正常成年家猫不同暗适应时间闪光视网膜电图的变化

目的:探讨不同暗适应时间正常成年家猫闪光视网膜电图(flash electroretinogram,F-ERG)最大反应变化正常值范围.方法:选取成年家猫20只,在不同暗适应时间1/12,1/6,2/6,0.5,4/6,5/6,1,1.5,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,15,20,30,40,50min用标准刺激参数刺激,常规程序采集记录F-ERG的a,b波的峰潜时及振幅进行分析并绘出各波峰潜时及振幅在不同暗适应时间点的变化曲线.结果:不同暗适应时间点均成功记录到典型且重复性好的F-ERG波形.不同暗适应时间,a,b波潜伏期均无明显差异,b波的振幅变化较为明显,暗适应20min,振幅值达高峰.结论:成年家猫F-ERG检测实用且创伤较小.     

Translation,cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the revised-Skin Management Needs Assessment Checklist questionnaire in Malay language

IntroductionPressure injury (PI) related knowledge can be used as an outcome indicator of a PI education program. In Malaysia, no scale has been translated and validated for measuring PI-related knowledge among patients with a PI.AimThe purpose of this study was to cross-culturally adapt, translate and determine the validity and reliability of the Malay version of the revised-Skin Management Need Assessment Checklist (revised-SMnac).MethodThe instrument was initially written in English and translated into the Malay language. The internal consistency, construct validity, and test-retest reliability were examined after the item and scale's cross-cultural equivalence and content validity were evaluated. Construct validity was determined through the administration of the instrument amongst 170 hospitalised patients with a PI. Content validity index (CVI) was further determined through validation by a panel of five wound care experts. The instrument's stability was determined by the test-retest model with a two-week interval.ResultsThe content validity of the item-CVI (I-CVI) was >79%, indicating that all 17-items were appropriate, while the scale-CVI (S-CVI) of >0.83 indicated an acceptable scale. The Cronbach's Alpha was .994 indicated good internal consistency. Test-retest showed a good intra-class correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.955 with 95% CI [0.992–0.996].ConclusionsThe Malay version of the revised-SMnac demonstrated to be a valid and reliable tool to measure PI-related knowledge among the Malay-speaking patient population in Malaysia. The tool is recommended for use to measure the effectiveness of education programs related to PI care in future studies.     

鸦胆子油乳注射液及配置后静脉输液的室温稳定性研究

目的 考察说明书中贮存条件要求冷藏,且须临用前即配即用的鸦胆子油乳注射液的原液和稀释后的静脉输液在室温(25 ℃)下的稳定性,为该药品的临床管理与使用提供依据。方法 模拟临床给药剂量和给药时间,考察性状、pH、渗透压、颗粒细度和油酸含量在室温下放置不同时间点的变化。结果 在室温下,鸦胆子油乳注射液原液放置72 h质量稳定,配置后静脉输液(30 mL∶250 mL 0.9%生理盐水)在24 h内各项理化指标均无明显变化。结论 鸦胆子油乳注射液在医院内部的短时间药物配送无需严格实施冷链管理;配置后静脉输液室温放置24 h稳定,无需“即配即用”。     

Evidence‐Based Practice in a Global Context

This commentary examines how the adoption of benchmarking can promote the internationalization of evidence‐based practice. Given the increasing evidence documenting the role of culture and context in the shaping of experiences and expressions of distress, as well as influencing attitudes and conceptions of mental health services, benchmarking may not represent the best approach to addressing global public health agendas. A brief overview of the sequential approach to developing, evaluating, and disseminating treatments in novel cultural contexts is presented, in which benchmarking can play an important, albeit secondary role. It is argued that in a global context, benchmarking's role may better function to promote dissemination within particular contexts, rather than between them.     

The influence of lower-limb prostheses technology on Paracanoeing time-trial performance

Within the Paracanoeing discipline, it is important to ensure that appropriate control is achieved by a paddler with a disability. However, this Paralympic Games discipline has seen very little attention to date. The aims of this study were to understand the kinematic impact to a paracanoeist when not utilizing the use of a prosthetic lower-limb. A kayaker with a uni-lateral transfemoral amputation completed several 200?m maximal efforts both with and without their prosthesis. When the prosthetic limb was removed, there were significant differences found in stroke rate, stroke speed, stroke length and overall power output. Sagittal and frontal video analysis demonstrated the residual limb movements when paddling and indicated where support would be required to improve the kayak’s control. It is recommended that those with lower-limb absence wishing to paddle a kayak competitively utilize the use of a prostheses designed for the kayaking environment that supports the residual limb at both the upper and inner thigh and the distal end.

