Randomised double-blind comparison of fentanyl, mivacurium or placebo to facilitate laryngeal mask airway insertion

In a double-blind randomised study, we compared conditions during insertion of the laryngeal mask airway in 150 patients who received either fentanyl 1 microg.kg-1, mivacurium 0.04 mg.kg-1 or normal saline, before induction of anaesthesia with propofol 2 mg.kg-1. Insertion conditions, including mouth opening, swallowing, gagging or coughing, head or limb movement and ease of insertion, were each graded using a three-point scale. The median (interquartile range) summed insertion scores were more favourable with the use of fentanyl [8.0 (7.0-9.0)] and mivacurium [7.5 (6.8-8.3)] than with normal saline [9.0 (7.8-10.3); p < 0.01]. Fentanyl and mivacurium decreased swallowing and head or limb movement, and mivacurium improved mouth opening. Insertion conditions were similar between fentanyl and mivacurium, while both prolonged apnoea. Fentanyl and mivacurium are equally effective in facilitating insertion of the laryngeal mask airway following anaesthetic induction with propofol.     

Effects of remifentanil on neutrophil adhesion, transmigration, and intercellular adhesion molecule expression

BACKGROUND: Anaesthetic drugs are used for pain therapy and anaesthesia. Neutrophils play a significant role during the process of inflammation. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of remifentanil and fentanyl on neutrophil migration through endothelial cell monolayers, and on adhesion molecule expression. METHODS: After isolation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNL) we used a currently described migration assay. PMNL and/or endothelial cell monolayers (ECM) were pre-treated with remifentanil using clinically relevant, as well as higher and lower concentrations or relevant concentrations of fentanyl. RESULTS: Concentrations of remifentanil (50 ng/mL) similar to the relevant plasma concentration were able to inhibit PMNL migration through ECM significantly (migration compared to the control 82+/-7% SD; P<0.05), when both cell types were treated with the synthetic narcotic remifentanil. Fentanyl (30 ng/mL) showed a stronger inhibitory effect (migration compared to the control 67+/-9.2%; P<0.05). Endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression was reduced after either remifentanil or fentanyl. CONCLUSION: The results of the present investigation indicate that remifentanil influences interaction of ECM against human neutrophils. Compared to fentanyl, remifentanil seems to exhibit minor inhibitory effects on neutrophil migration.     

The effect of the addition of ropivacaine or bupivacaine upon pruritus induced by intrathecal fentanyl in labour

Sixty patients in early labour were randomly allocated to one of three groups. The control group received intrathecal fentanyl 25 microg, the ropivacaine group received intrathecal fentanyl 25 microg and ropivacaine 2.5 mg while the bupivacaine group received intrathecal fentanyl 25 microg and bupivacaine 2.5 mg. The incidence of pruritus was 100% in controls, compared with 85% in the ropivacaine group (not significant) and 75% in the bupivacaine group (p = 0.003). The severity of pruritus was significantly less in the ropivacaine (p = 0.006) and bupivacaine (p = 0.001) groups. Most patients developed pruritus by 30 min. Pruritus above the abdomen was not reduced in patients receiving local anaesthetics. There were no significant differences in the mean pain visual analogue score, systolic blood pressure, maternal heart rate and upper level of reduced pin-prick sensation in the first 30 min. Intrathecal ropivacaine and, more so, intrathecal bupivacaine reduce the incidence and severity of pruritus from intrathecal fentanyl for labour analgesia.     

依托咪酯、芬太尼静脉复合麻醉在消化内镜诊疗中的应用

目的研究依托咪酯、芬太尼静脉复合麻醉用于电子肠镜检查的可行性。方法选择无电子肠镜检查禁忌症的需接受肠镜检查的患者116例,其中自愿接受麻醉的58例为组,静脉推注芬太尼,用量2ug/kg,依托咪酯用量0.15mg～0.3mg/kg/次;另58例为组,接受常规肠镜检查。两组病人术中常规监测血氧饱和度、血压及心电图,并记录患者入室至检查结束不同时点的SpO2及HR值,观察苏醒时间和不良反应并进行比较。结果组58例患者顺利完成肠镜检查,患者术中几无不适感,不良反应的发生率较对照组明显降低(P<0.01),组患者反应明显,有两例未完成手术。结论依托咪酯、苏太尼静脉复合麻醉用于电子肠镜检查是一种安全有效方法。     

