边境难民伤病预测的影响因素量化指标体系研究

目的:为了确定影响边境地区难民伤病各因素的重要程度,为难民伤病预测提供依据.方法:通过对相关文献的检索与研究,整理概括出边境地区难民伤病的主要影响因素,并将其指标分为三级,量化指标体系的建立按照德尔菲法,即专家咨询的方法步骤进行.经过三轮咨询,根据专家反馈意见修改指标名称及内涵,并结合运用层次分析法和对比排序法确定各指标的权重.结果:构建了边境难民伤病影响因素的三级指标体系,确定了4个一级指标:自然因素、社会因素、医学因素和战争因素,12个二级指标以及37个三级指标,求得了各指标的权重.结论:本研究结果可作为难民伤病预测的依据,并为做好边境难民的卫勤保障提供参考.     

中国维和军医战伤救治技能培训效果评估

目的 通过调查中国部署前维和军医战伤救治能力现状,分析维和军医战伤救治技能培训中存在的问题,为完善培训内容提供借鉴.方法 采取整群抽样法,纳入部署前中国维和分队一级医院军医作为研究对象,通过问卷调查法、理论考核、桌面推演和实训演练(包括现场评估、检伤分类、胸腔闭式引流术),对35名完成战伤救治培训的维和军医进行调查.问...     

山地进攻战役减员的统计学模型

目的：建立山地进攻战役减员的统计学模型，提供计算机模拟研究的基础。方法：收集了我军某次战争某战役方向战役减员的经验数据，计算每日成员率，采用柯尔莫哥洛夫—斯米尔诺夫方法进行统计分布的拟合优度检验，运用博克斯—詹金斯方法建立时间序列模型。结果：战役减员率分布符合伽玛分布，时间序列模型为ARIMA(0，1，1)。结论：时间序列模型能够较好地说明减员分布的统计学特征。     

REBOA by a non-surgeon as an adjunct during MASCAL

Use of Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) for control of non-compressible hemorrhage is a re-emerging technology that historically is employed by surgeons. We present a case in which REBOA was successfully placed by an emergency physician in a critical mass casualty patient awaiting transfer to the operating table. This case is an example in which emergency physicians, in collaboration with the surgeon, can utilize REBOA to temporize non-compressible hemorrhage when a surgeon is not immediately available.     

Radiology's Role and Common Injuries in Mass Casualty Blast Incidents

The central role of radiology in the decision-making process for managing blast injury victims ensures a large percent of mass casualty patients will require radiology services during their initial assessment. The potential for movement of significant number of seriously injured patients through radiology requires familiarity with the mechanisms of blast injury, potential red flags for patients who should proceed to definitive care rather than additional studies, and early signs of deterioration to watch for while in the radiology department.     

A C ASE S ERIES A NALYSIS OF M ASS C ASUALTY I NCIDENTS

Introduction. Mass casualty incidents (MCIs) are infrequent but potentially overwhelming events that can stress the capabilities of even the most organized emergency medical services (EMS) system. The Maryland EMS system has been identified as a pioneer and leader in the field of prehospital emergency care and, as with many states, Maryland's regional preparation for MCIs has been integrated into its overall EMS systems planning. Objective. To determine how successful this integration has been by examining a three-year history of response to MCIs in Maryland. Methods. A three-year case series of MCIs in Maryland was obtained from a Nexis national news publications search. These MCIs were cross-referenced with U.S. postal ZIP codes and the U.S. Census Bureau's ZIP code files. They were then mapped and summary statistics were prepared for analysis. Data obtained through the Maryland Health Services Cost Review Commission for all severely injured patients discharged from Maryland hospitals were obtained over the same three-year period for comparison. Results. Eight MCIs occurred over a three-year period, resulting in a total of 203 injuries. An average of 25.4 ± 10.7 injuries occurred per MCI. A total of 158 (77.8%) of injuries necessitated ambulance transportation. An average of 3.1 ± 1.1 hospitals were involved per MCI. Conclusions. The Maryland EMS system was effective in responding to MCIs ranging in size from 10 to nearly 40 injuries. Analyzing MCIs that reoccur on a year-to-year basis should figure into the planning process for EMS systems.     

新型高级创伤外科机动救治力量及其培训体系的建立

未来远海环境下的舰艇编队作战将成为我海军主要作战形式。远海作战战场广阔、攻防形势转换快、所致伤情伤势复杂,易在任意时间、任意战场地点瞬间产生批量伤员,救治难度极大。本文系统介绍了一种针对远海舰艇编队作战的新型高级创伤外科机动救治队伍及其专属模块化、标准化、轻量化的手术复苏装备系统,并阐述其培训体系构想,以备卫勤研究者、参与者借鉴参考。     

Analysis of multiple casualty incidents - a prospective cohort study

Background:  Our aim was to report the rate and causes for multiple casualty incidents (MCI) to analyse the prehospital part of responding to MCIs, report mortality and find areas for improvement.
Methods:  A prospective cohort study conducted in an urban emergency medical service (EMS) between 1.3.1998 and 28.2.2004.
Results:  Fifty-nine MCIs involving 263 patients (167 walking, 96 non-walking) occurred. The incidence of MCIs was 1.8/100,000 inhabitants year⁻¹. Traffic accidents were the most common cause followed by residential fires, intoxications and stabbings or shootings. Early MCI alarm by the dispatching centre was performed in 18 MCIs. Deviations from standard emergency medical care occurred in 12% of patients. Lack of immobilization of the neck or back in trauma patients and lack of administration of 100% oxygen in suspected carbon monoxide intoxication were the most common deviations. Deviations were related to the lack of presence of on-scene medical command ( P =  0.0013) and inadequate resources ( P =  0.0342). One hundred and ninety-two patients were transported to emergency departments. Mortality during the prehospital phase was 4.9% (13/263) and during the next 28 days 2.3% (6/263). Adequate resources for safe and effective management of a MCI were related to an early MCI alarm by the dispatching centre ( P =  0,022) and to the presence of on-scene medical command ( P <  0,001).
Conclusions:  Traffic accidents, residential fires and intoxications were the leading causes for MCIs. Emergency medical service could respond to most MCIs efficiently and safely. Majority of deviations from standard medical care seemed potentially preventable. Several areas for improvement were identified. From prehospital links, the dispatching centre and on-scene medical command had a vital role in the successful management of MCIs.