Pseudopathologic fracture of the femoral neck

We have seen two cases of traumatic subcapital fractures of the femoral neck which resembled pathologic fractures on plain radiography. We have named this entity pseudopathologic fracture of the femoral neck and offer suggestions for why it occurs.     

股骨干骨折后遗膝关节伸位僵直的治疗

对18例股骨干骨折后遗膝关节伸位僵直的手术病人进行了1～6年随访,疗效满意。强调骨中间肌、股四头肌扩张部与股骨间粘连是发病的主要原因。彻底松解粘连组织、大部切除纤维化的股中间肌、骨、肌间放大片硅膜,术后行最大屈膝位,大、小腿间“8”字形绷带固定是手术成功关键。提出该术采用股下段内侧直切口的重要性。     

缝匠肌骨瓣移植空心拉力钉固定治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折

目的：通过采用缝匠骼骨瓣移植、空心拉力钉固定治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折,获得更好的疗效。方法：自１９９２年１月～１９９９年１２月,采用缝匠肌骨瓣移植桥接与空心拉力钉固定治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折,随访时间１～５年,平均４年。结果：７３例新鲜骨折中１例骨折不愈合,股骨头坏死,１例骨折愈合股骨头坏死;２７例移位型陈旧骨折中３例骨折不愈合,股骨头坏死,２例骨折愈合后股骨头坏死。骨折愈合率９６％,股骨头坏死率７％。结论：缝匠肌骨瓣移植可改善股骨头血供并使植骨以“活骨骨折愈合”的方式完成,陈旧性骨折股骨颈吸收的可重建股骨颈,井有一定的强度支撑防止股骨头坏死应力塌陷,与空心拉力钉有协同支撑固定作用。三根空心拉力钉固定创伤小而连接控制面积大是理想的内固定物。     

The Effect of Tizanidine on Chronic Vasospasm in Rats

Summary ? Background. Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has remained a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with SAH. Excitatory neurotransmitters are gathered in the extracellular space during ischemia due to cerebral vasospasm and initiate or stimulate a series of pathophysiological biochemical processes which consequently lead to neuronal death. Tizanidine (Sandoz compound DS 103–282, 5-chloro-4,2 (2-imidazolin-2-yl-amino)-2,1,3-benzothiazol hydrochloride) is a centrally-acting muscle relaxant and a selective α 2 adrenoreceptor agonist which shows its effect by stimulating presynaptic α 2 adrenoreceptors in central ASPergic and GLUergic system by inhibiting aspartic acid and glutamic acid release. In this study, the effect of Tizanidine on vasospasm was evaluated.  Methods. We used a femoral artery vasospasm model in rats which has been described by Okada et al. 60 rats were examined in three groups. The first group was used as control group (Control) (n=20), in the second group subarachnoid hemorrhage was performed (SAH) (n=20), in the third group Tizanidine was administered in addition to SAH (SAH+Tizanidine administration) (n=20). Animals in SAH+Tizanidine administration group received 0,3 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally for 7 days. Seven days after the experiment, after perfusion-fixation, 10 mm segments of both femoral arteries were removed and the femoral artery was prepared for light microscope examination, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and for morphometric analysis.  Results. There was a statistically significant difference between the electron, scanning and light microscopic observations and morphometric analysis of SAH+Tizanidine administration group and SAH group, and no statistically significant difference between SAH+Tizanidine administration group and control group.  Conclusion. This study has disclosed that Tizanidine administration before the vasospasm reduces ultrastructural and morphometric vasospastic insult significantly. However, the clinical application of Tizanidine as a protective and therapeutic agent in cerebral vasospasm needs further studies including the employment of clinically more relevant SAH models.     

Effects of propofol on desipramine-sensitive [3H]-noradrenaline uptake kinetics in rat femoral artery

BACKGROUND: The intravenous anaesthetic propofol inhibits the neuronal uptake of noradrenaline (uptake1) from the vascular sympathetic neuromuscular junction, resulting in an enhancement of the sympathetic neurotransmission. This could be important for maintenance of blood pressure during propofol anaesthesia. The aim of the present study was to determine how propofol influences the kinetics of uptake1. METHODS: Isolated segments of rat femoral arteries were incubated with [3H]-noradrenaline in the presence or absence of propofol and the radioactivity taken up was measured in a scintillation counter. The uptake1 inhibitor, desipramine, was used to delineate the specific neuronal uptake. RESULTS: Desipramine and 10 microM propofol significantly reduced the uptake in segments incubated with 0.1 microM [3H]-noradrenaline. Propofol at 1 microM and 100 microM did not affect the uptake. Non-linear regression analysis of specific uptake yielded Km 0.50 microM, Vmax 1.6 pmol mg(-1) 15 min(-1) and Hill coefficient 1.1. Propofol (1-10 microM) increased the Km value and propofol (10-100 microM) increased the Vmax value concentration-dependently, while the Hill coefficient was not affected. CONCLUSION: Propofol seems to have a biphasic effect on the uptake of noradrenaline in the vascular sympathetic neuromuscular junction. At lower propofol concentrations there is a decrease in the affinity of the noradrenaline transporters. The resulting uptake inhibition is counteracted at higher propofol concentrations by an increase in the efficacy of the uptake.     

