高频振荡通气及联合硫酸镁治疗新生猪重症胎粪吸入综合征的实验研究

目的　探讨高频振荡通气 (HFOV)及联合硫酸镁 (Mg SO4 )治疗合并持续肺动脉高压(PPH)的重症胎粪吸入综合征 (MAS)模型氧合、循环功能 ,血镁浓度及肺组织病理改变。　方法　以2 0 %胎粪混悬液制备重症 MAS模型 ,健康新生猪随机分为 3组 ,即模型 HFOV治疗组 (HFOV组 ,n= 6 ) ,HFOV+Mg SO4 治疗组 (HFOV+Mg SO4 组 ,n=7) ,HFOV对照组 (对照组 ,n=5 ) ,HFOV+Mg SO4 组同时静脉持续泵入 Mg SO4 。监测生命体征、血气、血镁浓度。　结果　 (1) HFOV和 HFOV+Mg SO4 治疗均使 MAS模型动脉血氧分压 (Pa O2 )、动脉血氧 /肺泡血氧分压比 (a/ APO2 )增加 ,肺泡-动脉血氧分压差 (A- a DO2 )、肺内分流 (Qs/ Qt)降低 ,治疗 30 min与治疗前比差异有非常显著性 (P<0 .0 1)。HFOV组各时间点 Pa O2 、a/ APO2 低于对照组 ,A- a DO2 、Qs/ Qt高于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 )。HFOV+Mg SO4 组治疗 12 0 m in后上述指标与对照组差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 )。 (2 )尽管氧合功能改善 ,单独 HFOV对重症 MAS的 PPH无降低作用 ,联合 Mg SO4 治疗 30 min即可有效降低 PPH(P<0 .0 5 ) ,并保持疗效。(3) HFOV组较 HFOV+Mg SO4 组有明显肺出血 ,出血沿肺段、小叶分布 ,两组病理评分差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 )。 (4) HFOV+Mg SO4 组血镁浓度较治疗     

干预CD86协同刺激信号在诱导母胎界面Th2型免疫偏倚中的作用

目的 :探讨干预CD86协同刺激信号在诱导母胎界面局部形成Th2型免疫偏倚中的作用。方法 :将正常妊娠模型 (CBA×BALB/c)和自然流产模型 (CBA×DBA/ 2 )CBA孕鼠均分为两组 ,于孕第 4、6、8天 ,对照组腹腔注射大鼠IgG ,实验组腹腔注射大鼠抗小鼠CD86mAb ;孕第 9天 ,ELISA测定母胎界面组织培养上清中Th1型 (IFN γ、TNF α) /Th2型(IL 4、IL 10 )细胞因子表达水平 ,并计算IL 4 /IFN γ、IL 10 /IFN γ比值 ;孕第 12天比较两种模型各组的胚胎吸收率。结果 :正常妊娠模型中 ,干预CD86协同刺激信号对母胎界面原有的Th2型免疫偏离及妊娠预后均无显著影响。自然流产模型中 ,干预CD86协同刺激信号能够诱导母胎界面局部形成Th2型免疫偏倚并显著改善其妊娠预后。结论 :于孕早期 ,干预CD86协同刺激信号能够改善母胎界面局部细胞因子微环境 ,形成维持正常妊娠所需的Th2型免疫偏倚 ,诱导母胎免疫耐受     

A randomized controlled trial of a new fetal acoustic stimulation test for fetal well-being

OBJECTIVES: Our purpose was to determine (1) whether a fetal acoustic stimulation test results in more palpable fetal movement compared with a mock test (control) and (2) whether palpated fetal movements after a fetal acoustic stimulation test are accompanied by a reactive nonstress test.STUDY DESIGN: In a randomized controlled trial we studied women seen in the labor and delivery suite for various indications. Women were excluded for multiple gestation, <31 weeks' gestational age, treatment with magnesium sulfate or narcotics, or ruptured membranes. Informed consent was obtained from eligible women, who were then randomized to a test or control group. We placed an acoustic stimulator on the abdomen of each woman, but only the test group was stimulated. We assessed fetal movement by a grading system: 0 = no fetal movement felt by patient or tester, 1 = fetal movement felt by patient only, 2 = fetal movement felt by tester, 3 = visual movement seen by tester. A positive fetal acoustic stimulation test result was defined as one with any fetal movement felt or seen by the tester (grades 2 or 3). We then performed a nonstress test. We compared rates of a positive fetal acoustic stimulation test in the test and control groups with the χ² test. A p value <0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS: We randomized 297 women to the test group and 280 women to the control (mock test) group. Of women tested with the fetal acoustic stimulation test, 81% had fetal movement by palpation or visualization (grades 2 or 3) compared with 19% of the control group (p < 0.0001, odds ratio 19.29, 95% confidence interval 12.42 to 30.07). Of the test group, 283 (95%) had a reactive nonstress test and 14 (5%) had nonreactive tests; the control group had 267 (95%) reactive and 13 (5%) nonreactive nonstress tests. Of 242 patients in the test group with a positive fetal acoustic stimulation test, 236 (98%) had a reactive nonstress test. Of those in the test group with fewer than three contractions per 10 minutes, 164 (89%) had a positive fetal acoustic stimulation test. Of these, 162 (99%) had a reactive nonstress test.CONCLUSION: The fetal acoustic stimulation test evokes significantly more palpated or visualized fetal movement than in controls. Palpated or visualized fetal movement after acoustic stimulation was almost always accompanied by a reactive nonstress test. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;176:1386-8.)     

