Effectiveness of Scapular Stabilization Versus Non-Stabilization Stretching on Shoulder Range of Motion,a Randomized Clinical Trial

BackgroundPrevious research has demonstrated the benefits of both stabilization and non-stabilization of the scapula during stretching in individuals with posterior shoulder tightness, but limited evidence exists in patients with shoulder pain.Hypothesis/PurposeThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of stabilized scapular stretching on patients with shoulder pain. The primary hypothesis of this study is that stabilized scapular stretching will improve glenohumeral motion and pain compared to non-stabilized stretch program. A secondary hypothesis of this study is that stabilized scapular stretching will produce greater improvement in function compared to the non-stabilized stretching program.Study DesignRandomized Clinical TrialMethodsSixteen patients with sub-acromial pain associated with tendinopathy and associated pathologies presenting to physical therapy were randomized into two groups (stabilized or non-stabilized scapular stretching). Baseline pain and range of motion were measured prior to and following each treatment session for three visits that occurred over the course five to seventeen days depending on the patients availability. The dependent measurements were stabilized horizontal adduction, stabilized internal rotation, stabilized shoulder flexion, non-stabilized shoulder flexion, and current pain level.ResultsPatients in the scapular stabilization stretching group increased horizontal adduction 40° (CI₉₅ 31, 48°) compared to the non-stabilization stretching group increase of 8° (CI₉₅ 0, 17°) over the course of the three treatments (p<0.001). Similarly, the stabilized stretching group increased internal rotation 48° (CI₉₅ 26, 69°) compared to the non-stabilized stretching group increase of 26° (CI₉₅ 4, 48°) (p=0.001). Pain decreased in the stabilized stretching group by 1.4 points (CI₉₅ -0.4, 3.2) but increased slightly in non-stabilized group by -0.5 points (CI₉₅ -2.3, 1.3) which was not a clinically meaningful change. (p=0.03)ConclusionStabilized scapular stretching was more effective than non-stabilized stretching at gaining shoulder mobility in patients with shoulder pain. Benefits were immediate and sustained between treatment sessions. Stretching interventions improved range of motion but had limited effect on shoulder pain.Level of Evidence2     

青少年颈椎病的病因病机及预防

青少年颈椎病很少有人研究，笔者在临床中发现高中学生中时有颈椎病发生，比例约占学生总数１５．７９％，年龄均在１５—１９岁间。通过对５００余名高中、小学生的坐姿、睡姿调查发现：学生从小学一年级就开始的铅笔习字和枕高不合标准—使坐姿、睡姿改变—迫使颈椎生理弧度改变—颈部生物力学早期综合性失衡—颈部解剖学、组织学改变—最终出现病理学改变—颈椎病发生。Ｘ线平片证实：学生颈椎病主要是颈椎曲度值改变，与增生关系不大。并针对青少年颈椎病出现的病因病机，提出了一套保健措施，自编《青少年颈部保健操》。希望引起学校、家长、教育、卫生等对青少年颈椎病预防的重视     

肚皮舞操与产褥操对产妇后期体形的影响

目的探讨产后肚皮舞操与产褥操对产妇体形及盆底肌张力恢复的效果。方法对102例志愿参与的顺产产妇,于产后第2天开始进行产褥操锻炼,每1～2天增加1节,共七节,到全部掌握。产后4周末,随机将产妇分为产褥操组和肚皮舞操组。于产后8周末、16周末随访产妇的腰围、臀围、腹部皮褶、体质量指数和盆底肌张力恢复指标。结果两组产妇8周末体形客观状态和盆底肌张力指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而两组产妇16周末体形客观状态和盆底肌张力恢复指标比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论产后后期肚皮舞操比产褥操能更好的恢复产妇的体形和盆底肌张力。     

Core muscle functional strength training for reducing the risk of low back pain in military recruits: An open-label randomized controlled trial

Background: Core muscle functional strength training(CMFST) has been reported to reduce injuries to the lower extremity. However, no study has confirmed whether CMFST can reduce the risk of low back pain(LBP).Objective: This study identified the effects of CMFST on the incidence of LBP in military recruits.Design, setting, participants and intervention: We performed a prospective, open-label, randomized, controlled study in a population of young healthy male naval recruits from a Chinese basic c...     

The Effect of a 2-Year Intervention Consisting of Diet,Physical Exercise,Cognitive Training,and Monitoring of Vascular Risk on Chronic Morbidity—the FINGER Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective

To verify whether a multidomain intervention lowers the risk of developing new chronic diseases in older adults.