酒精性股骨细胞凋亡及其p53等基因的表达

目的　探讨细胞凋亡抑癌基因 (p5 3)和细胞凋亡抑制基因 (Bcl 2 )基因在酒精性股骨头缺血性坏死骨细胞凋亡中的作用。方法　家兔 6 0只 ,随机分为 2组。灌胃法建模 ,实验组给予含乙醇 5 0 %的烈性白酒 8ml/ (kg·d) ,对照组给予等量生理盐水 ,1～ 6个月分批处死。原位末端标记法 (TUNEL法 )检测骨细胞凋亡 ,免疫组化检测 p5 3和Bcl 2基因表达。结果　第 2 ,3,6个月 ,实验组出现大量骨细胞凋亡 ,以软骨下区最为明显 ,骨细胞凋亡数明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ;两组间骨细胞Bcl 2基因阳性细胞数、p5 3基因阳性细胞数均有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ,实验组骨细胞Bcl 2基因阳性细胞数与细胞凋亡数成明显负相关性 (r=- 0 75 ,P <0 0 1) ,实验组骨细胞 p5 3基因阳性细胞数与细胞凋亡指数呈明显正相关性 (r=0 6 8,P <0 0 1)。结论　酒精性ANFH中骨细胞存在明显凋亡现象 ,且受 p5 3基因上调与Bcl 2基因下调影响 ,p5 3与Bcl 2共同调节骨细胞凋亡。     

带锁滑动鹅头钉治疗粉碎性股骨转子间骨折的临床研究

为了总结分析运用自行研制的带锁滑动鹅头钉治疗粉碎性股骨转子间骨折的疗效,随机将69例Evan'sⅢ型、Ⅳ型的患者分为两组,一组采用自制带锁滑动鹅头钉治疗(观察组);一组采用DHS治疗(对照组).分别对两组患者的一般资料、手术资料及术后功能恢复情况进行评估比较.结果骨折平均愈合时间观察组为3.65±0.97个月,对照组为4.32±1.38个月,两组比较,术后9个月观察组患侧较健侧平均缩短0.82±0.36cm,对照组平均缩短1.08±0.51cm,两组比较差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05).观察组显效率91.1%,对照组显效率71.1%,两组比较,具有非常显著性差异(P＜0.01).提示带锁滑动鹅头钉治疗粉碎性股骨转子间骨折具有防止骨不连及各种畸形愈合.     

补肾复活汤治疗48例老年股骨颈骨折的疗效观察

目的:探讨补肾复活汤对老年股骨骨颈骨折患者的治疗效果.方法:用补肾复活汤内服治疗老年股骨颈骨折48例,设对照组48例,通过1～6个月的治疗,观察治疗后骨折的愈合情况.结果:治疗组患者折愈合率达64.6%.结论:补肾复活汤有明显改善骨折端的血液循环,促进骨折愈合的作用.     

旋股外侧动脉升支肌骨瓣治疗髋部病损

髋部病变造成的股骨颈骨缺损及股骨头缺血性坏死病例的治疗方法较多。80年代以来,随着显微外科及修复外科的发展,利用带血管蒂的肌骨瓣、骨膜瓣修复髋部病损的新方法开始用于临床[1~3]。作者近6年来采用旋股外侧动脉升支阔筋膜张肌髂骨与骨膜瓣转位治疗髋部病损31例,获得满意效     

The Butterfly Fragment in Wedge‐Shaped Femoral Shaft Fracture: Comparison of Two Different Surgical Methods

ObjectiveOur study compared the results of wedge‐shaped femoral shaft fracture following intramedullary (IM) nailing with or without fixation of the third fragment.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients presenting with femoral shaft fracture with AO/OTA type 32‐B from 2011 to 2016. Patients were divided into two groups: closed reduction without touching the third fragment and open reduction with fixation of the third fragment. The fragment ratio, fragment length, nail size, dynamization or not, mRUST scores, union rate, and union time were compared between the two groups. Risk factors of non‐union were also investigated, including sex, age, fracture pattern, fracture location, dynamization, nail size, fragment ratio, fragment size, and postoperative fragment displacement.ResultsA total of 80 patients met inclusion criteria, 20 patients with wedge‐shaped shaft femoral fracture were managed with IM nailing and open reduction with fixation of the third fragment. Sixty patients were treated with IM nail without touching the third fragment. The union rate for the fixation and non‐fixation groups were 60.0% and 81.7%, respectively. The mean union time for the fixation group was 19 months vs 14 months for the non‐fixation group. Multi‐regression analysis showed larger nail size (odds ratio: 2.26) and fixation of the third fragment (odds ratio: 0.18) influenced fracture healing.ConclusionsFixation of the third fragment in wedge‐shaped shaft femoral fracture results in a longer union time and lower union rate. In the management of femoral fracture with a third fragment, a larger nail size is recommended and fixation should be performed in a closed manner. Fixation of the fragment may achieve better fracture reduction. However, disruption of the vasculature and surrounding structures may further result in nonunion of the fracture site.