45岁以上成年人前房容积测量及其在原发性闭角型青光眼筛查中的价值：北京眼病研究

Objective To study the measurement results of anterior chamber volume (ACV) in adults over 45 years and its screening value for primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG). Design Cross-sectional survey. Participants 3251 subjects in the Beijing Eye Study 2006. Methods  Heidelberg anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) was used to measure the subjects' ACV and other anterior segment parameters. The subjects were divided into different groups according to their refractive status and age for analysis. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between ACV and other anterior segment parameters. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the value of ACV and other anterior segment parameters in PACG screening. Delong's test was used for comparison of multiple ROC curves. Logistic regression was used to explore the influencing factors of PACG. Main Measure Outcomes ACV, area under the ROC curve. Results The average ACV level of subjects over 45 years old was 132.07±32.66 mm3. The average level of ACV in men was 139.77±33.15 mm3, and  126.15±31.00 mm3 in women. The average ACV level of subjects aged 45~54, 55~64, 65~74 and ≥75 years old was 143.23±31.25 mm3, 129.71±32.65 mm3, 123.71±30.56 mm3 and 115.71±28.92 mm3, respectively. The average ACV levels of myopia, hyperopia subjects were 149.86±37.34 mm3 and 113.39±26.84 mm3. For subjects with PACG, the average ACV level was 79.15±13.63 mm3. When screening PACG, the area under the ROC curve of ACV, anterior chamber depth (ACD), 500  μm anterior chamber angle (ACA) is 0.938, 0.937, 0.938, respectively.  According to Youden index, the cut-off value of using ACV to screen PACG is 114.90 mm3. Conclusion The average ACV level of people over 45 years old in Beijing area is 132.07±32.66 mm3. ACV gradually decreases with age. ACV of myopia population is larger. The ability of ACV to screen PACG is not weaker than that of ACA and ACD.  ACV with lower than 115 mm3 indicates the higher risk of PACG. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2021, 30: 259-264)     

多b值磁共振扩散加权成像在前列腺良、恶性结节中的对比研究

目的：通过对前列腺结节多b值的定量分析研究,探讨评价DWI对前列腺良、恶性结节的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的36例前列腺结节的常规MRI及DWI征象,分别测量在多b值条件下良、恶性结节的表观扩散系数（ADC）,并讨论不同b值的应用价值。结果本组36例患者中,良性结节25例,恶性结节11例。采用b值（200、400、600、800、1000s/mm2）时良性组与恶性组之间ADC值的差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论前列腺良性结节的ADC值高于恶性结节,在多b值的扩散加权成像中,尤其以b值取800 s/mm2时,鉴别良、恶性结节的效能最高,有助于前列腺结节性质的判断和鉴别,对其术前诊断分期、术后治疗方案的设计制定,都有着十分重要的指导意义。     

神经节苷脂联合高压氧舱治疗新生儿缺血性脑病的疗效观察

目的 探讨单唾液酸四己糖神经节苷脂联合高压氧舱治疗新生儿缺血性脑病的临床疗效.方法 选取2008年1月至2010年12月我院住院治疗的新生儿缺血性脑病患儿56例,随机分为治疗组28例,对照组28例,两组均采用常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上采用单唾液酸四己糖神经节苷脂钠联合高压氧舱治疗,比较两组患儿的临床疗效.结果 两组患儿临床疗效比较,治疗组显著优于对照组,(P<0.05);两组患儿NBNA评分比较,两组患儿治疗后评分均显著高于治疗前,(P<0.05);治疗后评分治疗组显著高于对照组,(P<0.05),差异具有统计学意义.结论 单唾液酸四己糖神经节苷脂钠联合高压氧舱治疗新生儿缺血性脑病,具有疗效确切,不良反应少的优势,值得临床推广应用.     

