Intra‐Aortic Balloon Shape Change: Effects on Volume Displacement During Inflation and Deflation

It has been observed that operating the intra‐aortic balloon at an angle to the horizontal resulted in a reduction of the volume displaced toward the coronary arteries and compromised afterload reduction. Therefore, the aim of this work is to examine whether changing the current balloon shape, which has not been altered for 40 years, could compensate for the negative hemodynamic effects due to angulation. We tested two tapered balloons, increasing diameter (TID) and decreasing diameter (TDD), and compared the results with those obtained from a standard cylindrical balloon. The balloons were tested in vitro at 60 beats/min and a static pressure of 90 mm Hg. The balloons were operated at four angles (0°, 20°, 30°, 45°), and the pressure at three locations along the balloon (base, middle, and tip) was also measured. Flow rate upstream of the tip of the balloon was also measured to indicate the flow displaced toward the coronary circulation. The relative volume displaced toward (VUTVi) and suctioned away from (VUTVd) the simulated ascending aorta, during inflation and deflation, respectively, is reduced when a standard cylindrical balloon is operated at an angle to the horizontal. The TDD provided the greatest VUTVi and also produced the largest pulse pressure during deflation. Although the TID provided less VUTVi and VUTVd at smaller angles, it was not markedly affected by the change of angle. According to these results, different balloon shapes analyzed, with comparable volume to that of a cylindrical balloon, produced greater inflation and deflation benefits, at the horizontal and at a range of angles to the horizontal. Further investigations are required to optimize the shape of the tapered balloons to fit into the available physiological space.     

改良腰椎板截骨回植治疗失稳性腰椎间盘突出症

目的：评价改良腰椎板截骨回植在失稳性腰椎间盘突出症中的疗效。方法：2009年3月至2011年8月对63例失稳性腰椎间盘突出症的患者行髓核摘除＋椎间融合＋椎弓根螺钉内固定＋改良腰椎板截骨回植手术,男33例,女30例;年龄22～68岁,平均48．4岁;病程3个月～13年,平均38．8个月。患者均有不同程度的腰腿疼痛,x线片、CT及MR检查诊断为失稳性腰椎间盘突出症。观测手术前后ODI和JOA评分、并发症发生率、影像学回植椎板愈合率及腰腿痛复发率。结果：62例患者切口I期愈合,1例11期愈合,无下肢深静脉血栓及椎间隙感染等并发症出现。61倒获1年或以上随访,平均随访时间33个月。术中神经损伤发生2例,硬膜囊损伤发生1例;术后1年回植椎板愈合58例：腰痛复发4例,腿痛复发1例。术后2周、6、12个月的ODI及JOA评分显著优于术前（P〈0．05）。结论：改良椎板截骨回植术治疗失稳性腰椎间盘突出症具有较低的术中神经硬膜囊损伤率和腰腿痛复发率、较高的椎板愈合率和较好的临床评分,是一种安全、有效的新方法,为临床失稳性腰椎间盘突出症手术开辟了一种新的术式。     

Inducible displacements of the cup and the femoral head during active range of motion: Dynamic RSA studies of cemented total hip replacements

We evaluated changes in position of the femoral head relative to the cup and of the cup relative to the pelvis in total hip replacement patients during hip motion 2 years postoperatively. Two patient groups with nine patients in each group were studied. Hip motions, translations of the femoral head center, and cup displacements were recorded with dynamic radiostereometric examination (RSA, 2 exposures/s) during abduction in Group 1 and with use of static RSA exposures at increasing flexion of the hip in Group 2. Conventional radiographic examinations were used to evaluate any radiolucent lines around the cups at 2 years. During active abduction the femoral head center moved medially (median 0.04 mm) and the cup tilted anteriorly (median 0.09 mm). Increments in radiolucent lines at 2 years correlated to medial femoral head penetration, posterior tilt, and retroversion of the cup at 20° of abduction. The extension of radiolucent lines at 2 years showed a positive correlation with proximal inducible displacement of the cup and posterior translation of the femoral head center at maximum hip flexion. Our observations may be of value in understanding the pathogenesis of the loosening process and may be used to facilitate the development of prosthetic designs that optimize hip kinematics. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1686–1693, 2013     

Spotlight通道系统与显微内窥镜椎间盘切除术治疗腰椎椎间盘突出症临床对比

目的比较Spotlight通道系统和显微内窥镜椎间盘切除术(microendoscopic discectomy,MED)技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床应用特点及疗效。方法 2011年3月～2012年3月收治的椎间盘突出症选择微创治疗患者40例,其中男26例,女14例;年龄26～58岁,平均41.7岁。患者随机分入Spotlight通道系统和MED技术治疗组,2组患者基本资料经统计学分析差异无统计学意义。对2组患者手术时间、术中出血量、手术切除的骨与韧带组织量、平均住院时间、并发症发生情况以及手术前、术后6个月随访时腰腿痛视觉模拟量表(visual analog scale,VAS)评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)进行对比分析。结果 2组患者均获得随访。Spotlight组和MED组的手术时间分别为(53.2±11.4)min和(78.1±12.5)min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组术中出血量、切除的骨与韧带量、平均住院时间、并发症发生情况的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。同组术后6个月VAS评分、ODI与术前相比明显改善(P<0.05);手术前后2组之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 Spotlight通道系统是"直视下的微创"手术方式之一,具有与MED近似的临床疗效,且其由于操作灵活具有更为广泛的适应证,更易为脊柱外科医师所掌握。     

