New multipurpose endoknot device for laparoscopic surgery

Extracorporeal knot tying for the ligation and suture ligation of various structures is becoming more important with the increasing popularity of laparoscopic surgery, especially in complicated cholecystectomies with the need to do intraoperative cholangiography, and in other advanced procedures. We have designed a new multipurpose endoknot device that can be used to: (1) push the knot of a pre-tied loop, (2) facilitate the extracorporeal tying of square knots, and (3) facilitate the suturing of tissues, using either a slip knot or a square knot. The device consists of a simple stainless steel rod with a 3-mm lateral hole at its working end which connects to a 1-mm hole at the tip. The blunt tip lessens the chance of inadvertent injury to the liver and other organs during knot tying. We have used this instrument in laparoscopic cholecystectomy with intraoperative cholangiography, and in laparoscopic hernia repair, colon resection, and thoracoscopic esophagectomy, with great success and with no morbidity attributable to its use.     

Intraoperative cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

An audit of routine intraoperative cholangiography in a consecutive series of 496 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been performed. Cannulation of the cystic duct was possible in 483 patients (97%). The use of portable, digitized C-arm fluorocholangiography was vastly superior to the employment of a mobile x-ray machine and static films in terms of reduced time to carry out the procedure and total abolition of unsatisfactory radiological exposure of the biliary tract. Repeat of the procedure was necessary in 22% of cases when the mobile x-ray equipment was used. Aside from the detection of unsuspected stones in 18 patients (3.9%), routine intra-operative cholangiography identified four patients (0.8%) whose management would undoubtedly have been disadvantaged if intraoperative cholangiography had not been performed.     

经皮肝穿刺胆道造影对恶性梗阻性黄疸病因诊断价值的探讨

本文报告２４例恶性梗阻性黄疸，其中肝门区癌２例，胰头癌１１例，胆管癌７例，壶腹癌３例．原发性十二指肠腺癌１例。在术前作Ｂ超和ＰＴＣ检查，对梗阻的部位、范围、程度、性质和病因诊断等临床资料进行对照分析，Ｂ超和ＰＴＣ诊断与手术和病理学诊断的符合率分别为５４％和９１．６％。结果表明，ＰＴＣ对恶性梗阻性黄疸术前病因诊断的正确率明显高于Ｂ超，其操作方法简便安全，更适合于基层医院应用。     

Biliary complications after living donor adult liver transplantation.

The highest rate of complications characterizing the adult living donor liver transplantation (ALDLT) are due to biliary problems with a reported negative incidence of 22-64%. We performed 23 ALDLT grafting segments V-VIII without the middle hepatic vein from March 2001 to September 2005. Biliary anatomy was investigated using intraoperative cholangiography alone in the first five cases and magnetic resonance cholangiography in the remaining 18 cases. In 13 cases we found a single right biliary duct (56.5%) and in 10 we found multiple biliary ducts (43.7%). We performed single biliary anastomosis in 17 cases (73.91%) and double anastomosis in the remaining six (26%) cases. With a mean follow up of 644 days (8-1598 days), patient and graft survivals are 86.95% and 78.26%, respectively. The following biliary complications were observed: biliary leak from the cutting surface: three, anastomotic leak: two, late anastomotic strictures: five, early kinking of the choledochus: one. These 11 biliary complications (47.82%) occurred in eight patients (34.78%). Three of these patients developed two consecutive and different biliary complications. Biliary complications affected our series of ALDLT with a high percentage, but none of the grafts transplanted was lost because of biliary problems. Multiple biliary reconstructions are strongly related with a high risk of complication.     

Experience with three-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy

After considerable experience with laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) using four ports, we began using three-port LC in October 1993 and have performed 130 LCs with this procedure up to May 1996. The procedure was successful in 119 patients. In 6 patients fourth port was used, and in another 5, the procedure was converted to open laparo-tomy. Cooperative manipulation of the surgical instruments between the operator and assistant is very important for this procedure, for exposing Calot's triangle and dissecting the gallbladder from the gallbladder bed. The use of an ultrasonic aspiration system (Sumisonic ME 2400; Sumitomo Bakelite, Tokyo, Japan) made it easier to identify the cystic duct and artery, especially in patients with chronic inflammation or dense adhesions. We encountered no problems with cannulation into the cystic duct for intraoperative cholangiography, and there were no intra- and postoperative complications in this series. We achieved good results, similar to those achieved with the four-port technique. This technique is technically feasible and safe, and it has esthetic and cost advantages compared with the four-port technique. However, the operator who performs three-port LC should not hesitate to add another port, or to convert to open laparotomy, whenever any difficulties occur during this procedure, to prevent critical complications.     

