Effect of pretreatment with different concertrations of morphine, fentanyl and tramadol on the differentiation of human helper T cells in vitro

Objective： To investigate and compare the .effects of different concentrations of morphine, fentanyl and tramadol on the differentiation of human adult helper T cells in vitro. Methods： Twenty out-patients without immune disease were selected and their peripheral blood was collected. Then the Whole blood of peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） were pretreated with different concentration of morphine, fentanyl and tramadol for 24 h. The level of CD4^＋ IFN-γ^＋ IL-2^＋/CD4^＋ IL-4^＋ IL-10^＋ was analyzed by three-color flow cytometry, and the CD4^＋ CCR5^＋ and CD4^＋ CCR3 ^＋ cells were counted to observe the imbalance of Th2/Th2. Results： The number of Th2 increased significantly and the ratio of Th2/Th2 decreased dramatically compared with the control group, and there was a dose-dependent fashion in all drugs. Conclusion： Morphine, fentanyl and tramadol can direct Th0 cells toward Th2 differentiation, especially morphine and fentanyl.     

不同滴定方式使用芬太尼透皮贴剂对中重度癌痛患者家居治疗的临床观察

为了评价芬太尼透皮贴剂对中重度癌痛患者家居治疗的疗效及安全性，以及不同滴定方式对治疗效果和不良反应的影响，将全部在家接受治疗的784例患者，分为口服盐酸吗啡片滴定后转换为多瑞吉组（A组）及多瑞吉直接滴定组（B组）进行观察。记录其治疗前后疼痛强度、疼痛缓解度及不良反应。结果：A组543例总缓解率为99．1％，B组241例中，3例因严重不良反应无法耐受停止治疗，其余238例总缓解率为98．3％。不良反应中，B组恶心呕吐及头晕发生率较A组高，便秘、嗜睡和排尿困难等不良反应发生率两组相似。无呼吸抑制及精神依赖发生。初步研究结果提示，芬太尼透皮贴剂对中重度癌痛患者家居治疗的治疗效果满意。吗啡滴定后再转为多瑞吉治疗能减少嗜睡及恶心、呕吐等不良反应，提高患者的治疗依从性。     

舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚静脉麻醉在无痛人工流产术中的临床观察

目的:评价舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚静脉麻醉在无痛人流术中的疗效和安全性。方法:选择A SAⅠ~Ⅱ级妊娠1~2个月自愿施行人流术的孕妇60例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例,对照组为丙泊酚+芬太尼,治疗组为丙泊酚+舒芬太尼,两组丙泊酚均采用2次推注法,首次给药至深镇静(45~60 s内注完),2~3 m in后扩宫口时再追加50%诱导量,观察诱导过程及术中血压、心率、脉搏氧饱和度、呼吸频率、苏醒时间、丙泊酚用量、术后恶心呕吐、头晕、术后宫缩痛(采用VA S评分)。结果:丙泊酚用量治疗组少于对照组(P<0.05),呼吸抑制发生率对照组80%,治疗组50%,术后宫缩痛治疗组明显少于对照组,两组术中血压、心率、脉搏氧饱和度比较差异无显著性。结论:舒芬太尼合用丙泊酚静脉麻醉行无痛人工流产术可以减少丙泊酚用量和呼吸抑制的发生,镇痛效果显著,而不良反应未见增加。     

瑞芬太尼复合麻醉用于小儿室间隔缺损修补术的观察

目的:评价瑞芬太尼复合麻醉用于小儿室间隔缺损修补术安全性和有效性。方法:选择室间隔缺损需行心内直视手术患儿20例,随机分为2组,Ⅰ组芬太尼总剂量30μg/kg,Ⅱ组瑞芬太尼0.05～1.00μg/(kg·min)持续泵入。分别于不同时间记录血液动力学参数,并采集动脉血标本测量应激激素浓度,观察术后机械通气时间和拔管时间。结果:与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组在术中各时点血液动力学参数和应激激素浓度差异均无统计学意义,但术后通气时间和拔管时间均显著缩短。结论:瑞芬太尼复合麻醉维持术中血液动力学稳定,有效抑制应激激素释放,实施术后早期拔管,用于小儿室间隔缺损修补术复合麻醉安全有效。     

Patient-controlled epidural analgesia versus continuous epidural analgesia after total knee arthroplasty