Mast Quadrant微创通道与开放式经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合术的临床比较

目的 比较Mast Quadrant微创通道与开放式经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合术（transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,TLIF）治疗腰椎椎间盘突出症伴节段性不稳的临床疗效.方法 回顾分析行TLIF手术治疗的65例腰椎椎间盘突出伴节段不稳的临床资料,根据手术方式分为行传统TLIF的开放组（44例）及使用Mast Quadrant通道行TLIF手术的微创组（21例）.比较微创组与开放组出血量、手术时间、住院时间以及手术前后的视觉模拟量表（visual analog scale,VAS）评分和日本骨科学会（Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA）评分.结果 微创组围手术期出血量、手术时间以及住院天数均较开放手术组少（短）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.2组末次随访时疼痛VAS和JOA评分均较术前有改善,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.2组之间疼痛VAS评分比较,差异亦有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论与传统开放手术相比较,应用Mast Quadrant通道不但同样能够完成椎管减压、椎间植骨融合、椎弓根螺钉内固定等操作,还具有切口小、出血少、住院时间短、术后恢复快、发生下腰痛概率低等优点,是手术治疗腰椎椎间盘突出症伴节段不稳更好的选择.     

经微创通道精确开窗治疗腰椎椎间盘突出症

目的比较腰椎椎间盘突出症经微创通道精确开窗与经传统开放入路行单纯髓核摘除术的中期临床疗效。方法 2009年12月—2012年5月,南京医科大学附属苏州医院收治的腰椎椎间盘突出症患者72例,其中经微创通道手术(A组)38例,传统开放手术(B组)34例,术后经过≥36个月的随访;统计手术相关参数和并发症,影像学判断脊柱稳定性,采用疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、日本骨科学会(JOA)评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)和Spangfort标准对患者进行评估,了解微创通道下精确开窗髓核摘除术的优越性。结果 A组平均手术切口长度和出血量与B组相比,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);B组出现椎间隙定位错误2例,腰椎不稳1例,其余并发症2组相似。2组患者所有术后评分均较术前显著改善;各随访时间点B组腰痛VAS评分均显著高于A组;腿痛VAS评分组内和组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后JOA评分和ODI随着随访时间延长,功能逐渐改善,组内各随访时间点之间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);组间比较,A组术后评分优于B组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。按Spangfort评分标准,A组"优"的比例显著高于B组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论微创通道下精确开窗髓核摘除术,在对椎间隙进行有效处理的同时可以很好地保护脊柱的稳定性,并去除合并骨性压迫的因素,进一步提高了单纯髓核摘除术的临床疗效。     

经椎间孔入路经皮内窥镜下腰椎椎间盘切除术治疗腰椎椎间盘突出症的研究进展

正腰椎椎间盘突出症(LDH)是脊柱外科的常见病和多发病。大部分LDH患者可通过非手术治疗达到一定临床疗效,但仍有部分患者经正规的非手术治疗后,其症状未见明显改善,需行手术治疗。目前手术治疗方法分为传统开放手术和微创手术两大类。与传统开放手术相比,微创手术具有创伤小、出血少、手术时间短、费用低、住院天数少、术后恢复快、并发症少等优点。近20年来,随着微创理念的推广和手术器械的改进,经椎间孔入路经皮内窥     

零切迹颈椎前路融合固定系统与传统融合器钢板内固定系统治疗单节段颈椎间盘突出症的病例对照研究

目的 :比较零切迹颈前路椎间融合固定系统(Zero-p)与传统钛板联合cage融合内固定术治疗单节段颈椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法:对2011年8月至2014年3月接受颈前路椎间盘切除植骨融合内固定术的139例单节段颈椎间盘突出症患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据已采取的不同术式分为A,B两组,其中A组63例,行前路椎间盘切除与Zero-P融合内固定;B组76例,行前路椎间盘切除椎间cage融合与钢板内固定。分别于手术前后对患者进行JOA评分、Odom功能评级;采用电视透视吞咽研究(videofluorographic swallowing study,VFSS)评估患者椎前软组织厚度;采用Bazaz吞咽困难分级评估患者术后吞咽困难的发生率。术后12个月时采用颈椎正侧位X线及CT检查评估植骨融合情况,采用MRI检查评估临近节段退变情况。比较两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、手术前后JOA评分、Odom评级及VFSS中的椎前软组织厚度、术后患者吞咽困难发生率(Bazas评分)、椎体间融合率、邻近节段退变发生率。结果:手术前后两组患者的JOA评分、Odom功能评级差异比较无统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者术前VFSS中的椎前软组织厚度比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者手术时间及术中出血量比较差异无统计学意义。两组患者VFSS中的椎前软组织厚度、吞咽困难发生率在术后第2天,术后3、6个月及末次随访时差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后1年所有患者获植骨融合,两组融合率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组8例(12.7%)出现邻近节段退变,B组19例(25%)出现临近节段退变,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:应用零切迹颈椎前路椎间融合固定系统和传统钛板联合cage融合内固定治疗单节段颈椎间盘突出症均可取得满意疗效,前者术后吞咽困难和临近节段退变发生率较低,中长期疗效有待进一步观察。