正畸治疗中上颌中切牙牙根吸收的可疑相关因素分析

目的：通过分析正畸治疗引起的上颌中切牙牙根吸收的可疑相关因素，探讨各因素对牙根吸收影响的程度和大小，以期寻找有效的预测和评估因子。方法：随机选择病例资料完整的64例矫治已经结束的病例为研究对象，采用t检验、相关分析和多元逐步回归方法分析正畸治疗引起的上颌中切牙牙根吸收的可疑相关因素。结果：上颌中切牙牙根吸收的平均值为0．93mm。t检验结果显示上颌中切牙牙根吸收的大小与性别、拔牙与否和安氏分类的类型无关，相关分析结果为上颌中切牙牙根吸收的大小与疗程、方丝弓戴用的时间、根尖垂直向位移显著相关，多元逐步回归分析结果提示各相关因子的预测和评估的效率较低。结论：正畸治疗引起的上颌中切牙牙根吸收数量较小，目前尚无有效的预测和评估因子。     

Antiproliferative activity and standardization of Tecomella undulata bark extract on K562 cells

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The bark of Tecomella undulata is primarily used in the treatment of syphilis, painful swellings and cancer by traditional healers. Also, it is claimed to be useful in treating urinary discharges, enlargement of spleen, leucorrhoea, leukoderma, tumors, liver disorders, gonorrhea, gout and promotes wound healing in Indian traditional system of medicine.

Aim

To establish a scientific validation for the antitumor effects of Tecomella undulata bark and explore the mechanistic pathway in chronic myeloid leukemia cell line, K562. The study was further extended to standardize the extract using quercetin as biomarker.

Methods

Induction of apoptosis by chloroform extract of Tecomella undulata bark (CTUB) was determined by MTT, Annexin V and caspase activation assays. The cell cycle analysis was done by flow cytometer and nuclear staining by DAPI. The standardization of the extract was performed through reverse phase-HPLC method under PDA detection.

Result

Results clearly showed the induction of apoptosis by CTUB in K562 cells. The effect was found to be dose dependent, having IC₅₀ of 30 μg/ml with activation of FAS, FADD, caspase 8, caspase 3/7 and fragmentation of DNA. The bioactive CTUB was determined to possess 0.03% (w/w) of quercetin.

Conclusion

The investigation clearly demonstrated the potential antitumor effect of CTUB, thereby validating the traditional claim. Quercetin, known to have anticancer activity is being reported and quantified for the first time from the bark of Tecomella undulata.     

A novel compound RS-0466 reverses beta-amyloid-induced cytotoxicity through the Akt signaling pathway in vitro

In order to determine whether 5-[bis(carboxymethyl) amino]-2-carboxy4-cyano-3-thiopheneacetic acid distrontium salt (S12911-2) inhibits bone resorption by acting on the differentiation and/or function of osteoclasts, its effects were assessed on the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)-induced expression of carbonic anhydrase II and vitronectin receptor in chicken bone marrow cells, and on the resorbing activity of authentic rat osteoclasts cultured on bone slices. S12911-2 dose-dependently inhibited, after a 6-day exposure, the expression of carbonic anhydrase II and vitronectin receptor in stimulated osteoclasts (46% and 40%, respectively, at 10(-3) M Sr(2+), P<0.05). A pre-incubation of bone slices with S12911-2 induced a dose-dependent inhibition of bone resorbing activity from 32% at 10(-4) M Sr(2+) to 66% at 10(-3) M Sr(2+) (P<0.05 in each case). A continuous incubation (10(-3) M Sr(2+)) induced a greater inhibition of bone resorbing activity (73%, P<0.05). The inhibition of bone resorption obtained specifically with S12911-2 is related to an inhibition of the differentiation and resorbing activity of the osteoclasts.     