丙泊酚与芬太尼联用在人工流产手术麻醉中的效果分析

目的 :观察丙泊酚联合应用不同剂量的芬太尼在人工流产手术中的麻醉效果。方法 :人工流产手术病人 15 0例 ,符合美国麻醉学家学会Ⅰ～Ⅱ级 ,分为 3组。A组单次静脉注射 (静注 )丙泊酚 2mg·kg- 1。B组单次静注丙泊酚 1.5mg·kg- 1及芬太尼 1μg·kg- 1。C组单次静注丙泊酚 1.5mg·kg- 1及芬太尼 2 μg·kg- 1。观察 3组病人麻醉起效及苏醒时间、丙泊酚总用量及呼吸抑制情况。结果 :麻醉起效时间B组为 (1.2±s 0 .4 )min ,C组为(1.3± 0 .4 )min ,明显快于A组 (1.8± 0 .7)min ,P <0 .0 1;意识恢复时间B组短于A组。丙泊酚用量B ,C组均少于A组。用药后SPO2 ,RR均下降 ,C组发生率明显高于A ,B两组。结论 :丙泊酚 1.5mg·kg- 1联合应用芬太尼 1μg·kg- 1用于人工流产手术麻醉是安全、有效的方法     

芬太尼-异丙酚及咪唑安定-异丙酚在老年患者胃镜检查中的应用

目的 :研究芬太尼 -异丙酚及咪唑安定 -异丙酚在老年患者胃镜检查中应用的效果和安全性。方法 :将128例行胃镜检查的老年患者随机分为芬太尼 -异丙酚组 (Ⅰ组 )、咪唑安定 -异丙酚组 (Ⅱ组 )和常规胃镜组 (Ⅲ组 ) ,观察和记录患者收缩压(SBP)、心率 (HR)、正常R -R间期标准差 (SDNN)等的变化。结果 :与Ⅲ组比较 ,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组不适反应少 ,胃镜操作时间短 ,100 %舒适无痛苦 (P<0 05) ;Ⅰ、Ⅱ组检查中SBP、HR及SDNN下降幅度均在正常范围内 ,而Ⅲ组检查中SBP及HR显著升高 ,SDNN显著下降 (P<0 05)。结论 :在老年患者胃镜检查中应用芬太尼 -异丙酚或咪唑安定 -异丙酚更加有效、舒适和安全。     

靶控输注法对丙泊酚复合不同浓度芬太尼的临床观察

目的观察靶控输注丙泊酚和不同浓度芬太尼的临床效应。方法38例行下腹部手术的患者,随机分为2组,靶控输注丙泊酚3mg.mL-1分别复合芬太尼2ng.mL-1(A组)及4ng.mL-1(B组)。观察2组病人在麻醉前、气管插管后、切皮后的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、心率变异性指数(LF/HF),并于气管插管后、切皮后、手术30,60,90及120min,观察2组病人的脑电双频指数(BIS)变化。结果A组病人在气管插管后,MAP、LF/HF均显著高于麻醉前;切皮后MAP、HR、LF/HF与麻醉前比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。B组各指标在气管插管、切皮后与麻醉前比较,均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。2组各时间点的BIS值在35~58,组间比较无显著性差异。结论靶控输注丙泊酚3mg.mL-1伍用芬太尼4ng.mL-1,可以有效抑制气管插管和切皮反应,并可获得满意的麻醉深度;而伍用芬太尼2ng.mL-1可以有效抑制切皮反应,但不能抑制气管插管反应。     

地佐辛应用于瑞芬太尼静脉麻醉后患者的痛觉过敏观察

目的探析地佐辛对瑞芬太尼静脉麻醉术后患者疼痛过敏的影响，评价其镇痛的安全性以及有效性。方法选择腹腔镜下手术患者60例为研究对象，回顾性分析其临床资料。结果观察组患者要求进行镇痛距手术结束时间明显比对照组长（P〈0．05）；观察组患者在T1、T2、T3时点Ramsay评分明显优于对照组（P〈0．05），T3时点观察组VAS评分明显优于对照组（P〈0．05）；苏醒和拔管的时间、呼吸抑制、恶习呕吐等差异不具有统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论地佐辛能有效的得到控制或者改善疼痛过敏，有效地减轻患者术后的疼痛感，安全性高。     

三联麻醉法在混合痔手术中的应用

目的:评价丙泊酚、芬太尼静脉基础麻醉联合局麻即三联麻醉法在混合痔手术中的麻醉效果及安全性。方法:将60例混合痔患者随机分为联合组和对照组,每组30例,联合组病人麻醉方式采用丙泊酚、芬太尼做基础麻醉,辅以肛周局部神经阻滞麻醉;对照组单纯采用肛周局部神经阻滞麻醉。观察并记录术中病人HR、MBP、SpO2、手术肌松程度、患者满意度、术后不良反应和尿潴留情况。结果:两组患者基础心率无差异,术中10min、20min、手术结束时心率联合组慢于对照组,P<0.05;两组患者在SpO2、MBP方面差异无统计学意义,P>0.05。联合组的肌松满意度、患者满意度均优于对照组,P<0.05;两组在尿潴留、不良反应方面差异无统计学意义,P>0.05。结论:三联麻醉法安全性较好,麻醉效果理想,患者易于接受。