外伤性白内障人工晶状体植入术临床观察

目的 评价外伤性白内障人工晶体植入的疗效及问题。方法 对56例外伤性白内障人工晶体植入术后进行回顾性研究。结果 术后矫正视力≥0.5者48眼,占85.7%;0.1-0.4者6眼,占10.7%;0.1以下者2眼,占3.6%。结论 利用显微手术方法,使用粘弹剂,控制眼内炎症,选择好手术时机,可使手术效果满意。     

超声乳化术治疗色素膜炎并发性白内障

目的 评估色素膜炎并发性白内障超声乳化手术的疗效。方法 钝化分离瞳孔后粘连及剪除机化膜,牵拉扩张瞳孔后,采用原位碎核技术对19例（21只眼）色素膜炎并发性白内障行超声乳化,结果 术后1周矫正视力≥0.5者16只眼（76.2%）,≥0.2者18只眼（85.7%);手术并发症为虹膜损伤,角膜水肿,未见后囊膜破裂及角膜失代偿;术后19只眼（90.5%)恢复圆瞳孔;2只眼（9.5%)瞳孔不规则。结论 超声乳化术治疗色素膜炎并发性白内障,具有对虹膜损伤小,术后前房炎症反应轻,视力早期恢复等优点,值得推广应用。     

MIR204 n.37C>T variant as a cause of chorioretinal dystrophy variably associated with iris coloboma,early-onset cataracts and congenital glaucoma

Four members of a three-generation Czech family with early-onset chorioretinal dystrophy were shown to be heterozygous carriers of the n.37C>T in MIR204. The identification of this previously reported pathogenic variant confirms the existence of a distinct clinical entity caused by a sequence change in MIR204. Chorioretinal dystrophy was variably associated with iris coloboma, congenital glaucoma, and premature cataracts extending the phenotypic range of the condition. In silico analysis of the n.37C>T variant revealed 713 novel targets. Additionally, four family members were shown to be affected by albinism resulting from biallelic pathogenic OCA2 variants. Haplotype analysis excluded relatedness with the original family reported to harbour the n.37C>T variant in MIR204. Identification of a second independent family confirms the existence of a distinct MIR204-associated clinical entity and suggests that the phenotype may also involve congenital glaucoma.     

白内障超声乳化术及手术配合23例

目的 :介绍超声乳化术治疗早期白内障的优越性及巡回护士在手术过程中的配合要点。方法 :对 2 3例 2 5只眼的手术临床资料作回顾性分析。结果 :术后一周视力≥ 0 .5者 2 2例 ,0 .3以下者 3例。影响视力主要是术前诊断有弱视、陈旧性虹膜炎等症。结论 :使用超声乳化仪治疗早期白内障手术简便、安全、可靠 ,并需巡回护士在手术中的密切配合     

带状疱疹神经痛77例临床分析

目的　探讨带状疱疹神经痛的临床特点。方法　分析７７ 例带状疱疹患者神经痛与疱疹关系,症候定位,误诊 原因及治疗转归。结果　神经痛与水疱疹是带状疱疹主要临床表现,以单节段神经节受累为主,多个神经节受累１４ 例（１８２ ％ ） , Ｈｕｎｔ 综合征１１ 例（１４３ ％ ） ;神经痛先于疱疹出现组４０ 例（５２０ ％ ） ,其中２６ 例误诊（６５０ ％ ） ,和神经痛与疱疹同时出 现组比较有极显著差异（ Ｐ ＜ ００１） ,老年人较中青年人更易误诊（ Ｐ ＜ ００５） ,疱疹落痂后遗神经痛２４ 例（３１２ ％ ） ,止痛 与抗病毒治疗有效。结论　 了解神经痛与疱疹呈节段性分布的临床特点,有助于带状疱疹的早期临床诊断与治疗,有利于疾病转归。     

山羊肝精口服液的研制与早中期白内障的防治

山羊肝精口服液是经多年临床经验及反复研究所得的成果,剂型恰当,工艺合理,质量可控,稳定性好。药效学试验说明,本制剂具有健壮身体,抗疲劳的功能。毒理学试验与临床观察说明山羊肝精口服液具有安全性。     

