Detection of an allergen in dog dander that cross-reacts with the major cat allergen, Fel d 1

BACKGROUND: A considerable proportion of animal-allergic patients are sensitized to both cat and dog allergens but knowledge about cross-reactive allergens in cat and dog dander is limited. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether dog dander contains an allergen that cross-reacts with the major cat allergen, Fel d 1. METHODS: Recombinant Fel d 1 with the same immunological properties as natural Fel d 1 was used for quantitative (CAP) IgE competition experiments performed with sera obtained from cat-allergic patients (n=36). A Fel d 1 cross-reactive dog allergen was characterized by one- and two-dimensional immunoblotting using rFel d 1 for IgE inhibition experiments and with monospecific, polyclonal rabbit anti-recombinant Fel d 1 antibodies. RESULTS: In 25% of Fel d 1-reactive cat-allergic patients, more than 50% inhibition of IgE reactivity to dog allergens was achieved with recombinant Fel d 1. An Fel d 1 cross-reactive 20 kDa allergen with a pI of approximately 3.4 was detected in dander extracts of several different dog breeds. CONCLUSION: This is the first report demonstrating the presence of an Fel d 1-like allergen in dog dander extracts, which may be responsible for double positivity to cat and dog in serology. However, the clinical relevance of this cross-sensitization needs to be confirmed. These results are important for the diagnostic and therapeutic use of dog dander allergen extracts.     

甲磺酸法舒地尔对犬脑血管痉挛的扩张作用

目的：观察法舒地尔的酸根改构体甲磺酸法舒地尔对犬脑血管痉挛的舒张作用以及对脑血流量的调节。方法：采用犬十二指肠插管给予麦角胺咖啡目制作大脑血管痉挛模型，用电磁流量计测定颈内动脉血流量，椎动脉血流量。结果：（1）甲磺酸法舒地尔0．35，1．2，3．5mg·kg^-1给药后可依剂量地降低脑血管阻力，增加脑血流量，作用持续2h以上；最大流量增加值与模型对照组比较可达27％；（2）甲磺酸法舒地尔3．5mg·kg^-1给药后可使股动脉血管阻力降低，股动脉血流量升高；最大流量增加值与模型组对照比较可达16％。结论：甲磺酸法舒地尔对犬痉挛脑血管有扩张作用，可明显降低脑血管阻力，增加脑血流量。     

胸腔弹片伤3种犬模型的比较和早期救治

INTRODUCTION With the development of modern weapons, there have been an increasing number of wounds of shell, grenade and landmine. It has been reported that in modern wars thoracic shell wounds were more frequently seen than thoracic gunshot wounds.     

异氟烷预处理对犬心肺转流术相关肺损伤的影响

目的研究异氟烷预处理对心肺转流术（CPB）相关肺损伤的影响。方法12只犬（10kg～18kg），戊巴比妥钠（25mg／kg，iv）麻醉后行股动静脉穿刺、颈外静脉放置飘浮导管、气管插管行机械通气，建立监测（心电图、血流动力学、鼻咽温和气体）后开胸肝素化行主动脉、左右心房插管，操作完成后将动物稳定15min，记录基础值。随后动物被随机分为两组（n=6）。对照组（C组）为空白组；异氟烷预处理组（ISO组）在CPB前吸入1．39％（1．0MAC）异氟烷30min。所有动物行CPB 100 min，其中主动脉和肺动脉阻断60min，维持鼻咽温28℃～30℃。CPB后150min取左下肺对应肺组织标本用于丙二醛（MDA）、多形核粒细胞（PMNs）计数和湿／干重比（WDR）的测定。结果两组间血流动力学参数、MDA及WDR差异无统计学意义。C组的PMNs计数在CPB后150min比ISO组高，差异有统计学意义（P=0．036）。结论异氟烷预处理可减轻CPB结束后早期PMNs的肺内聚集。     

