浙江杭州西湖区儿童龋病发生情况及与父母受教育水平关系

目的 随访调查某地儿童龋病发生情况,并分析患龋率与父母受教育水平关系,为采取针对性预防措施提供参考依据.方法 采用随机整群分层抽样方法,选取2014年3月-2016年6月浙江杭州西湖区6～12岁1 260名学龄儿童为研究对象,检查龋病发生情况,并应用logistic回归分析患龋率与父母受教育水平关系.结果 1 260名...     

Medical visits of childhood cancer survivors in Japan: A cross‐sectional survey

Background: Although more children with cancer continue to be cured, these survivors experience various late effects. Details of the medical visit behaviors of childhood cancer survivors (CCS) in adulthood remain to be elucidated. Methods: In order to examine medical visits in the past and future of CCS, we performed a cross‐sectional survey with self‐rating questionnaires on medical visits of CCS compared with control groups (their siblings and the general population). Results: Questionnaires were completed by 185 CCS, 72 of their siblings and 1000 subjects from the general population and the results were analyzed. Mean ages at this survey and the duration after therapy completions of CCS were 23 and 12 years, respectively. We found that the previous treatment hospitals (where CCS were treated for their cancer) were the most commonly visited medical facilities for the CCS group (74% for female patients and 64% for male patients) and more than half of the CCS preferred to continue visiting the previous treatment hospital with enough satisfaction in Japan. The multivariate analysis showed that female sex and relapse were significantly associated with the past visits to the previous treatment hospital and that the CCS with brain tumors or bone/soft tissue sarcomas and CCS with any late effects tended to continue the relationships with the hospital. In addition female sex was also significantly associated with desired future visits to the previous treatment hospital. On the other hand, the married CCS tended to be disinclined to visit the hospital it in the future. Conclusions: In order to optimize risk‐based care and promote health for CCS after adulthood, we should discuss the medical transition with CCS and their parents.     

Pars planitis: epidemiology and clinical outcome in a large community hospital in Mexico city

Medical records of 51 patients with a diagnosis of pars planitis (97 eyes) were reviewed. Based upon the severity of vitreous inflammation, in 34 eyes (35) the condition was classified as mild, in 38 (39) as moderate, and in 25 eyes (26) as severe. Vascular sheathing was present in 51 eyes (53), snowballs in 42 (43), snowbanks in 29 (30), cataract in 19 (20), cystoid macular edema in 26 (27), retinal detachment in 4 (4) and glaucoma in 3 (3) eyes. Treatment consisted of prednisone and periocular injections of deposteroids or immunosuppressive agents; 13 patients required surgery for retinal repair, glaucoma, vitreous opacities or cataract. After treatment the visual acuity improved in 58 of the eyes, did not change in 33, and worsened in 9.     

Quantitative analysis by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and retinal neuroprotection after topical administration of moxonidine

AIM: To determine moxonidine in aqueous humor and iris-ciliary body by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and to evaluate the retinal neuroprotective effect after topical administration with moxonidine in a high intraocular pressure (IOP) model. METHODS: The eyes of albino rabbits were administered topically and ipsilaterally with 0.2% moxonidine. A RP-HPLC method was employed for the identification and quantification of moxonidine between 2 and 480min, which presented in the aqueous humor and iris-ciliary body. Flash electroretinography (F-ERG) amplitude and superoxide dismutase (SOD) level were measured between day 1 and day 15 after topical administration with moxonidine in a rabbit model of high IOP. Histological and ultrastructural observation underwent to analyze the changes of retinal morphology, the inner retinal layers (IRL) thickness, and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) counting. RESULTS: Moxonidine was detectable between 2 and 480min after administration, and the peak concentration developed both in the two tissues at 30min, 0.51 μg/mL in aqueous humor and 1.03 μg/g in iris-ciliary body. In comparison to control, F-ERG b-wave amplitude in moxonidine eyes were significantly differences between day 3 and day 15 (P<0.01) in the high IOP model; SOD levels were significantly higher at all time-points (P<0.01) with a maximum level of 20.29 U/mgprot at day 15; and RGCs were significantly higher (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Moxonidine is a viable neuroprotective agent with application to high IOP model. All layers of retina, including RGC layer, retinal nerve fiber layer and INL, are more preserved after moxonidine administration. SOD plays a neuroprotective role in ocular hypertension-mediated RGC death.     

阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗儿童精神分裂症对照研究

目的：探讨阿立哌唑治疗儿童精神分裂症的疗效和安全性及依从性。方法：70例儿童精神分裂症患者随机分为两组,分别予以阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗8周。采用简明精神病评定量表（BPRS）治疗中出现的副反应量表（TESS）在治疗前及第2、4、8周未分别评定疗效与不良反应,于32周后问诊及电话随访调查。结果：8周后阿立哌唑组有效率85.7%,利培酮组有效率82.8%,32周后利培酮组脱落率明显高于阿立哌唑组。结论：阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗儿童精神分裂症疗效相仿,而阿立哌唑组依从性好于利培酮组。     

Exposure to power frequency electric fields and the risk of childhood cancer in the UK

The United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study, a population-based case-control study covering the whole of Great Britain, incorporated a pilot study measuring electric fields. Measurements were made in the homes of 473 children who were diagnosed with a malignant neoplasm between 1992 and 1996 and who were aged 0-14 at diagnosis, together with 453 controls matched on age, sex and geographical location. Exposure assessments comprised resultant spot measurements in the child's bedroom and the family living-room. Temporal stability of bedroom fields was investigated through continuous logging of the 48-h vertical component at the child's bedside supported by repeat spot measurements. The principal exposure metric used was the mean of the pillow and bed centre measurements. For the 273 cases and 276 controls with fully validated measures, comparing those with a measured electric field exposure >/=20 V m(-1) to those in a reference category of exposure <10 V m(-1), odds ratios of 1.31 (95% confidence interval 0.68-2.54) for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, 1.32 (95% confidence interval 0.73-2.39) for total leukaemia, 2.12 (95% confidence interval 0.78-5.78) for central nervous system cancers and 1.26 (95% confidence interval 0.77-2.07) for all malignancies were obtained. When considering the 426 cases and 419 controls with no invalid measures, the corresponding odds ratios were 0.86 (95% confidence interval 0.49-1.51) for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, 0.93 (95% confidence interval 0.56-1.54) for total leukaemia, 1.43 (95% confidence interval 0.68-3.02) for central nervous system cancers and 0.90 (95% confidence interval 0.59-1.35) for all malignancies. With exposure modelled as a continuous variable, odds ratios for an increase in the principal metric of 10 V m(-1) were close to unity for all disease categories, never differing significantly from one.     

Mental health, demographic, and risk behavior profiles of pregnant survivors of childhood and adult abuse

Our objective was to address the gap in knowledge about the extent to which perinatal mental health and risk behaviors are associated with childhood and adult experiences of abuse that arises because of barriers to screening and disclosure about past and current abuse. Survey data from an ongoing study of the effects of posttraumatic stress on childbearing were used to describe four groups of nulliparous women: those with no abuse history, adult abuse only, childhood abuse only, and abuse that occurred during both periods. The rates of abuse history disclosure were higher in the research context than in the clinical settings. Mental health morbidity and risk behaviors occurred in a dose-response pattern with cumulative abuse exposure. Rates of current posttraumatic stress disorder ranged from 4.1% among those never abused to 11.4% (adult only), 16.0% (childhood only), and 39.2% (both periods). Women abused during both periods also were more likely to be using tobacco (21.5%) and drugs (16.5%) during pregnancy. We conclude that mental health and behavioral risk sequelae affect a significant portion of both childhood and adult abuse survivors in prenatal care. The integration into the maternity setting of existing evidence-based interventions for the mental health and behavioral sequelae of abuse is needed.     

超声与CT检查对小儿颅内出血诊断价值的比较

①目的 比较超声与CT检查对小儿颅内出血的诊断价值。②方法 应用超声和CT对41例颅内出血病儿和50例正常儿童进行检查，对超声检查与CT检查的结果进行比较。③结果 超声诊断为脑实质出血10例、硬脑膜下隙出血5例与CT相符；超声诊断蛛网膜下隙出血7例，漏诊2例，误诊1例；超声诊断脑室出血2例，漏诊1例，误诊1例；混合型出血12例，超声与CT检查诊断结果相符。PW显示血流频谱异常者39例，占95％。④结论 超声与CT检查诊断脑实质及硬脑膜下隙出血无明显差别。CT诊断蛛网膜下隙、脑室出血优于超声。CT确定出血部位优于超声。     

儿童期营养状况对成年期健康状况影响的分析研究

目的探讨儿童青少年期营养状况对成年期健康状况的影响。方法使用"中国居民健康与营养调查"项目1991年到2006年间的6轮中在1991年调查时满2周岁、未满18周岁且每次调查时都保存在研究队列中并且有完整调查结果者。利用重复测量数据的混合效应模型分别研究男女对象从儿童期到成年期BMI的变化趋势。利用Cox比例风险模型,研究成年期发生高血压的风险概率。结果儿童期的消瘦、超重肥胖状态,对成年期显示出了轨迹性的影响。儿童期营养状况和父母教育水平是成年后发生高血压的危险因素,男性研究对象蛋白质摄入每增加1g,不发生高血压的风险比为0.991。女性研究对象能量摄入每增加1kcal/d,不发生高血压的风险比为0.9997。结论儿童期的营养健康状况表现出对成年期健康状况会发生持续影响的趋势。