The need for cataract surgery: projections based on lens opacity, visual acuity, and personal concern

AIM: To assess the projected needs for cataract surgery by lens opacity, visual acuity, and patient concern. METHODS: Data were collected as part of the Melbourne Visual Impairment Project, a population based study of age related eye disease in a representative sample of Melbourne residents aged 40 and over. Participants were recruited by a household census and invited to attend a local screening centre. At the study sites, the following data were collected: presenting and best corrected visual acuity, visual fields, intraocular pressure, satisfaction with current vision, personal health history and habits, and a standardised eye examination and photography of the lens and fundus. Lens photographs were graded twice and adjudicated to document lens opacities. Cataract was defined as nuclear greater than or equal to standard 2, 4/16 or greater cortical opacity, or any posterior subcapsular opacities. RESULTS: 3271 (83% response) people living in their own homes were examined. The participants ranged in age from 40 to 98 years and 1511 (46.2%) were men. Previous cataract surgery had been performed in 107 (3.4%) of the participants. The overall prevalence of any type of cataract that had not been surgically corrected was 18%. If the presence of cataract as defined was considered the sole criterion for cataract surgery with no reference to visual acuity, there would be 309 cataract operations per 1000 people aged 40 and over (96 eyes of people who were not satisfied with their vision, 210 eyes of people who were satisfied with their vision, and three previous cataract operations). At a visual acuity criterion of less than 6/12 (the vision required to legally drive a car), 48 cataract operations per 1000 would occur and people would be twice as likely to report dissatisfaction with their vision. CONCLUSIONS: Estimates of the need for cataract surgery vary dramatically by level of lens opacity, visual acuity, and patient concern. These data should be useful for the planning of health services.     

The effect of technology on the indications for cataract surgery

Before the introduction of modern ophthalmic surgical technology following World War II, cataract extraction was easier and safer to perform if the cataract was far advanced (mature) and both eyes were involved. The surgeon was constrained from early surgery by the frequency of severe complications, the long convalescent period, and the distortions of aphakic glasses. Now it is easier to perform phacoemulsification and implant lenses in the early stages of cataract formation when the nucleus is soft and the posterior lens capsule has not been weakened with age. Also, modern small-incision extracapsular cataract extraction has a low rate of complications and a short convalescent period. It is feasible to extract a clear lens or one with minimal opacifications and have a grateful patient. The surgeon is capable of improving the refractive state of the eye by selecting the power of the intraocular lens. These facts have led to instances where cataracts have been extracted that were responsible for minimal or no symptoms. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Macular edema induced by phacoemulsification

Purpose: To characterise the association between lens phacoemulsification and the development of macular edema. Methods: We studied 15 patients who underwent lens phacoemulsification in our clinic between January and April 1998 performed by the same surgeon. Ultrasound power and cumulative time was noted. Follow-up was performed at 1 day, 1 week, 1, 3 and 6 months after operation. On each visit corneal thickness, best corrected visual acuity, biomicroscopy and fluorescein angiography were performed. Patients with systemic diseases and/or retinal diseases were not included. Results: Visual acuity was inversely related to the amount of energy delivered during phacoemulsification. In patients who had received more than 1 Joule of energy, fluorescein angiography revealed a higher incidence of blood retinal barrier breakdown. Corneal thickness was not correlated with the ultrasound energy used. Conclusions: Excessive use of power during phacoemulsification may hamper the postoperative evolution of cataract surgery. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

老年性白内障晶状体上皮细胞凋亡的DNA片段分析及TUNEL检测

目的 探讨老年性白内障晶状体上皮细胞凋亡的生化特征。方法 用ＤＮＡ片段分析及ＴＵＮＥＬ法共检测３１例老年性白内障患者晶状体上皮细胞凋亡。结果 ＤＮＡ片段分析显示,老年性白内障患者晶状体上皮细胞有ＤＮＡ“梯状”图谱,而健康成年人晶状体上皮细胞未见ＤＮＡ断裂现象;ＴＵＮＥＬ检测发现,老年性白内障患者晶本上皮细胞中有凋亡细胞,而健康成年人晶状体上皮中无明显的凋亡细胞。结论 老年性白内障发生与晶状体上皮细