Tokelau: a unique low allergen environment at sea level

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that children in Tokelau have a lower prevalence of asthma and atopy compared to Tokelauan children resident in New Zealand. We hypothesized that the low asthma and atopy prevalence in Tokelau may be associated with low indoor allergen levels. METHODS: Dust was collected from bedding and floors of 76 homes and four public buildings in Tokelau and from the homes of 30 Tokelauan families in Wellington, New Zealand. Dust samples were analysed for Der p 1, Der f 1, Can f 1, Fel d 1, Bla g 2 and Blo t 5 by ELISA, and for endotoxin by a kinetic amoebocyte lysate assay. RESULTS: Der p 1 levels were over 1000-fold lower in Tokelau compared to New Zealand, geometric mean levels were 0.04 and 47.0 microg/g in beds and 0.04 and 44.7 microg/g on floors, respectively. Can f 1 and Fel d 1 levels were also significantly lower in Tokelau. Bed endotoxin levels were significantly higher in Tokelau, geometric mean: 26 736 EU (endotoxin units)/g, compared to 5181 EU/g in New Zealand. Floor endotoxin levels were similar between the two countries. CONCLUSION: The very low indoor allergen levels in homes in Tokelau compared to much higher levels in New Zealand homes provides a logical explanation for the lower prevalence of asthma and atopy in Tokelau, compared to New Zealand.     

双支撑骨柱移植治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的生物力学研究

为探讨双支撑骨柱移植术能否有效恢复股骨头活力及其正常生物力学性能,取家犬用液氮冷冻法制作单侧ANFH模型,在ANFH修复期模型上,行双支撑骨柱移植术,在万能材料实验机采用点压技术进行生物力学测定.结果显示:①股骨头软骨下骨的压缩强度和平均弹性模量(MPa):A组治疗侧分别为29.44±3.02和319.61±42.68,正常侧分别为30.18±3.54和336.26±48.35;B组坏死侧分别为17.83±2.54和192.08±5.89,正常侧分别为29.65±3.04和343.22±44.97.②股骨头松质骨的压缩强度和平均弹性模量(MPa):A组治疗侧分别为20.64±2.78和323.58±48.92,正常侧分别为23.09±2.54和347.57±56.38;B组坏死侧分别为11.83±1.98和204.11±35.8,正常侧分别为24.87±1.72和341.63±51.07.A组两侧差异均无显著性(P＞0.05),B组两侧差异均有高度显著性(P＜0.01),A组治疗侧与B组坏死侧差异均有高度显著性(P＜0.01).表明双支撑骨柱移植术能有效恢复股骨头的正常生物力学功能.     

用创伤评分对犬颌面部爆炸伤预后的预测效果分析

目的　分析创伤评分对颌面部爆炸伤预后的预测作用。方法　采用雷管爆炸和钢珠弹使犬面部致伤 ,并严格控制受伤部位和范围。观察致伤局部伤情并记录动物伤后的生理变化 ,分析生理和解剖评分对爆炸伤预后的预测作用。结果　有 1/ 3的动物在致伤后最终死亡 ,死亡组动物的院前指数 (PHI)较存活组高 ,而两组的简明损伤定级 (AIS)值相同 ,提示不应单纯依赖AIS作为面部爆炸伤严重度的评估指标。结论　在对面部爆炸伤的创伤评分中 ,应综合应用生理评分和AIS分析创伤预后并指导临床救治     

Assessment of recombinant dog allergens Can f 1 and Can f 2 for the diagnosis of dog allergy

BACKGROUND: The use of recombinant allergens for the diagnosis and immunotherapy of allergy may offer several advantages over allergen extracts. OBJECTIVE: To produce recombinant dog allergens Can f 1 and Can f 2 in Pichia pastoris yeast and to assess their suitability for the diagnosis of dog allergy. METHODS: Clinically diagnosed dog-allergic patients' and healthy non-atopic dog owners' reactivities against recombinant Can f 1 and Can f 2 and commercial dog epithelial extract were studied by a panel of methods including skin prick test (SPT), ELISA and IgE immunoblotting. RESULTS: Recombinant Can f 1 and Can f 2 were found immunologically functional: they bound dog-allergic patients' IgE in immunoblotting and inhibited specifically the binding of IgE to their natural counterparts in the dog allergen extract. Moreover, patients' IgE reactivity in immunoblotting to natural Can f 1 and their SPT with the recombinant allergen were perfectly concordant (phi coefficient 1.0, P<0.001). The concordance was slightly lower with recombinant Can f 2 (phi coefficient 0.92, P<0.001). A lower number of dog-allergic patients, 52%, reacted against Can f 1 than previously reported. About one-third of the patients reacted to Can f 2. In immunoblotting, the highest prevalence of reactivity, 60%, was directed to an 18 kDa component. Aminoterminal sequencing showed this to be a previously unidentified allergenic protein. CONCLUSIONS: The recombinant allergens can be used reliably to identify Can f 1 and Can f 2-sensitized individuals. However, the two allergens are insufficient as reagents for diagnosing dog allergy.     