BACKGROUND: Patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) has been found to be an effective method for pain relief during labour and after surgery. The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of bupivacaine-fentanyl PCEA and continuous epidural infusion with the same mixture for treatment of pain after total knee arthroplasty. METHODS: Fifty-four patients under spinal anaesthesia were allocated to two groups in this randomized, double-blind study: the PCEA group could demand a bolus of 0.05 ml/kg of the bupivacaine 1.1 mg/ml and fentanyl 5 microg/ml solution, with a lockout interval of 10 min and total dose limit of three bolus doses per hour. The EPI group received a continuous infusion of 0.1 ml kg(-1) h(-1) of the same bupivacaine-fentanyl solution, and only a minimal extra bolus dose of 0.2 ml with the same lockout interval. All the patients received also paracetamol 1 g, orally, three times a day. In addition to pain scores at rest and during leg lifting, the 20-h analgesic consumption and the incidence of side effects were recorded. RESULTS: Forty-nine patients completed the study. The bupivacaine and fentanyl consumption during 20 h was smaller in the PCEA group (P<0.001). Analgesia and the need for rescue-opioid medication were similar in both groups. There were no differences between the PCEA and EPI groups regarding the incidence of side effects. Five patients were confused about how to operate the PCEA apparatus. CONCLUSION: The amount of bupivacaine-fentanyl solution consumed was significantly less with PCEA than with continuous infusion of bupivacaine-fentanyl solution without affecting the quality of postoperative analgesia after total knee arthroplasty. Several of the elderly patients had difficulties in operating the PCEA apparatus.     

The influence of halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane on rocuronium infusion in children

BACKGROUND: Rocuronium is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with intermediate duration of action and without significant cumulative properties, suitable for continuous infusion. This study was designed to determine the infusion requirements in children under nitrous oxide and fentanyl, halothane, isoflurane or sevoflurane anaesthesia. METHODS: Forty children, 3-11 years old, ASA physical status group I or II were studied. They were randomly allocated to receive fentanyl-nitrous oxide, 1 MAC halothane-nitrous oxide, 1 MAC isoflurane-nitrous oxide or 1 MAC sevoflurane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia. Rocuronium, 0.6 mg(-1) was used to facilitate endotracheal intubation. Electromyographic response of adductor pollicis to train-of-four (TOF) stimulation, 2 Hz for 2 s, applied to the ulnar nerve at 10-s intervals was recorded using Relaxograph (Datex, Helsinki, Finland). Once the first twitch response (T1) returned to 5%, muscle relaxation was maintained by continuous infusion of rocuronium, adjusted automatically in a closed-loop system to maintain a stable 90-99% T1 depression. The block was considered stable if it changed by no more than 2% over a 10-min observation period. RESULTS: Halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane groups had ower infusion requirements than the fentanyl-nitrous oxide group (P<0.00075). Rocuronium requirement (mean +/- SD) at one hour from the commencement of anaesthesia was 16.7+/-2.3, 13.6+/-3.7, 13.1+/-5.1 and 8.4+/-1.6 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) for children receiving fentanyl-nitrous oxide, halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane anaesthesia, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The rocuronium infusion rate required to maintain stable 90-99% T1 depression was reduced by approximately 20% with halothane and isoflurane anaesthesia, and by 50% with evoflurane anaesthesia when compared to fentanyl-nitrous oxide anaesthesia. Significant patient-to-patient variability of infusion rate makes monitoring of neuromuscular transmission necessary.     

恩丹西酮不同给药模式预防妇科术后PCIA恶心呕吐的效果

目的 比较恩丹西酮不同给药模式对预防妇科术后芬太尼PCIA恶心呕吐的效果. 方法 随机选择120例择期妇科手术病人(ASAI-Ⅲ级),选择术后芬太尼PCIA镇痛.随机分四组且每组各30例:A组,用芬太尼复合咪唑安定加生理盐水至100ml于泵中,A组为对照组;B组,在A组基础上将8 mg恩丹西酮加入泵中;C组,在开启PCLA(A组配方)前10min缓慢静脉注入8 mg恩丹西酮;D组,在开启PCIA(A组配方)前10 min缓慢静脉注入4 mg恩丹西酮,并将4 mg恩丹西酮加入泵中.观察并记录各组在启动PCIA镇痛4,8,12,24,42 h各时点恶心呕吐评蕉、疼痛视觉评分、镇静评分. 结果 四组病人恶心呕吐不同时间之间比较有统计学差异(P<0.05).在使用PCIA后相同时点,A组病人恶心呕吐率最高,D组病人恶心呕吐率最低.A、B、C、D各组疼痛视觉评分、镇静评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05). 结论 恩丹西酮负荷量给药,同时在镇痛泵中加入恩丹西酮可以有效地减少术后PCIA恶心呕吐.     

