Beagle犬药物诱导急性肾损伤模型的研究

目的 建立顺铂诱导的Beagle犬急性肾损伤模型,为开展肾毒性生物标志物研究奠定基础.方法 通过对Beagle犬单次静脉注射3、4和5 mg/kg顺铂,探讨采用顺铂建立急性肾小管损伤模型的给药方案.密切观察动物给药后临床症状,测定不同时间点的传统血清及尿液新型肾损伤生物标志物的动态变化,在试验结束时解剖动物并进行肾脏组...     

Association Between Pet Ownership and the Sensitization to Pet Allergens in Adults With Various Allergic Diseases

Purpose

As pet ownership increases, sensitization to animal allergens due to domestic exposure is a concern. Sensitization to animal allergens may occur from indirect exposure, as well as direct ownership of animals. However, there have been conflicting results regarding the association between pet ownership and sensitization to animal allergens in adults.

Methods

In total, 401 patients with various allergic diseases were enrolled in this study. We performed skin prick tests with 55 common inhalant and food allergens, including dog, cat, and rabbit allergens. A mean wheal diameter of 3 mm or greater was considered a positive reaction. The exposure modality to each animal allergen was investigated using a questionnaire and included present ownership, past ownership, occupational exposure, occasional exposure, contact with pet owner, and no contact. Present ownership, past ownership, occupational, and occasional exposure were regarded as direct exposure.

Results

The sensitization rate for animal allergens was 20.4% for dog, 15.0% for cat, and 9.0% for rabbit. Direct exposure to dogs (72.0%) was significantly higher than that of other animals (18.4% for cats and 16.7% for rabbits), whereas ''no contact'' with cats (78.3%) and rabbits (83.3%) was significantly higher than with dogs (26.8%; P<0.0001). Independent risk factors for sensitization to animal allergens were sensitization to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (OR=2.4, P=0.052), Dermatophagoides farinae (OR=5.1, P<0.001), cat (OR=4.4, P<0.0001), and direct exposure to dogs (OR=1.5, P=0.029) for dog, and sensitization to dog (OR=4.4, P<0.0001) and rabbit (OR=2.6, P=0.036) for cats. Finally, for rabbits, the independent risk factor was sensitization to Alternaria (OR=6.0, P<0.002).

Conclusions

These results suggest that direct exposure to dogs contributes to the sensitization to dog allergens in patients with allergic diseases, whereas indirect exposure to cats and rabbits may induce sensitization to each animal''s allergen.     

广东省河源市龙川县紫市镇猫、犬、猪、鼠寄生虫感染情况调查

目的了解广东省河源市龙川县猫、犬、猪、鼠寄生虫感染情况，为人体寄生虫病防治工作提供科学依据。方法采用生理盐水直接涂片法和清水自然沉淀集卵法，检查猫、犬、猪、鼠粪便，查找寄生虫虫卵。结果调查猫、犬、猪、鼠粪便271份，检出寄生虫卵89份，寄生虫总感染率为32．84％。以猫、犬寄生虫感染率最高。寄生虫感染度以猫粪中的曼氏迭宫绦虫最高，平均每张玻片检出虫卵580个。检出寄生虫卵6种：钩虫卵、蛔虫卵、鞭虫卵、曼氏迭宫绦虫卵、长膜壳绦虫卵和姜片虫卵。猫、犬、猪、鼠各种寄生虫感染情况，以钩虫、蛔虫、鞭虫和曼氏迭宫绦虫感染多见。猪感染寄生虫种类最多。结论广东省河源市龙川县紫市镇猫、犬、猪、鼠寄生虫感染情况比较严重，以猫、犬为甚。寄生虫感染种类较多，提示当地人群也可能有同类寄生虫感染，应引起当地政府和卫生防疫部门的高度重视。     

Electrographic Correlates of Adequate and Erroneous Responses Evoked by Conditioned Signals of Different Functional Signs During Operant Learning in Dogs

Power spectra over the frequency range 1–225 Hz in short-term (less than 1 sec) EEG reactions arising in different areas of the cerebral cortex in response to presentation of differential signals were investigated in dogs during operant feeding behavior in conditions of both adequate and erroneous responses. The energy levels of these reactions decreased several-fold as compared with responses to positive signals, mainly because of frequencies in the high-frequency range (90–225 Hz), where power was greater than not only the traditional range of 1–30 Hz, but also the gamma range of 30–80 Hz. The frequency composition of EEG reactions in adequate responses was determined by a series of discrete frequency subgroups belonging predominantly to the high-frequency band. In erroneous reactions, the discrete structure of the corresponding EEG reactions was lost. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 54, No. 5, pp. 673–687, September–October, 2004.     

二种途径灌注5-FU犬头颈部药物浓度的变化比较

目的:比较不同方法灌注5-FU后,犬舌及颌下淋巴结组织内的药物浓度。方法 :16只健康家犬称重后随机分为A组(舌动脉给药)和B组(股静脉给药)。分别行经舌动脉及股静脉持续24 h灌注5-FU。在12、24 h采集2组灌注侧舌体组织及下颌下淋巴结。反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)检测以上采集组织标本中5-FU含量。结果:全麻状态下,犬能耐受24 h舌动脉持续灌注5-FU并保持生命体征平稳。舌动脉灌注组舌体组织及颌下淋巴结内5-FU浓度,明显高于股静脉给药组。结论:5-FU舌动脉持续灌注后,舌及下颌下淋巴结的药物浓度均明显高于股静脉持续灌注。     

