The evolution of a purpose designed hybrid trauma operating room from the trauma service perspective: The RAPTOR (resuscitation with angiography percutaneous treatments and operative resuscitations)

Traumatic injury is the leading cause of potentially preventable lost years of life in the Western world and exsanguination is the most potentially preventable cause of post-traumatic death. With mature trauma systems and experienced trauma centres, extra-abdominal sites, such as the pelvis, constitute the most frequent anatomic site of exsanguination. Haemorrhage control for such bleeding often requires surgical adjuncts most notably interventional radiology (IR). With the usual paradigm of surgery conducted within an operating room and IR procedures within distant angiography suites, responsible clinicians are faced with making difficult decisions regarding where to transport the most physiologically unstable patients for haemorrhage control. If such a critical patient is transported to the wrong suite, they may die unnecessarily despite having potentially salvageable injuries. Thus, it seems only logical that the resuscitative operating room of the future would have IR capabilities making it the obvious geographic destination for critically unstable patients, especially those who are exsanguinating.     

H2O2造影直肠腔内超声对肛瘘诊治的意义

目的：探讨H2O2造影直肠腔内超声对提高肛瘘病灶检出率及降低复发率的意义。方法：将110例肛瘘患者随机分为常规直肠腔内超声组（以下简称常规组）、H2O2造影直肠腔内超声组（以下简称H2O2组）,分别观察常规组和H2O2组主瘘管显影率、支瘘管显影率、内口显影率以及术后复发率。结果：常规组与H2O2组的主瘘管显影率分别为90.9%和92.7%,P＞0.05;支瘘管显影率分别为63.2%和85.4%,P＜0.05;内口显影率分别为49.1%和80%,P＜0.05;术后复发率分别为18.2%和5.5%,P＜0.05。结论：肛瘘患者术前行H2O2造影直肠腔内超声,对于提高肛瘘诊断准确率、微小病灶（支瘘管）检出率及降低术后复发率有重要意义。     

可逆性脑血管收缩综合征临床及影像学特点

目的探讨可逆性脑血管收缩综合征(RCVS)的临床、影像学特点,以提高对该病的认识。方法总结3例RCVS患者的临床及影像学资料并复习相关文献。结果本组3例患者均以剧烈头痛为首发症状,其中1例伴有双下肢无力,1例伴视物模糊、右侧肢体轻偏瘫。TCD检查均提示不同血管不同程度的血流速度增快,头颅MRI及MRA检查提示部分血管痉挛,典型者呈"串珠样"改变;2例脑内有病灶。脑脊液等相关检查无特异性,经钙离子拮抗剂等治疗后临床症状逐渐消失,1~7个月超声影像学复查完全恢复正常,临床呈单相病程,预后良好。结论临床表现为"雷击样、撕裂样"头痛的患者伴或不伴有神经系统定位体征,影像学检查有血管痉挛表现,在排除其他疾病后应考虑RCVS的可能。     

320排CT在冠状动脉成像影像学诊断中的应用

目的：探讨320排CT冠状动脉成像影像学诊断冠状动脉狭窄的可行性和临床意义。方法：收集1516例受检者的320排CT冠状动脉成像（CTA）的临床资料,对其中182例受检者后期行冠状动脉造影诊断进行对比。结果：615人冠状动脉正常,轻度狭窄（＜50%）411人,中度狭窄（50%～75%）195人,重度狭窄（＞75%）170人;支架植入术后125人。182例患者的CTA与冠状动脉造影对比,有164例造影图像与CTA图像对比基本一致;18例CTA狭窄程度的评价与冠脉造影不符。结论：320排CT冠状动脉成像是冠心病患者无创检查诊断的重要手段,可为冠心病患者的分级和治疗提供依据,且是高危人群体检筛查冠心病的首选方法。     

3M透明敷料贴用于经股动脉穿刺全脑血管造影术的效果观察

目的探讨3M透明敷料贴用于预防经股动脉穿刺全脑血管造影术患者穿刺并发症的效果。方法回顾性分析200例经股动脉穿刺全脑血管造影术患者的临床资料。其中对照组为2012年2月至2013年2月未使用透明敷料贴患者80例,观察组为2013年3月至2014年2月使用3M^TMTegaderm^TM透明敷料贴固定动脉鞘患者120例。分析患者出现动脉鞘管折断、造影管折断、股动脉痉挛、穿刺处淤斑以及皮下血肿等并发症情况,评估使用3M透明敷料贴固定动脉鞘的可行性及有效性。结果观察组动脉鞘管折断、造影管折断、股动脉痉挛、穿刺处淤斑以及皮下血肿总并发症发生率明显低于对照组[5．8％（7／120）比26．2％（21／80）],差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论3M透明敷料贴价格低廉,安全性好,应用于固定股动脉穿刺鞘管可以有效减少股动脉穿刺相关并发症的发生,且操作方法简单,值得广泛推广使用。     

Dedicated two-stent technique in complex bifurcation percutaneous coronary intervention with use of everolimus-eluting stents: The EES-bifurcation study

Objectives

To compare the outcomes of initial one-stent (1S) versus dedicated two-stent (2S) strategies in complex bifurcation percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using everolimus-eluting stents (EES).

Background

PCI of true bifurcation lesions is technically challenging and historically associated with reduced procedural success and increased restenosis. Prior studies comparing initial one-stent (1S) versus dedicated two-stent (2S) strategies using first-generation drug-eluting stents have shown no reduction in ischemic events and more complications with a 2S strategy.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study of 319 consecutive patients undergoing PCI at a single referral center with EES for true bifurcation lesions, defined by involvement of both the main vessel (MV) and side branch (SB). Baseline, procedural characteristics, quantitative coronary angiography and clinical outcomes in-hospital and at one year were compared for patients undergoing 1S (n = 175) and 2S (n = 144) strategies.

Results

Baseline characteristics were well-matched. 2S strategy was associated with greater SB acute gain (0.65 ± 0.41 mm vs. 1.11 ± 0.47 mm, p < 0.0001). In-hospital serious adverse events were similar (9% with 2S vs. 8% with 1S, p = 0.58). At one year, patients treated by 2S strategy had non-significantly lower rates of target vessel revascularization (5.8% vs. 7.4%, p = 0.31), myocardial infarction (7.8% vs. 12.2%, p = 0.31) and major adverse cardiovascular events (16.6% vs. 21.8%, p = 0.21).

Conclusion

In this study of patients undergoing PCI for true coronary bifurcation lesions using EES, 2S strategy was associated with superior SB angiographic outcomes without excess complications or ischemic events at one year.