Juxta-articular hemangioma of long bone

We report on a rare case of an intraosseous hemangioma involving the proximal tibia in a 70-year-old man. Radiographically, the lesion was a well-defined osteolytic lesion with marginal sclerosis. The CT images demonstrated a well-defined osteolytic lesion with partial cortical breakthrough. T1-weighted MR images showed a hypointense lesion, while T2-weighted images revealed hyperintense areas, with internal, hypointense septa. Gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images showed lattice-like enhancement of the lesion. Received: 28 December 1999 Revision requested: 3 March 2000 Revision received: 23 May 2000 Accepted: 26 May 2000     

High-dose methotrexate therapy of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: lack of relation between serum methotrexate concentration and creatinine clearance.

BACKGROUND: The objectives of this study were: (1) to analyze the relation of serum methotrexate (MTX) concentration with creatinine clearance, (2) to compare the leucovorin rescue dose administered to the patients based on creatinine clearance, with the one calculated according to serum MTX levels, and (3) to determine MTX-related toxicity. PROCEDURE: Thirty children with high-risk non-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated according to the national protocol (PINDA 92) based on ALL BFM 90, were randomized to receive consolidation with four doses of either 1 or 2 g/m(2) MTX as a 24-hr infusion, at 2-week intervals (group M1 and M2, respectively). Serum MTX concentrations were measured at 24, 42, and 48 hr after beginning the infusion and were analyzed retrospectively. The creatinine clearance was calculated after 12-hr intravenous hydration prior to each MTX dose. Leucovorin dosage was adjusted according to creatinine clearance. RESULTS: Serum MTX concentrations at 24, 42, and 48 hr after starting the infusion were not related to creatinine clearance in both treatment groups. Leucovorin rescue administered according to creatinine clearance was excessive in 43% in group M1 and in 51% in group M2, as compared to the dose calculated according to serum MTX levels. No serious clinical complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that creatinine clearance is not a good parameter to calculate leucovorin rescue. MTX-related toxicity in this group of patients receiving a dose of 1 or 2 g/m(2) and rescued with leucovorin without monitoring serum MTX levels was acceptable.     

老人中位硬膜外阻滞初量的推算

目的探讨老人中位硬膜外阻滞初量的个体使用规律。方法≥65岁的中位硬膜外阻滞患者65例,依病人对药物的耐受程度分次注入初量,记录前3次(试验量、分量2、分量3)药量、阻滞平面,计算出相应时点阻滞范围内每个神经节段所需药量,进行相关分析。结果相邻时点前、后阻滞范围内每个神经节段所需药量存在有显著的线性正相关(P<0.01),相关方程依次为y=0.23 1.02x,y=1.61x-0.38。结论老人中位硬膜外阻滞初量的给予中,可依据前次给药时点产生阻滞范围内的每个神经节段所需药量用相关方程推算。     

原发性输尿管肿瘤22例诊断与治疗体会

目的提高原发性输尿管肿瘤的诊断与治疗水平。方法对原发性输尿管恶性肿瘤22例进行回顾性分析,比较各种检查手段。结果随访20例(90.9%),随访时间6个月到7年,死亡8例。结论静脉尿路造影、膀胱镜和逆行肾盂输尿管造影是原发性输尿管恶性肿瘤的基本检查手段;大剂量静脉滴注尿路造影效果更好。肾输尿管全长及膀胱部分切除仍是其主要术式。     

管电压对胸部DR影像质量的影响

目的 研究有效剂量相等条件下不同管电压对胸部DR图像质量的影响。方法 48例病人在90kV、125kV、150kV分别摄取后前位胸片，未经任何处理打印片子，五位资深放射专家采用五分法独立打分评估影像质量；采用Monte—Carlo转换因子估算有效剂量ED（mSv）。结果 绝大多数解剖结构在90千伏时得分最高（平均得分3．10），除了在心影轮廓、气管隆突和外围纹理方面以外，其余部位均有明显统计学差异。结论 有效剂量相等条件下采用较低千伏能获得更好胸部DR影像。     

High dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation as adjuvant therapy for primary breast cancer patients with four or more lymph nodes involved: long-term results of an international randomised trial.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess whether a short course of anthracycline containing chemotherapy followed by high dose therapy with autologous stem-cell support improves disease-free and overall survival as compared with conventional, anthracycline containing chemotherapy, in patients with primary breast cancer and four or more histologically involved lymph nodes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two hundred and eighty one patients entered into a randomised clinical trial were allocated to receive standard, conventional treatment (5-fluorouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide-FEC for six cycles) or FEC for three cycles followed by high dose therapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, thiotepa and carboplatin and stem cell rescue (HDT). To be eligible, patients had to be free of overt metastatic disease and be < or =60 years of age. Analyses were according to intention to treat. RESULTS: At a median follow up of 68 months, 118 patients have experienced a relapse or death from breast cancer (62 in the FEC followed by HDT arm and 56 in the conventional FEC arm) and a total of 100 patients have died (54 in the FEC followed by HDT arm and 46 in the conventional FEC arm). No significant difference was observed in relapse-free survival [hazard ratio 1.06, 95% CI 0.74-1.52, p = 0.76] or overall survival [hazard ratio 1.18, 95% CI 0.80-1.75, p = 0.40]. Five patients died from treatment related causes, three as a consequence of HDT and two in the conventional FEC arm. CONCLUSIONS: At the present time, no benefit has been observed from replacing three cycles of conventional chemotherapy with the HDT regimen described here. Patients should continue to receive conventional chemotherapy as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer.     

Clinical evaluation of ZD6474, an orally active inhibitor of VEGF and EGF receptor signaling, in patients with solid, malignant tumors.

BACKGROUND: ZD6474 selectively inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor. The safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of ZD6474 were assessed in a phase I dose-escalation study of patients with advanced solid tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Adult patients with tumors refractory to standard treatments received once-daily oral ZD6474 (50-600 mg) in 28-day cycles, until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity was observed. RESULTS: Seventy-seven patients were treated at doses of 50 mg (n=9), 100 mg (n=19), 200 mg (n=8), 300 mg (n=25), 500 mg (n=8), and 600 mg (n=8). Adverse events were generally mild, and the most common dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) were diarrhea (n=4), hypertension (n=4), and rash (n=3). The incidence of most adverse events appeared to be dose-dependant. In the 500 mg/day cohort, 3/8 patients experienced DLT and this dose was therefore considered to exceed the maximum tolerated dose. Pharmacokinetic analysis confirmed that ZD6474 was suitable for once-daily oral dosing. CONCLUSIONS: Once-daily oral dosing of ZD6474 at 300 mg/day is generally well tolerated in patients with advanced solid tumors, and this dose is being investigated in phase II trials.     

家犬单剂量和多剂量口服阿昔莫司缓释制剂的药代动力学和生物等效性研究

目的研究阿昔莫司缓释片在家犬体内单剂量和多剂量的药代动力学和生物等效性。方法测定6只家犬单剂量和多剂量口服缓释片和普通胶囊后的血药浓度。结果阿昔莫司的药-时曲线符合非隔室模型。单剂量给药后，缓释片和普通胶囊的AUC分别为(158±30)和(147±37) μg·h·mL^-1；T_max分别为(4.3±0.8)和(2.6±1.3) h；C_max分别为(29±6)和(42±10) μg·mL^-1；T_1/2分别为(2.3±0.7)和(1.60±0.10) h；MRT分别为(6.0±0.8)和(3.9±0.7) h；F_r为(108±16)%。多剂量给药后，缓释片和普通胶囊的AUC分别为(209±23)和(195±26) μg·h·mL^-1；T_max分别为(6.3±0.8)和(3.4±1.5) h；C_max分别为(27±4)和(36±5) μg·mL^-1；Cmin分别为(2.2±1.0)和(0.20±0.20) μg·mL^-1；C_av分别为(8.7±1.0)和(8.1±1.1) μg·mL^-1；FI分别为(293±73)%和(448±91)%；F_r为(114±19)%。结论单剂量实验的双单侧检验结果表明：缓释片和普通胶囊生物等效；缓释片具有良好的缓释效果。多剂量实验结果表明：缓释片和普通胶囊生物等效；缓释片的波动系数优于普通胶囊。     

药品降价和采购调控对我院抗感染药物利用的影响

目的 :探讨药品降价和采购调控对医院抗感染药物利用的影响。方法 :采用回顾性方法对5次降价期间我院抗感染药物的应用情况进行分析。结果 :抗感染药物销售额占药品总销售额的比例逐年下降 ,但抗感染药物总体限定日费用逐年上升 ,各类抗感染药物的用药频度和总体限定日费用呈不同的变化趋势。结论 :宏观的药品降价对抗感染药物的合理应用起到了积极的干预作用 ,但效果远未达到最佳 ;微观的采购调控手段正发挥着不可替代的作用。