ADμC812与MAX6955之间的I2C总线通信实现

文章概括介绍了循环式混合气辅助呼吸装置中央微处理器ADμC812与LED显示控制器件MAX6955之间I2C总线通信的硬件电路、串行接口的数据传输时序、控制串行接口的特殊功能寄存器等设计,并给出了基于汇编语言的相关软件模块.测试结果表明:系统的硬件、软件设计很好地实现了信号的可靠、稳定传输.     

Inverse relationship between serum erythropoietin and blood lead concentrations in Kathmandu tricycle taxi drivers

Objective Kathmandu tricycle taxi drivers, whose environmental lead (Pb) exposure is ascribable mainly to vehicular exhaust, were studied to examine a dose-response relationship between blood Pb (Pb-B) and serum erythropoietin (sEPO) concentrations. Methods Subjects were 27 drivers and 9 non-drivers. They were non-anemic healthy men with normal renal function. Pb-B was measured by an atomic absorption spectrometer with a graphite furnace, and sEPO was determined with a sandwich-type enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results sEPO levels in drivers were lower than those of non-drivers, while Pb-B levels in drivers were higher than those of non-drivers. There was an inverse relationship between Pb-B and sEPO. Conclusions The data suggest that Pb inhibits renal EPO production in a dose-dependent manner in persons with subclinical Pb toxicity. sEPO may serve as an early biochemical marker of subclinical Pb toxicity.     

南昌市公交车司机心理健康状况及影响因素分析

目的探讨南昌市公交车司机的心理健康状况及影响因素。方法采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）对214名南昌市公交车司机的心理状况进行测评,所测数据进行统计学分析。结果公交车司机躯体化、精神病性、阳性项目数SCL-90评分均显著高于全国常模（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）,人际关系SCL-90评分显著低于全国常模（P〈0.01）;女公交车司机原始总分、阳性项目数、抑郁、恐怖SCL-90评分均显著高于男公交车司机（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）;公交车司机初中或以下、高中或中专SCL-90评分与大专或以上比较差异均无统计学意义（P均〉0.05）;已婚公交车司机原始总分、强迫、抑郁、焦虑SCL-90评分均显著高于未婚公交车司机（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）,偏执因子得分显著低于未婚公交车司机（P〈0.01）。结论南昌市公交车司机的心理健康状况低于一般人群。应关注这一特殊人群,及时对其进行心理干预。     

Excitatory cholecystokinin neurons of the midbrain integrate diverse temporal responses and drive auditory thalamic subdomains

The central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) integrates information about different features of sound and then distributes this information to thalamocortical circuits. However, the lack of clear definitions of circuit elements in the ICC has limited our understanding of the nature of these circuit transformations. Here, we combine virus-based genetic access with electrophysiological and optogenetic approaches to identify a large family of excitatory, cholecystokinin-expressing thalamic projection neurons in the ICC of the Mongolian gerbil. We show that these neurons form a distinct cell type, displaying uniform morphology and intrinsic firing features, and provide powerful, spatially restricted excitation exclusively to the ventral auditory thalamus. In vivo, these neurons consistently exhibit V-shaped receptive field properties but strikingly diverse temporal responses to sound. Our results indicate that temporal response diversity is maintained within this population of otherwise uniform cells in the ICC and then relayed to cortex through spatially restricted thalamic subdomains.

Before reaching the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC), auditory information is divided into parallel pathways that extract discrete acoustic features, including loudness, spectral information, and localization cues. Parallel inputs recombine in the ICC, which sends information via the ascending tectothalamic pathway to the primary auditory thalamus (ventral division of the medial geniculate body, vMGB) en route to the cortex. Despite their critical position at the nexus between the brainstem and the forebrain, the role of tectothalamic ICC neurons in integrating input features remains controversial. The lemniscal tectothalamic input is commonly regarded as a single phenotype, failing to account for the anatomical and physiological diversity of ICC neurons. Furthermore, it is unclear if the functional diversity of the ICC is a reflection of input patterns or a reflection of intrinsic properties.Many ICC neurons exhibit responses in vivo that closely resemble inputs from brainstem nuclei carrying spatial information (1–4), suggesting that the ICC collects and reroutes previously processed signals. However, in vivo recordings from guinea pig ICC have shown a continuum in the shape of frequency receptive fields, not the discrete categories that would be expected if responses were merely inherited (5). Although the receptive fields of ICC neurons can resemble those of lower nuclei, intracellular recordings revealed that a complex interplay between inhibitory and excitatory inputs to ICC neurons can also create receptive fields de novo (6, 7). These observations suggest that the ICC does not simply reroute inherited information but instead plays a more transformative role.Morphologically, ICC neurons consist of either cells with disk-shaped dendritic arbors flattened along the plane of the isofrequency laminae, or stellate cells with dendrites running across isofrequency laminae (8–11). However, dendritic morphology appears to correlate little with membrane properties and firing patterns in vitro (12–16) or with in vivo receptive fields (15–17), and it has remained unclear how much intrinsic membrane properties interact with synaptic inputs to shape auditory information.Here we identify an ICC neuron population that forms the major lemniscal excitatory projection to the MGB. These cholecystokinin (CCK) expressing neurons exhibit homogeneous intrinsic firing patterns and synaptic properties in vitro and V-shaped frequency receptive fields in vivo. However, even within this seemingly uniform population, we observed diverse temporal responses to tones in vivo, likely reflecting complexity in both intrinsic and extrinsic connectivity. Our results are consistent with a view of midbrain processing where individual cell types perform diverse processing tasks but mediate the convergence of this information onto specific target areas.     

