Wolf-Hirschhorn综合征4例及文献复习

目的　探讨Wolf-Hirschhorn综合征（WHS）临床特征及基因突变。方法　回顾分析2017-11-20—2018-05-26南京医科大学附属儿童医院收治的4例发育延迟及智力低下患儿的临床资料,临床拟诊为WHS。应用染色体微阵列芯片分析技术进行基因检测,并复习相关文献总结疾病特点。结果　2例男性和2例女性患儿因生后特殊面容（希腊头盔样面容）、智力低下、发育延迟、肌张力低下、癫痫,应用染色体微阵列芯片分析技术发现患儿4p16.3区域2.24～3.8 Mb的缺失,确诊WHS,给予抗癫痫及康复治疗并定期随访。结论　尽早完善染色体芯片技术检查有助于早期诊断WHS,且能判断预后。染色体微阵列芯片分析与传统细胞遗传学分析方法相比,具有高分辨和高准确度的优点,可为产前遗传学诊断提供更详细信息。     

Germline mutations predisposing to melanoma

Nearly 15% of melanomas occur in patients with a family history and a subset of these patients have a germline mutation in a melanoma predisposing gene. CDKN2A mutations are responsible for the majority of hereditary melanoma, but many other susceptibility genes have been discovered in recent years, including CDK4, TERT, ACD, TERF2IP, POT1, MITF, MC1R, and BAP1. Additionally, melanoma risk is increased in mixed cancer syndromes caused by mutations in PTEN, BRCA2, BRCA1, RB1, and TP53. While early onset, multiple tumors, and family cancer history remain the most valuable clinical clues for hereditary melanoma, characteristic epithelioid cytology of melanocytic tumors may suggest an underlying BAP1 mutation. Herein, we review the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of melanocytic tumors associated with these germline mutations and discuss the role of genetic counseling.     

Meaningful word acquisition is associated with walking ability over 10 years in Rett syndrome

PurposeTo investigate walking ability in Japanese patients with Rett syndrome (RTT).MethodsWalking ability was assessed in 100 female Japanese patients with RTT using univariate and multivariate analysis in all age groups, and in patients over 10 years of age. We analyzed walking ability and confounding factors including prenatal-perinatal histories, developmental milestones, somatic and head growth, anthropometric data, body mass index, age of loss of purposeful hand use, age at onset of stereotypic hand movement, history of autistic behavior, age at regression, presence or absence of seizures, and the results of MECP2 genetic examination from the Japanese Rett syndrome database.ResultsUnivariate analysis revealed that acquisition of walking in all age groups was significantly correlated with the acquisition of meaningful words, microcephaly, and crawling (P < 0.0001, P = 0.005, P < 0.0001, respectively). Univariate analysis revealed that walking ability over 10 years of age was significantly correlated with acquisition of meaningful words, microcephaly, and body mass index (P < 0,0001, P = 0.005, P = 0.0018, respectively). MECP2 mutations R306C, R133C, and R294X were significantly associated with different acquisition of crawling (P = 0.004) and walking (P = 0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed that only acquisition of meaningful words was significantly correlated with walking ability over 10 years of age. This trend excluded the genetic effects of R306C, R133C, and R294X.ConclusionsMeaningful word acquisition was robustly associated with walking ability over 10 years. Prognosis of walking ability may be predicted by the acquisition of meaningful words. This information is potentially useful for early intervention and the planning of comprehensive treatment for young children with RTT.