Differential Effects of Dietary versus Exercise Intervention on Intrahepatic MAIT Cells and Histological Features of NAFLD

Background: Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells promote inflammation in obesity and are implicated in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, as the intrahepatic MAIT cell response to lifestyle intervention in NAFLD has not been investigated, this work aimed to examine circulating and intrahepatic MAIT cell populations in patients with NAFLD, after either 12 weeks of dietary intervention (DI) or aerobic exercise intervention (EI). Methods: Multicolour flow cytometry was used to immunophenotype circulating and intrahepatic MAIT cells and measure MAIT cell expression (median fluorescence intensity, MFI) of the activation marker CD69 and apoptotic marker CD95. Liver histology, clinical parameters, and MAIT cell populations were assessed at baseline (T0) and following completion (T1) of DI or EI. Results: Forty-five patients completed the study. DI participants showed decreased median (interquartile range) expression of the activation marker CD69 on circulating MAIT cells (T0: 104 (134) versus T1 27 (114) MFI; p = 0.0353) and improvements in histological steatosis grade post-intervention. EI participants showed increased expression of the apoptotic marker CD95, both in circulating (T0: 1549 (888) versus T1: 2563 (1371) MFI; p = 0.0043) and intrahepatic MAIT cells (T0: 2724 (862) versus T1: 3117 (1622) MFI; p = 0.0269). Moreover, the percentage of intrahepatic MAIT cells significantly decreased after EI (T0: 11.1 (14.4) versus T1: 5.3 (9.3)%; p = 0.0029), in conjunction with significant improvements in fibrosis stage and hepatocyte ballooning. Conclusions: These data demonstrate independent benefits from dietary and exercise intervention and suggest a role for intrahepatic MAIT cells in the observed histological improvements in NAFLD.     

Resistance Exercise Training Improves Metabolic and Inflammatory Control in Adipose and Muscle Tissues in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

This study investigates whether ladder climbing (LC), as a model of resistance exercise, can reverse whole-body and skeletal muscle deleterious metabolic and inflammatory effects of high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity in mice. To accomplish this, Swiss mice were fed for 17 weeks either standard chow (SC) or an HF diet and then randomly assigned to remain sedentary or to undergo 8 weeks of LC training with progressive increases in resistance weight. Prior to beginning the exercise intervention, HF-fed animals displayed a 47% increase in body weight (BW) and impaired ability to clear blood glucose during an insulin tolerance test (ITT) when compared to SC animals. However, 8 weeks of LC significantly reduced BW, adipocyte size, as well as glycemia under fasting and during the ITT in HF-fed rats. LC also increased the phosphorylation of Akt_Ser473 and AMPK_Thr172 and reduced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL1-β) contents in the quadriceps muscles of HF-fed mice. Additionally, LC reduced the gene expression of inflammatory markers and attenuated HF-diet-induced NADPH oxidase subunit gp91phox in skeletal muscles. LC training was effective in reducing adiposity and the content of inflammatory mediators in skeletal muscle and improved whole-body glycemic control in mice fed an HF diet.     

How Diet and Physical Activity Modulate Gut Microbiota: Evidence,and Perspectives

Gut microbiota plays a significant role in the maintenance of physiological homeostasis, contributing to human health. Nevertheless, some factors (sex, age, lifestyle, physical activity, drug-based therapies, diet, etc.) affect its composition and functionality, linked to pathologies and immunological diseases. Concerning diet, it interacts with microorganisms, leading to beneficial or detrimental outcomes for the health of host. On the other hand, physical activity is known to be useful for preventing and, sometimes, treating several diseases of cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, respiratory, and muscular systems. This paper focuses on diet and physical activity presenting the current knowledge about how different diets (Western, ketogenic, vegan, gluten free, Mediterranean) as well as different types of exercise (intensive, endurance, aerobic) could shape gut microbiota.     

Effects of Internet-Based Nutrition and Exercise Interventions on the Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenia in the Elderly

Effective nutrition and exercise interventions may improve sarcopenia in the elderly. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effectiveness of Internet-based nutrition and exercise interventions in the elderly with sarcopenia. Participants were divided into 4 groups: control, nutrition, exercise, and comprehensive (nutrition plus exercise) groups; there was at least 50 participants in each group. Our trial lasted 12 weeks. We conducted dietary and exercise interventions through an app and collected feedback from the participants every three weeks. Information on the diet, skeletal muscle mass, and muscle function was collected before and after the interventions. The comprehensive group had higher high-quality protein intake than the control (p = 0.017) and exercise (p = 0.012) groups. After the interventions, we obtained differences in skeletal muscle mass, skeletal muscle mass/height², skeletal muscle mass/weight, muscle mass/BMI, and skeletal muscle mass/body fat percentage (p < 0.05). Changes in average daily energy and total daily protein intakes were not significantly different; however, there was an overall improvement in the intervention groups relative to baseline data. There were no changes in the average daily time of moderate physical activity. The Internet was an effective tool of nutrition intervention in the elderly with sarcopenia. The Internet-based nutrition intervention improved high-quality protein intake and skeletal muscle mass in the elderly with sarcopenia.