内镜治疗Roux-en-Y术后并发急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎的新方法——经腹壁小肠造瘘逆行进镜ERC

目的 探讨上消化道重建术后患者无法经口完成内镜逆行胆管造影术(ERC)时经腹壁入路小肠造瘘ERC的价值.方法 2例胆管癌根治术后再发急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎患者,因无功能空肠襻迂曲、过长,无法完成经口ERC,先行腹壁切开找到输入襻小肠造瘘,自瘘口送入胃镜,沿无功能空肠襻逆行进镜找到胆肠吻合口,行ERC并胆管支架置入术(ERBD).结果 行腹壁切开并成功于无功能空肠襻小肠造瘘,经造瘘口沿空肠襻逆行进镜发现胆肠吻合口狭窄,肝内胆管可见大量脓性黏液,遂扩张吻合口行ERC,并于扩张的肝内胆管主要分支内置入支架,患者术后恢复顺利.结论 胆管癌根治、Roux-en-Y上消化道重建术后患者罹患胆管疾病无法经口完成ERC时,经腹壁入路小肠造瘘逆行进镜行诊断及治疗性ERC是安全、有效的方法.     

Peritoneoscopic cholecystectomy has opened the door to minimally invasive surgery

In 1989 a new trend occurred in the surgical treatment of a diseased gall-bladder, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Laparoscopic surgery is now accepted world-wide as the choice of treatment with the advantages of less pain, good cosmesis, short hospital stay and early recovery. It is also a curative procedure for cholelithiasis as well as a cholecystectomy. The rate of conversion to open surgery is about 5% and the rates of bile duct injury are 0.1–0.6%. This new approach revives controversies concerning cholecystectomy; namely indication, use of intra-operative cholangiography, ductal calculi and pregnancy. There are new issues to consider, including use of a Veress needle for pneumoperitoneum, type of trocars, cardiovascular responses to pneumoperitoneum using carbon dioxide and so on. With increasing use, these difficulties will be overcome. Advances in technology are expected to make even more new types of surgery possible, even perhaps extending into robotic surgery.     

双导丝一步Sedilgner穿刺法在经皮肝穿胆管引流术中的应用

目的：探讨双导丝一步Sedilgner穿刺法在经皮肝穿胆管引流术（PTCD）中的操作方法及其安全性。方法对86例经CT、MRI、彩色多普勒超声等影像学及血液检查诊断为梗阻性黄疸患者采用22 G Chiba针配合0.033 m、0.064 m双导丝及6 F血管鞘行微创一步法开通穿刺道,其后完成胆管引流的全过程。结果86例患者中85例置入引流管,手术成功率为98.8%,观察引流效果1周后有20例更换胆道内支架引流。手术早期并发症为15.1%,其中有3例胆心反射（1例停止手术）、5例急性胆管炎、5例血性引流液。结论双导丝一步Sedilgner穿刺法应用在PTCD中是一种经济实用、操作容易、安全性高的微创方法。     

胆道造影在胆管黏液性囊腺瘤诊断中的作用

目的 探讨经皮肝穿刺胆道造影(percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography,PTC)在胆管黏液性囊腺瘤(hepatobiliary mucinous cystadenoma)诊断中的作用,提高本病的诊断水平. 方法 总结2004-01 ～2014-06收治的10例病理诊断为肝内胆管黏液性囊腺瘤的临床表现、影像学和PTC特点,回顾性分析PTC在胆管黏液性囊腺瘤诊断中的作用. 结果 10例肝脏囊腺瘤患者中MRI或CT见肝内部分胆管和胆总管扩张,无明显占位;6例行PTC显示胆总管不显影或显影不全,经抽吸出胶冻状物质后胆总管显影. 结论 肝胆管黏液性囊腺瘤PTC表现有特殊性,具有较高的诊断价值.     

Gadoxetic acid-enhanced T1-weighted MR cholangiography in primary sclerosing cholangitis

Purpose:

To investigate the value of gadoxetic acid‐enhanced three‐dimensional T1‐weighted MR cholangiography (T1w‐MRC) in comparison to three‐dimensional T2‐weighted MR cholangiopancreaticography (T2w‐MRCP) in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).

Materials and Methods:

Thirty‐four MR exams in 29 patients (46.0 ± 16.1 years; 19 men, 10 women) scanned within a 14‐month period were retrospectively included. Two abdominal radiologists independently evaluated image quality regarding image contrast, image quality degradation due to artifacts, and visualization quality of ducts. The order of biliary tree branches that were visualized and reader preference toward each method were recorded. Helpfulness of T1w‐MRC was scored in consensus. Confirmatory endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) performed within 3 months of the MR examination was available in 8 patients.

Results:

Image quality of T1w‐MRC and T2w‐MRCP was graded good to excellent in all cases. There were advantages for both T1w‐MRC (functional information, less degradation due to artifacts) and T2w‐MRCP (higher order of visualized branches, better branch depiction). Both readers showed preference for T2w‐MRCP; however, both readers found gadoxetic acid–enhanced T1w‐MRC helpful in the majority of cases.

Conclusion:

Gadoxetic acid‐enhanced T1w‐MRC is complementary to, but should not replace, T2w‐MRCP. T1w‐MRC is a useful adjunct to T2w‐MRCP for morphologic evaluation and provides additional diagnostic information. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:632–640. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.