• Implications for rehabilitation

• This paper is the first study to investigate both biomechanical and assistive technology-related issues in the new Paralympic Games sport of Paracanoeing.

• For participants possessing lower-limb absence, a prosthetic limb that is designed specifically for the kayaking environment is recommended when Paracanoeing to maximize efficient propulsion.

• Use of an ergometer and multiple 2D cameras provides practitioners the ability to optimize both the comfort and fit of a prosthetic limb.

• Use of an ergometer and multiple 2D cameras provides both athletes and practitioners the ability to optimize the points of human contact within a kayak to ensure comfort and control.

     

社区戒毒康复人员社会支持与社会适应能力相关性

目的调查分析社区戒毒康复人员的社会支持与社会适应能力现状及其相关关系,为采取有针对性促进措施提供科学依据。方法采用分层抽样方法随机抽取研究对象,采用社会支持量表和社会适应能力诊断量表收集研究对象的社会支持和社会适应资料,对资料进行描述性分析和相关性分析。结果 130例研究对象的社会支持总分为34.48±9.36,客观支持得分为6.00±1.88,主观支持得分为15.17±4.22,社会支持利用度得分6.59±2.27;研究对象的社会适应能力中的很强、良好、一般、较差、很差的构成是2.32%、1.55%、19.23%、31.53%、55.37%;戒毒康复人员的客观支持与社会适应能力存在相关性(P﹤0.05)。结论社区戒毒康复人员存在社会支持和社会适应能力偏低现状;客观支持可能为戒毒康复人员社会适应能力的促进因素。     

妇科万应膏治疗宫寒血瘀型痛经的临床效果观察

目的：观察妇科万应膏治疗宫寒血瘀型痛经患者的疗效和安全性。方法根据纳入/排除标准,共筛选痛经患者223例,采用区组随机的方法,按照3：1的比例随机分为试验组167例与对照组56例。试验组使用妇科万应膏外用穴位贴敷,对照组使用痛经宝颗粒口服,共用药3个月经周期。治疗后比较2组的治疗效果与不良反应。结果治疗3个月经周期后,试验组总有效率为91.02%明显优于对照组的78.57,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）。试验组发生不良反应5例,不良反应发生率2.89%;对照组无不良反应发生,组间比较差异无统计学意义（ P ＞0.05）。结论妇科万应膏治疗宫寒血瘀型月经不调和痛经安全有效,值得临床推广使用。     

The effect of strict short-term metabolic control on retinal nervous system abnormalities in newly diagnosed Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients

Summary The oscillatory potential of the electroretinogram and the initial 2-min phase of dark-adaptation were studied in seven newly diagnosed Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients before and during initial insulin treatment. Strict metabolic control was achieved in all seven patients using multiple subcutaneous injections of insulin. Seven to 11 days of strict metabolic control improved the added amplitude value of the oscillatory potential from 236±8 to 268±8 V (mean±SEM; p < 0.01) and the dark-adaptation from 90 ±5 to 67±5 s (p < 0.01). Our study has demonstrated reversible neurophysiological abnormalities in the diabetic retina which are related to metabolic control.     

ANTI-ALLERGIC EFFECTS OF SANGUISORBA OFFICINALIS ON ANIMAL MODELS OF ALLERGIC REACTIONS

ABSTRACT

We investigated the effect of aqueous extract of Sanguisorba officinalis L.(Rosaceae) root (SOAE) on the immediate-type allergic reactions in vivo and in vitro. SOAE (0.01 to 1 g/kg) inhibited systemic allergic reaction induced by compound 48/80. When SOAE was employed in a systemic allergic reaction test, the plasma histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. SOAE (0.001 to 1 g/kg) dose-dependently inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE. SOAE (0.001 to 1 mg/mL) also dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. The level of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in RPMC, When SOAE was added, significantly increased compared with that of normal control. Moreover, SOAE (0.01 to 1 mg/mL) had a significant inhibitory effect on anti-DNP IgE-induced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production. These results suggest that SOAE may be beneficial in the regulation of immediate-type allergic reaction.