阿片类口服药物转换为芬太尼透皮贴的过渡期内癌痛患者镇痛方案研究

目的:探讨当阿片类药物口服止痛效果不佳需改用芬太尼透皮贴时,24 h过渡期内的最佳止痛方案.方法:建立随机对照试验,对80例符合标准的癌痛病例随机分组,分为吗啡注射液组、吗啡即释片组、阿片类缓释片亚组1、阿片类缓释片亚组2.比较各治疗组过渡期内镇痛效果、生活质量、不良反应种类及程度等,综合评价各组方案的疗效和安全性.结...     

Indirect treatment comparison of two non-invasive patient-controlled analgesia treatments for acute post-operative pain management

Objectives: To evaluate the relative clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerability associated with two non-invasive patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) treatments, sufentanil sublingual tablet system (SSTS) and fentanyl iontophoretic patient-controlled transdermal system (PCTS). These two treatments have recently been approved in the EU for the management of acute moderate-to-severe post-operative pain in adult patients.

Methods: As no head-to-head trials comparing SSTS and PCTS currently exist, indirect treatment comparison (ITC) analyses were conducted to evaluate SSTS or PCTS versus intravenous (IV) morphine PCA.

Results: Five studies, four assessing PCTS and one assessing SSTS, were included in this analysis. SSTS had statistical or numerical advantages over PCTS for both patient global assessment (PGA) and healthcare professional global assessment (HPGA) outcomes at all time points investigated. SSTS was also associated with greater patient ease of use (weighted mean difference [WMD]: 0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI]: ?0.02–0.28) and a higher patient satisfaction score (WMD: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.05–0.57; p?=?.019) compared with PCTS. In terms of tolerability, all-cause withdrawals from treatment were reported to be less likely with SSTS (risk ratio: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.42–1.02). No significant differences were observed between SSTS and PCTS in terms of safety and adverse events.

Conclusions: In the absence of direct head-to-head data, the combination of promising phase III trial results compared to IV morphine PCA, a SLR comparison against other opioid treatments, and the results of this exploratory analysis present a strong rationale in support of SSTS as a key option for management of post-operative pain.     

瑞芬太尼靶控输注在小儿眼斜视矫正术中的应用

目的:通过比较瑞芬太尼血浆靶控输注麻醉诱导和维持,与芬太尼单次静脉注射诱导、吸入药物维持,证明瑞芬太尼在小儿眼斜视矫正术麻醉中应用的安全性和有效性。方法:60例2～14岁择期行小儿斜视矫正术的患儿,随机分为芬太尼单次静注诱导(F)组和瑞芬太尼血浆靶控诱导和维持(R)组,F组诱导时单次静脉注射芬太尼1μg·kg~(-1),以吸入氧化亚氮和异氟烷维持麻醉,R组诱导时设瑞芬太尼血浆靶浓度为4 ng·mL~(-1),以瑞芬太尼血浆靶浓度为3 ng·mL~(-1)持续静脉输注和吸入氧化亚氮维持麻醉,观察麻醉起效时间、呼吸恢复时间、麻醉时间及各时间点的血压(BP),心率(HR)和脉搏氧饱和度(SpO_2):入室、入睡、插管、插管后3 min及手术开始、手术结束、拔管和拔管后3 min。观察芬太尼和瑞芬太尼的诱导量,术后呕吐、躁动和疼痛情况。结果:两组患儿的麻醉起效时间和呼吸恢复时间两组间有显著性统计学差异(P＜0．01或P＜0．05);血流动力学方面,两组HR在插管后3 min和手术开始时有显著性统计学差异(P＜0．01或P＜0．05),R组的HR显著低于F组的HR;两组平均动脉压(MAP)插管时和插管后3 min有显著性统计学差异(P＜0．01),R组的MAP显著低于F组的MAP。两组术后常见并发症(呕吐、躁动及疼痛)无显著性统计学差异。结论:瑞芬太尼血浆靶控输注复合丙泊酚和肌肉松弛剂行麻醉诱导,持续血浆靶控输注复合氧化亚氮吸入维持麻醉,能够安全、有效地用于小儿眼斜视矫正术的麻醉,并具有起效迅速、血流动力学稳定的特点,与芬太尼比较,术后并发症未见增多。     

Is the cutaneous silent period an opiate‐sensitive nociceptive reflex?

In humans, high-intensity electrical stimuli delivered to the fingers induce an inhibitory effect on C7-T1 motoneurons. This inhibitory reflex, called the cutaneous silent period (CSP) is considered a defense response specific for the human upper limbs. It is not clear whether the CSP-like other defense responses such as the corneal reflex and the R III reflex-is an opiate-sensitive nociceptive reflex. Because opiates suppress some, but not all, nociceptive reflexes, we studied the effect of the narcotic-analgesic drug fentanyl on the CSP and the R III reflex. The CSP was recorded from the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle in seven normal subjects during voluntary contraction, before and 10 and 20 min after fentanyl injection. To assess possible fentanyl-induced changes, we also tested the effect of finger stimulation on motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited in the FDI muscle by transcranial magnetic stimulation before and after fentanyl injection. Fentanyl-induced changes were also studied on the R III reflex recorded from the biceps femoris muscle. Fentanyl, as expected, suppressed the R III reflex but failed to change the inhibitory effect of finger stimulation on FDI motoneurons. Finger stimulation reduced the size of MEPs in the FDI, and fentanyl injection left this inhibitory effect unchanged. The differential fentanyl-induced modulation of the CSP and R III reflex provides evidence that the CSP circuit is devoid of mu-opiate receptors and is therefore an opiate-insensitive nociceptive reflex, which may be useful in the assessment of central-acting, non-opioid drugs.     

