the mother-placenta-fetus system, which depend on the disease severity, play a role in the pathogenesis of fetal cardiomyopathy. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, No. 6, pp. 698–701, June, 1996     

Multiple internal resorptions in deciduous teeth: a case report

We report a case of rare multiple internal resorptions. Etiology of multiple internal resorptions is unknown. Interestingly, the patient had an atopic dermatitis, which is possibly related to multiple and rapid internal resorptions.     

Rapid decrease of urinary pyridinoline excretion in growth hormone deficient children following discontinuation of growth hormone therapy

In order to examine the effect of growth hormone on urinary pyridinoline excretion, 32 patients with complete or partial growth hormone deficiency had their urinary pyridinoline excretion measured while receiving growth hormone and for 14 days after it was discontinued. There was a significant positive correlation between increases in growth velocities during the first year of growth hormone administration compared to before it, and the ratio of the urinary pyridinoline excretion levels while receiving growth hormone to those after discontinuation. Therefore, urinary pyridinoline excretion rapidly decreased in patients with growth hormone deficiency when the administration of growth hormone was stopped. Exogenous growth hormone appears to stimulate bone resorption in these patients.     

Human placental growth hormone

Placental growth hormone is the product of the GH-V gene specifically expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast layer of the human placenta. Placental growth hormone differs from pituitary growth hormone by 13 amino acids. It has high somatogenic and low lactogenic activities. Assays by specific monoclonal antibodies reveal that in the maternal circulation from 15 to 20 weeks up to term placental growth hormone gradually replaces pituitary growth hormone, which becomes undetectable. It is secreted by the placenta in a nonpulsatile manner. This continuous secretion appears to have important implications for physiologic adjustment to gestation and especially in the control of maternal insulin-like growth factor-I levels. Placental growth hormone secretion is inhibited by glucose in vitro and in vivo and is significantly decreased in the maternal circulation in pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction. Placental growth hormone does not appear to have a direct effect on fetal growth because this hormone is not detectable in the fetal circulation. However, the physiologic role might also include a direct influence on placental development through an autocrine or paracrine mechanism, as suggested by the presence of specific growth hormone receptors in this tissue.(Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;177:1526-34.)     

异体胸腺的解剖、组织学及吻合血管移植治疗晚期恶性骨肿瘤的研究

本文对20例20～36周引产死胎胸腺进行了解剖学,组织学观察,并应用吻合血管胎儿胸腺移植治疗晚期恶性原发及继发骨肿瘤12例。结果表明,胎儿胸腺的血供主要来自胸廓内动脉,其次为甲状腺下动脉和心包膈动脉胸腺支,7～8个月胎儿胸腺静脉血管壁较厚,适合作血管吻合,胸腺细胞发育成熟,组织结构正常,已有分泌胸腺素及转化免疫细胞的功能,在解剖学,组织学,免疫学方面均具备了良好的移植条件。12例接受吻合血管胎儿胸腺移植的晚期恶性骨肿瘤患者,其临床症状、体征、X线、免疫指数均有明显改善,患者生存6个月至37个月以上。