淫羊藿次苷对犬颌骨间充质干细胞增殖与成骨分化的影响

目的 研究淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ（Icarisid Ⅱ,ICSII）对体外培养的比格犬颌骨间充质干细胞（alveolar bone-derived stem cells, AMSCs）增殖与成骨分化的影响。方法 取比格犬颌骨骨片,体外分离培养出dAMSCs,传代至第4代,做多向分化鉴定。以10^-5、10^-6、10^-7、10^-8、10^-9 mol/L浓度的ICSII刺激dAMSCs后,取1、3、5、7 d的细胞,分别用CCK-8及碱性磷酸酶（ALP）试剂盒检测dAMSCs的增殖及ALP活性;用10^-6 mol/L的ICSII处理dAMSCs后14 d,作ALP染色,21 d时作茜素红染色,以判断ICSII对细胞分化及矿化能力的影响。在成骨诱导及10^-6 mol/L的ICSII药物诱导第4、8天后,用蛋白免疫印迹试验分析成骨相关蛋白OSX、Runx-2及OCN的表达量;在诱导第6天时,利用RT-PCR分析成骨相关基因OSX、bFGF、Runx-2及OCN的表达情况。采用SPSS 22.0软件包进行统计分析。结果 原代培养的dAMSCs贴壁生长,呈梭形,具备多向分化能力;ICSII在不同浓度下均可促进dAMSCs的增殖,其ALP活性亦有提高,且在实验浓度时可观察到钙结节形成。各成骨相关基因在ICSII诱导后表达量有不同程度增加,均高于完全培养基组。随着时间延长,加药组Runx-2蛋白表达量有所下降, OCN蛋白表达量逐渐增多,与对照组差距加大;OSX的蛋白表达量虽高于对照组,但无统计学差异。结论 ICSII可促进dAMSCs的增殖及成骨分化。     

乌司他丁对严重烧伤犬早期血浆容量及脏器血管通透性的影响

目的观察烧伤休克期早期给予乌司他丁对全身血浆容量和脏器血管通透性的影响。方法采用成年Beagle犬35%TBSAⅢ度模型,随机分为两组:(1)对照组(C组):烧伤后不予治疗;(2)乌司他丁组(U组):伤后半小时按10 000 U/kg静脉注射乌司他丁。于烧伤前和烧伤后2、4、68、h抽血检测血细胞比容(HCT)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量;用吲哚菁绿法测定各时间点血浆容量。8 h后处死动物,用伊文思蓝法测脏器血管通透性及干湿重法测脏器含水率。结果两组HCT、TNF-α和MDA伤后均升高,但U组升高幅度明显小于C组,两组之间有显著统计学差异(P<0.01或P<0.05);两组血浆容量伤后均下降,但U组自伤后2 h开始,血浆容量明显高于C组(P<0.01)[U组4 h和8 h分别为(515±25)ml和(491±29)ml,而C组为(432±18)ml和(366±37)ml];伤后8 h U组肝、脾、肾、空肠的伊文思蓝(EB)含量及含水率均明显低于C组(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论烧伤休克期早期给予乌司他丁能有效缓解伤后循环血量的快速丢失,降低远隔脏器的血管通透性,减轻脏器损害及水肿程度。     

远端胃大部切除术后不同消化道重建方式对糖耐量及胰岛素反应的对比研究

目的评估远端胃大部切除术后连续性空肠间置对餐后血糖和胰岛素的影响。方法将38只比格犬行远端胃大部切除术,根据不同消化道重建方式分为连续间置组（9只）、毕Ⅰ组（6只）、毕Ⅱ组（7只）、孤立间置组（8只）和对照组（8只）。通过口服糖耐量试验检测各组实验犬血糖和胰岛素水平的变化。结果与对照组相比,葡萄糖灌注后各消化道重建组血糖均显著升高,60min达到峰值．尤以毕Ⅱ组升高最为显著：之后血糖开始回落．以毕Ⅱ组回落最为缓慢。与对照组相比．葡萄糖灌注后各消化道重建组胰岛素水平均显著升高．60min达到峰值．但毕Ⅱ组升高不如其他3组显著。结论保留十二指肠食物通道（连续空肠间置、毕Ⅰ和孤立间置）有利于缓和远端胃大部分切除术后餐后血糖的波动．并提高相应胰岛素水平：对于胃大部切除术后不能行毕Ⅰ重建者．可优先考虑行连续性空肠间置。     

高+Gz负荷下犬心血管系统反应特性

目的探讨犬＋Ｇｚ负荷中、负荷后心电图、动脉血压反应特性。方法将压力传感器导管置于６只麻醉犬的升主动脉和髂总动脉,以测量犬暴露于＋１Ｇｚ、＋３Ｇｚ、＋５Ｇｚ、＋７Ｇｚ的血压,并采用Ａ导联持续监测心电图。结果（１）Ｐ波高度受＋Ｇｚ负荷的影响,负荷前、后１ｍｉｎ内差异显著（＋Ｇｚ负荷前Ｐ波２．３±０．２ｍＶ,＋３Ｇｚ后４．５±０．５ｍＶ,＋５Ｇｚ后４．８±０．３ｍＶ,＋７Ｇｚ后５．３±０．７ｍＶＰ＜０．０５）。（２）高＋Ｇｚ负荷时,髂总动脉血压表现为平均动脉压增高,脉压减低。（３）＋Ｇｚ终止后,升主动脉血压（ＡＰ）出现一过性增高（＋７Ｇｚ前ＡＰ１７．２９±５．５９／１１．３１±３．８６ｋＰａ,＋７Ｇｚ后第３０ｓ２７．５３±６．１２／２０．６２±１．８６ｋＰａ,Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论Ｐ波高度的变化反映心房移位,这可能是心律失常的原因。在高＋Ｇｚ负荷条件下,心血管功能不全,组织灌注压是一个重要的生理参数。＋Ｇｚ负荷终止后即刻,动脉血压极度增高,为血管性衰竭的表现