肛门电刺激对狗直肠顺应性及张力的影响

目的研究低频长脉冲肛门电刺激(AES)括约肌对狗直肠顺应性、张力和直肠肛门抑制反射(RAIF)的影响。方法9只健康狗参加3次实验研究。肛门括约肌压力(ASP)以每秒收缩曲线下面积来表达。直肠张力是在压力控制模型下测定。直肠的顺应性在以压力渐增的相性气囊扩张模型下测定。AES是通过安装在测压管上的一对环状电极进行。结果AES期间的RAIF最低阈容量[(27.5±0.9)ml]显著高于无AES的对照期[(22.5±1.9)ml](P<0.05)。用45ml气体扩张气球时,AES期和对照期的ASP下降百分比在两者间差异无统计学意义。与基础对照相比,AES显著降低P1/2值[(11.1±1.5)比(16.7±1.1),P<0.05]和κ值[(11.6±2.5)比(20.5±2.6)mmHg,P=0·0095],表示AES增高了直肠的顺应性,但对直肠张力无明显改变。结论肛门内应用低频长脉冲电刺激可使健康狗的ASP增加。AES能增加直肠的顺应性,但不改变直肠的张力,且RAIF仍完全保留。     

Antithrombotic efficacy of MV1 serine protease in a canine model of unstable angina

Objective To determine the antiplatelet and antithrombotic efficacies of MV1 serine protease on coronary arterial thrombosis in a canine model of unstable angina.Methods Pentobarbital-anesthetized Beagles(total of 30)were used in which acute damage of the proximal left circumflex coronary artery,together with mechanical stenosis,produced the phenomenon of cyclic flow reduction(CFR)in the Folts model of unstable angina.When the platelet plug was removed by rubbing the vessel,the occlusion returned reproducibly for at least 3 hours in control studies.To evaluate the antithrombotic efficacy of MV1,CFR was first established over a period of one hour,thereafter,MV1(0.3,0.6 mg·kg-1 i.v.bolus),Batroxobin(0.3 BU·kg-1 i.v.bolus),Tirofiban(40 μg·kg-1,i.v.bolus),or vehicle was administered and observations continued for two additional hours.Platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate(ADP),arachidonic acid(AA),collagen(CG)was measured by the method of born,and thrombin time(TT),prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT)and fibrinogen(Fbg)were measured using coagulation methods,bleeding time was measured according to previous described methods.Results MV1 dramatically inhibited the frequency of CFR dose-dependently and the frequency of CFR decreased by 65%,80% respectively at 1 h than that in control group's after MV1 0.3,0.6 mg·kg-1 administration,further more the frequency decreased by 75%,90% respectively at 2 h.MV1 eliminated thrombus formation in 5 of 6 dogs at 0.6 mg·kg-1,and the time for CFR absolute disappearances of MV1 at a dose of 0.6 mg·kg-1 was shortened to 5±2 min(the time was more than 120 min in all dogs of control group).Platelet aggregation induced by ADP,AA,CG was inhibited effectively by MV1 0.3,0.6 mg·kg-1 TT,PT prolonged gently after MV1 administration,and MV1 produced an approximate 40% degradation of Fbg,but MV1 did not have any effects on APTT.There was a tendency for prolonged bleeding time with MV1 administration.Conclusions These studies showed that as a novel serine protease,MV1 provides favorable antithrombotic activity in vivo with inhibition of platelet aggregation and fibrinogenolytic activity.The results indicated that MV1 has reliable therapeutical efficacy on unstable angina pectoris.