How much can you drink before driving? The influence of riding with impaired adults and peers on the driving behaviors of urban and rural youth

AIMS: Following an ecological model to specify risks for impaired driving, we assessed the effects of youth attitudes about substance use and their experiences of riding in cars with adults and peers who drove after drinking alcohol or smoking cannabis on the youths' own driving after drinking or using cannabis. DESIGN AND METHODS: Participants were 2594 students in grades 10 and 12 (mean age = 16 years and 2 months; 50% girls) from public high schools in urban (994) and rural communities (1600) on Vancouver Island in British Columbia, Canada; 1192 of these were new drivers with restricted licenses. Self-report data were collected in anonymous questionnaires. Regression analyses were used to assess the independent and interacting effects of youth attitudes about substance use and their experiences of riding in cars with adults or peers who drove after drinking alcohol or smoking cannabis on youth driving. FINDINGS: Youth driving risk behaviors were associated independently with their own high-risk attitudes and experiences riding with peers who drink alcohol or use cannabis and drive. However, risks were highest for the youth who also report more frequent experiences of riding with adults who drink alcohol or use cannabis and drive. CONCLUSIONS: Prevention efforts should be expanded to include the adults and peers who are role models for new drivers and to increase youths' awareness of their own responsibilities for their personal safety as passengers.     

Sleeping Beauty transposon system for genetic etiological research and gene therapy of cancers

Carcinogenesis is etiologically associated with somatic mutations of critical genes. Recently, a number of somatic mutations and key molecules have been found to be involved in functional networks affecting cancer progression. Suitable animal models are required to validate cancer-promoting or -inhibiting capacities of these mutants and molecules. Sleeping Beauty transposon system consists of a transposon that carries gene(s) of interest and a transposase that recognizes, excises, and reinserts genes in given location of the genome. It can create both gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations, thus being frequently chosen to investigate the etiological mechanisms and gene therapy for cancers in animal models. In this review, we summarized current advances of Sleeping Beauty transposon system in revealing molecular mechanism of cancers and improving gene therapy. Understanding molecular mechanisms by which driver mutations contribute to carcinogenesis and metastasis may pave the way for the development of innovative prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against malignant diseases.     

重庆市公交驾驶员睡眠质量及其与职业健康的关系

目的调查重庆市公交车驾驶员的睡眠、疾病、情绪以及职业倦怠状况,分析其睡眠质量与职业健康关系。 方法对重庆市299名公交驾驶员进行一般人口学问卷、STOP-Bang问卷、健康抑郁筛查量表(PHQ-9)、广泛性焦虑障碍筛查量表(GAD-7)、职业倦怠问卷和疲劳驾驶情况调查。依据调查结果,将公交驾驶员分为阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)高风险组(225例)和低风险组(74例),存在失眠症状组(254例)和没有存在睡眠症状组(45例)。 结果公交驾驶员OSAHS高风险组和低风险组在年龄[(41.04±7.92)岁,(37.32±8.45)岁,t＝－3.34]、体重指数(BMI)[(25.37±3.30)kg/m²,(24.18±3.42)kg/m²,t＝－2.63]、高血压病史[24.32%(18/74),3.11%(7/225),χ²＝32.71]、GAD-7评分[(7.32±6.47)分,(2.55±3.76)分,t＝－7.80]、PHQ-9评分[(9.69±7.71)分,(3.56±3.84)分,t＝－9.00]、职业倦怠[50.70%(39/74),23.56%(53/225),χ²＝22.21]和疲劳驾驶[22.97%(17/74),59.11%(133/225),χ²＝29.09]方面差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。公交驾驶员是否存在失眠症状在年龄[(40.82±7.93)岁,(37.78±8.49)岁,t＝－2.24]、GAD-7评分[(11.27±6.71)分,(2.39±3.14)分,t＝－8.71]、PHQ-9评分[(14.71±6.63)分,(3.37±3.38)分,t＝－11.22]、职业倦怠[68.89%(31/45),24.02%(61/254),χ²＝36.14]和疲劳驾驶[24.44%(11/45),54.72%(139/254),χ²＝14.02]方面均差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。对OSAHS风险的影响因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析,BMI(OR＝1.16,95%CI：1.04～1.30)、高血压病史(OR＝16.96,95%CI：5.39～53.34)和PHQ-9评分(OR＝1.19,95%CI：1.05～1.34)为公交驾驶员发生OSAHS的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。 结论公交驾驶员睡眠质量与职业健康有关,高血压、超重和抑郁症状会加重患OSAHS风险,影响睡眠质量。     

出租车驾驶员消化性溃疡51例临床分析

目的 探索出租车驾驶员消化性溃疡的主要致病因素,为其防治提供依据.方法 对98名出租车驾驶员进行电子胃镜检查,根据检查结果分为溃疡组及正常组.然后根据调查问卷对各影响因素进行logistic回归分析.结果 出租车驾驶员消化性溃疡的患病率为52.0％,经logistic回归分析结果显示,就餐是否准时、口味偏辣、饭菜冷热、吸烟、饮酒、精神紧张、幽门螺杆菌(HP)感染及胃病保健知识等因素具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),可能是出租车驾驶员消化性溃疡发病的危险因素.结论 在重视根除HP感染的基础上同样重视饮食结构及生活习惯的调整、精神紧张的调节,将有助于出租车驾驶员消化性溃疡的防治.     

公交车驾驶员纯音听力损伤调查

目的调查公交车驾驶员纯音听力损伤情况,提出防治对策。方法对公交车驾驶员双耳纯音听力的测试结果进行分析。结果在633例公交车司机中,有117人听力损伤,其中双耳高频听力损伤的比例明显高于语频听力损伤比例,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);工龄在10年内听力损伤出现的比例大于其他工龄段(P0.05)。结论噪声影响公交车驾驶员的高频听力,要早期发现职业禁忌症,减少职业性噪声聋的发生。