氟芬合剂对全身麻醉脊柱手术患者血流动力学的影响

[目的]观察全身麻醉期间氟芬合剂对脊柱手术患者血压及心率的影响.[方法]选择40例需在全身麻醉下施行脊柱手术患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各为20例.观察组患者在手术开始前5 min静脉注射给予氟芬合剂6 mL,对照组给予等量生理盐水,观察手术开始后5,15,30,45 min时患者血压及心率的变化情况.[结果]观察组患者手术开始后血压显著下降,心率逐渐减慢,45 min时血压及心率接近麻醉前水平,与对照组比较,血压与心率变化均有显著性差异.[结论]在麻醉期间氟芬合剂可有效地降低血压,减慢心率,维持时间较长,可防止手术刺激所引起的血压升高及心率增快.     

选择性应用芬太尼在无痛人流术中2200例效果分析

目的通过选择性应用芬太尼配伍异丙酚及单用异丙酚两种静脉麻醉用于不同人群实施无痛人工流产术,与传统有痛人工流产术进行临床对比观察,进一步肯定异丙酚及芬太尼用于无痛人工流产术安全有效、不良反应少、方法简便。方法选择门诊自愿终止妊娠而无禁忌证的早孕妇女共2600例。按自愿选择将其分为无痛人工流产组两组A组320例（有痛经史妇女）、B组1880例和有痛人工流产组C组400例;无痛两组据受术者有无痛经史分别给予异丙酚配伍芬太尼静脉麻醉（A组）和异丙酚静脉麻醉（B组）,C组仅用1%地卡因宫颈局部麻醉,观察麻醉效果、术后宫缩痛发生率、人工流产综合征（RAAS）发生率、宫颈松弛情况、出血量及发生的不良反应等进行了临床对比研究。结果选择性应用芬太尼合并异丙酚用于人工流产术提高了镇痛有效率,A组有效率100%,B组有效率99.79%,C组有效率52.50%,AB两组与C组镇痛结果比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;降低了痛经患者术后宫缩痛发生率,镇痛两组术后宫缩痛发生率（1.11%）与C组（94.5%）分别比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。镇痛两组无一例发生人工流产综合征,与C组比较P〈0.01。三组对比宫颈松弛情况,阴道出血量,和发生的不良反应等差异无统计学意义。结论选择性应用芬太尼于无痛人流术中,最大限度地解决了每位患者的术中及术后痛苦,减少了并发症的发生,有推广应用价值。     

瑞芬太尼和芬太尼联合丙泊酚全麻诱导对心率变异性、双频谱指数的影响

目的观察不同剂量瑞芬太尼和芬太尼全麻诱导对心率变异性(HRV)、双频谱指数(BIS)的影响。方法选择择期手术全麻患者60例,ASA分级I-II级,随机分为瑞芬太尼组(R组)和芬太尼组(F组)各30例,每组中根据麻醉诱导时给药剂量的不同又分为3个亚组,每组10例。瑞芬太尼和芬太尼的剂量分别是R1(F1)1μg/kg、R2(F2)1.5μg/kg、R3(F3)2.0μg/kg;监测病人的血压、心电图(ECG)、心率(HR)、心率变异性(HRV)、双频谱指数(BIS)。记录麻醉前(T0),诱导时(T1),插管即刻(T2)及气管插管后1min(T3),5min(T4),10min(T5)各时间点、HR、HRV、双频谱指数(BIS)的变化。结果①F1、2、3组心率与麻醉前比较明显升高(P<0.05),R1、2、3组于麻醉前比较心律变化平稳(P>0.05)。②心率变异性R 3个剂量组T2、T3与麻醉前相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),F组于各时段变化无统计学意义(P>0.05)。③6组病人BIS值与诱导前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),在T2、T3、T5时间点F1、2、3组与同剂量瑞芬太尼比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论瑞芬太尼联合丙泊酚全麻诱导心率及心率变异性平稳,能达到满意的麻醉深度。