The diagnostic efficacy of diffusion tensor imaging generated by gadolinium-based magnetic resonance imaging for patients with chronic kidney disease

Background:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can lead to systemic inflammatory responses and other cardiovascular disease. Diffusion tensor imaging findings generated by gadolinium-based MRI (DTI-GBMRI) is regarded as a standard method for assessing the pathology of CKD. To evaluate the diagnostic value of DTI-GBMRI for renal histopathology and renal efficiency, renal fibrosis and damage, noninvasive quantification of renal blood flow (RBF) were investigated in patients with CKD.Methods:CKD patients (n = 186) were recruited and underwent diagnosis of renal diffusion tensor imaging findings generated by MRI (DTI-MRI) or DTI-GBMRI to identify the pathological characteristics and depict renal efficiency. The cortical RBFs and estimated glomerular filtration rate were compared in CKD patients undergone DTI-GBMRI (n = 92) or DTI-MRI (n = 94).Results:Gadolinium enhanced the diagnosis generated by DTI-MRI in renal fibrosis, renal damage, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. The superiority in sensitivity and accuracy of the DTI-GBMRI method in assessing renal function and evaluating renal impairment was observed in CKD patients compared with DTI-MRI. Outcomes demonstrated that DTI-GBMRI had higher accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity than DTI-MRI in diagnosing patients with CKD.Conclusion:In conclusion, DTI-GBMRI is a potential noninvasive method for measuring renal function, which can provide valuable information for clinical CKD diagnosis.     

Combining the Tumor Contact Length and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Better Predicts Extraprostatic Extension of Prostate Cancer with Capsular Abutment: A 3 Tesla MR Imaging Study

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic performance of the tumor contact length (TCL) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for predicting extraprostatic extension (EPE) of prostate cancer with capsular abutment (CA).Methods: Ninety-three patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer underwent 3-Tesla MRI, including diffusion-weighted imaging (b value = 0, 2000 s/mm²) and radical prostatectomy. Two experienced radiologists, blinded to the clinicopathological data, retrospectively assessed the presence of CA on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI). TCL on T2WI and ADC values were measured on detecting CA in prostate cancer. We used the receiver operating characteristic curves to assess the diagnostic performance of TCL and ADC values for predicting EPE.Results: CA was present in 58 prostate cancers among 93 patients. The cut-off value for TCL was 6.9 mm, which yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.75. This corresponded to a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 84.2%, 61.5%, and 69.0%, respectively. The cut-off value for ADC was 0.63 × 10^–3 mm²/s, which yielded an AUC of 0.76. This, in turn, corresponded to a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 84.2%, 59.0%, and 67.2%, respectively. The combined cut-off value of TCL and ADC yielded an AUC of 0.82. The specificity (84.6%) and accuracy (81.0%) of the combined value were superior to their individual values (P < 0.05).Conclusion: A combination of TCL and ADC values provided high specificity and accuracy for detecting EPE of prostatic cancer with CA.     

1996～2001年内科、外科、ICU和门诊患者分离的金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性分析

目的 通过对1996～2001年60家三级甲等医院不同科别住院患者和门诊患者分离的金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药性分析，探讨不同科别来源菌株耐药率间的差别及变迁。方法 药敏试验采用纸片扩散法，用WHONET5软件分析结果。结果 6年间内科住院患者分离的金黄色葡萄球菌对苯唑陛西林的耐药率维持在40％；磺胺甲恶唑／甲氧苄啶(SMZ／TMP)和氯霉素的耐药率从1998年的51．4％和39．6％降低到2001年的36．2％和23．6％。外科住院患者分离菌株对苯唑西林的耐药率从1996年的26．3％增加到2001年的45．9％；庆大霉素和环丙沙星耐药率从1996年的24．6％和17．5％增到2001年的43．5％和43．1％。ICU患者分离的大多数菌株对苯唑西林和环丙沙星耐药。门诊患者分离菌株对苯唑西林的耐药率从1996年的17．2％增加到2001年的24．9％；环丙沙星的耐药率超过30％；SMZ/TMP的耐药率从1998年的61％降低到2001年的38．3％。结论 调查不同科别住院患者和门诊患者来源的金黄色葡萄球菌对常用抗生素耐药性的变迁和现状，对于临床抗感染治疗的经验用药具有一定的指导意义。     