Fetal blood sampling during pregnancy with use of a needle guided by ultrasound: a study of 606 consecutive cases

Because of various prenatal diagnoses, 606 fetal blood samplings were carried out in 562 pregnancies from the gestational week 17 to 38 with use of a 20-gauge needle guided by ultrasound. The procedure was performed on outpatients under local anesthesia and without medication before or after the procedure. Pure fetal blood was obtained at the first attempt in 588 cases. A second attempt was necessary in 18 cases. Maternal blood contamination was never present. Amniotic fluid dilution was noted in 15 cases. At the beginning of our experience only three cords could not be punctured. The duration of the procedure was less than 10 minutes in 90% of cases. Fifty-eight pregnancies were terminated after consideration of the results of the diagnosis, and 504 pregnancies were continued. The complications found in these pregnancies were premature delivery (5%), growth retardation (8%), in utero death (1.1%), and spontaneous abortion (0.8%). In the future this new procedure could replace fetoscopy and initiate an important field of new investigations.     

选择性头部降温对胎羊缺血性脑损伤纹状体神经元凋亡和星形胶质细胞增殖的影响

目的研究选择性头部降温对缺血性脑损伤胎羊纹状体神经元凋亡和星形胶质细胞增殖的影响。方法胎羊于妊娠117~124d时通过双侧颈动脉阻塞30min造成双侧脑缺血损伤,损伤后将胎羊随机分为:损伤组(n=10)、2h低温组(损伤后2h开始亚低温治疗,n=7)和6h低温组(损伤后6h开始亚低温治疗,n=8),另设正常对照组(n=5)。通过冷循环水进行选择性头部降温,取脑组织用免疫组化法检测胎羊纹状体caspase-3(半胱天冬氨酸酶-3),GFAP(胶质纤维酸性蛋白)和PCNA(增殖细胞核抗原)的表达。结果①纹状体神经元凋亡:正常对照组中,caspase-3表达极少(11.00±13.77),损伤组caspase-3免疫阳性细胞为177.70±48.69,明显增加(P=0.000),损伤后2h治疗组(54.14±39.44,P=0.000)和损伤后6h治疗组(122.43±52.36,P=0.017)均能减少caspase-3免疫阳性细胞。②纹状体星形胶质细胞增殖:与正常对照组(163.40±21.98)相比,缺血性脑损伤组的GFAP免疫阳性细胞明显增多(433.25±66.69,P=0.000),损伤后2h开始亚低温治疗(219.50±35.31,P=0.000)和损伤后6h开始亚低温治疗(272.50±86.20,P=0.000)均能减少GFAP免疫阳性细胞。③纹状体PCNA阳性细胞的表达:在正常对照组中,PCNA免疫阳性细胞较少,为153.40±12.46,缺血性脑损伤组的PCNA免疫阳性细胞明显增多(353.70±45.60,P=0.000),损伤后2h开始亚低温治疗(187.14±26.26,P=0.000)和损伤后6h开始亚低温治疗(230.25±67.46,P=0.000)均能减少PCNA免疫阳性细胞。结论亚低温可以抑制纹状体神经元的凋亡和星形胶质细胞的增殖,该作用可能为选择性头部降温的脑保护作用机制之一。     

永存原始玻璃体增生症与先天性纤维血管瞳孔膜临床特征的比较

目的：分析永存原始玻璃体增生症(PHPV)和先天性纤维血管瞳孔膜(CFPM)的临床特征异同。

方法：回顾性分析2006-03/2021-12在空军军医大学西京医院眼科接受手术治疗的PHPV(PHPV组)和CFPM患儿(CFPM组)的眼部生物测量参数、临床表现、病变的形态学特点。

结果：纳入PHPV患儿56例61眼,CFPM患儿24例25眼; PHPV和CFPM的发病年龄相似、无性别差异,均以单眼患病为主,其占比分别为91%和96%。PHPV合并白内障患眼可有多种并发症和眼发育异常,CFPM主要为不同程度的瞳孔区堵塞及形态异常。PHPV组和CFPM组单眼患病患儿患眼前房深度(ACD)均小于对侧眼,手术年龄≤24月龄患儿患眼眼轴长度(AL)均小于对侧眼(P<0.05); PHPV组单眼患病患儿患眼角膜直径(CD)小于对侧眼、眼压高于对侧眼(均P<0.05); CFPM组单眼患病患儿患眼与对侧眼CD、IOP比较均无显著差异(P>0.05)。PHPV组患儿患眼ACD小于CFPM组患眼(P<0.05)。术中发现PHPV纤维血管膜组织位于晶状体后、玻璃体腔内,而CFPM纤维血管膜位于虹膜与晶状体前囊膜之间,很少累及晶状体。

结论：PHPV和CFPM有非常相似的临床特点,提示PHPV和CFPM可能是永存胚胎血管(PFV)的不同表现形式,但PHPV病变范围更广、病情更复杂。