Unconscious sedation in children: a prospective multi-arm clinical trial

BACKGROUND: We report the evaluation of six sedative-hypnotic and analgesic combinations administered to children undergoing brief periods of unconscious (or deep) sedation for painful procedures. METHODS: In a prospective, open-label, randomized, controlled study of six groups of 27-30 children each, patients were randomly assigned to receive propofol or methohexital for sedation-hypnosis, and one of three incremental doses of fentanyl or remifentanil, respectively. RESULTS: An infusion of methohexital (10 mg.ml-1) combined with remifentanil (6.67 micro g.ml-1) provided significantly shorter geometric mean times to initial emergence, to eye-opening and to discharge, and required airway interventions that were not significantly more frequent than all groups sedated with propofol and fentanyl. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of methohexital and remifentanil appears to be a satisfactory method for unconcious sedation for short painful procedures in children.     

氟比洛芬酯对老年胸部手术后的镇痛效果及对呼吸功能的影响

目的 观察氟比洛芬酯复合小剂量芬太尼用于病人自控镇痛（PCA）对老年胸部手术后的镇痛效果及对呼吸功能的影响。方法 40例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期开胸手术的食管癌病人随机分为病人自控硬膜外镇痛（PCEA）组和病人自控静脉镇痛（PCIA）组，每组20例。药液配方PCIA组为氟比洛芬酯200mg＋芬太尼0、3mg＋恩丹西酮8mg，PCEA组为0、15％罗哌卡因＋芬太尼0．3mg＋恩丹西酮8mg。均用生理盐水稀释到100ml。记录术后4、8、12、24、48h的视觉模拟评分（VAS）、布氏评分（BCS）、镇静评分（RSS）、病人对术后镇痛总体满意度评分及不良反应。并于术前和术后24h测定肺功能和血气分析的变化。结果 两组VAS评分PCIA组高于PCEA组，BCS评分PCIA组低于PCEA组，但差异无统计学意义（P〉0、05），RSS评分于术后4hPCIA组明显增高（P〈0．05），病人对术后镇痛总体满意程度评估优秀者PCEA组明显增多但两组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0、05）。PCEA组呼吸功能改善明显优于PCIA组（P〈0．05）。结论 氟比洛芬酯复合小剂量芬太尼PCIA对于老年胸部手术术后镇痛安全有效，改善了呼吸功能，综合镇痛总体质量和呼吸功能的改善仍不及PCEA，但PCEA需加强硬膜外导管的管理。     

不同异丙酚复合用药在人工流产术中的应用比较

目的：探讨小剂量氯胺酉阿、芬太尼复合异丙酚用于无痛人流的效果及不良反应。方法：选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级行人一流产的早孕患者90例，随机分为F组与KF组。F组采用芬太尼1μg／kg＋异丙酚1～1．5mg／kg；KF组采用氯胺酮0．1mg／kg＋芬太尼1μg／kg＋异丙酚1～1．5mg／kg。若两组病人出现不自主肢体活动时追加异丙酚0．2～0．4mg／kg。记录术前和术中平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、血氧饱和度（SpO2）值、异丙酚总用量、不良反应及病人清醒时间、行走恢复时间和离院时间。结果：KF组与F组比较，MAP、SpO2抑制减轻，异丙酚用量减少，病人的清醒时间、行走恢复时间及离院时间均缩短，且不良反应减少。结论：小剂量氯胺酮、芬太尼联合异丙酚用于无痛人流能达到良好的镇痛效果，能降低3种药物用量，减少药物的不良反应。     

等效剂量曲马多和芬太尼术后镇痛对全麻患者拔管期循环和呼吸的影响

目的比较等效剂量曲马多和芬太尼持续静脉镇痛对全麻患者气管拔管循环和呼吸的影响。方法60例ASAⅠ、Ⅱ级全麻手术病人随机分为T组和F组,分别于手术结束前30min给予曲马多或芬太尼静脉镇痛,观察拔管后1、5和10min时的SBP、HR、SpO2和PEtCO2。结果拔管时间F组长于T组,两组同期比较拔管后F组HR明显低于T组(P<0.01),SpO2较T组低,而PEtCO2较T组高(P<0.05)。结论曲马多用于全麻术后静脉镇痛几乎不影响患者的清醒及恢复,对患者拔管期间循环和呼吸的影响小于芬太尼。     

氯诺昔康用于头颈部恶性肿瘤术后镇痛的临床研究

目的观察氯诺昔康用于头颈部恶性肿瘤术后镇痛的疗效及安全性。方法选择头颈部恶性肿瘤手术后要求行术后镇痛患者40例,随机分成L组和F组,每组20例,L组氯诺昔康40mg,F组芬太尼1mg,均用生理盐水稀释至100mL。镇痛泵为福尼亚,背景剂量2mL/h,单次按压剂量1mL,锁定时间15min。手术结束前30minL组给予负荷剂量氯诺昔康8mg,F组于术毕给予负荷剂量芬太尼0.05mg。术毕开始PCIA。观察术后2、4、8、12、24、36和48h的VAS评分、Ramsay评分及不良反应。结果VAS评分两组在各时间点差异无显著性(P>0.05);F组Ramsay评分在术后2和4h明显高于L组(P<0.05),8h以后两组间差异无显著性(P>0.05);F组的不良反应明显多于L组,不良反应的发生率亦高于L组(P<0.05)。结论氯诺昔康不仅具有与芬太尼相近的镇痛效果,而且不良反应少,安全性高,更适用于头颈部恶性肿瘤患者术后镇痛。