磁共振全身扩散加权成像对肺癌的临床分期和疗效评估价值

目的：探讨磁共振全身扩散加权成像（ DWI）在肺癌的临床分期及疗效评估中的价值。方法对该院2012年1月至2014年1月收治的68例经病理组织学确诊的肺癌患者采用DWI检查,比较不同肺癌病理类型、分化程度、不同的T分期及N分期患者的表观扩散系数（ ADC）值差异;并对肺癌患者采用吉西他滨联合顺铂进行化疗,并比较治疗前1周和治疗后3个月所有肺癌患者的ADC值变化情况。结果不同组织学类型的肺癌ADC值之间存在显著的统计学差异（P＜0．05）,三组间两两比较差异也具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,腺癌ADC值（1．338±0．246）×10－3 mm2· S－1明显高于鳞癌和小细胞癌。不同分化程度的肺癌ADC值差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,高分化组肺癌ADC值明显高于中分化、低分化组,中分化组和低分化组差异不具有统计学意义（P＞0．05）。肺癌不同T分期患者的ADC值差异具有显著统计学意义（P＜0．05）,组间两两比较仅T1分期ADC值明显高于其它分期且具有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。肺癌不同N分期患者的ADC值差异具有显著统计学意义（P＜0．05）,组间两两比较仅N3分期ADC值明显低于于其他分期且具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。治疗有效组的ADC值明显升高且差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;治疗3个月后两组ADC值差异显著,有效组的ADC为（1．464±0．317）×10－3mm2· S－1明显高于无效组的（1．315±0．284）×10－3mm2· S－1且差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论 DWI在肺癌的诊断及病理类型、分期中具有一定的临床价值,对治疗效果能够进行有效的临床评价。     

液体姿控火箭发动机地面试验热结构分析

本文以液膜冷却结合辐射冷却的液体姿控火箭发动机为研究对象。采用一体化计算模型分析传热,同时应用有限元方法对在给定温度条件的热结构进行了耦合分析,最后讨论了推力室在外压作用及温度载荷条件下结构的屈曲稳定性。计算结果与参考的试验结果接近,最高温度误差为3.67%,说明该一体化计算传热模型的有效性。考虑热载荷作用得到的屈曲载荷值较不考虑其提高了大约5.79%。该结果为工程设计提供了有益的参考。     

Benzydamine hydrochloride buccal bioadhesive gels designed for oral ulcers: Preparation,rheological, textural,mucoadhesive and release properties

This study developed and examined the characterization of Benzidamine hydrochloride (BNZ) bioadhesive gels as platforms for oral ulcer treatments. Bioadhesive gels were prepared with four different hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) types (E5, E15, E50 and K100M) with different ratios. Each formulation was characterized in terms of drug release, rheological, mechanical properties and adhesion to a buccal bovine mucosa. Drug release was significantly decreased as the concentration and individual viscosity of each polymeric component increased due to improved viscosity of the gel formulations. The amount of drug released for the formulations ranged from 0.76?±?0.07 and 1.14?±?0.01 (mg/cm²?±?SD). Formulations exhibited pseudoplastic flow and all formulations, increasing the concentration of HPMC content significantly raised storage modulus (G′), loss modulus (G″), dynamic viscosity (?′) at 37°C. Increasing concentration of each polymeric component also significantly improved the hardness, compressibility, adhesiveness, cohesiveness and mucoadhesion but decreased the elasticity of the gel formulations. All formulations showed non-Fickian diffusion due to the relaxation and swelling of the polymers with water. In conclusion, the formulations studied showed a wide range of mechanical and drug diffusion characteristics. On the basis of the obtained data, the bioadhesive gel formulation which was prepared with 2.5% HPMC K 100M was determined as the most appropriate formulation for buccal application in means of possessing suitable mechanical properties, exhibiting high cohesion and bioadhesion.