INSTITUTE OF FORESTERS OF AUSTRALIA EIGHTH TRIENNIAL CONFERENCE—ADELAIDE

There is a critical shortage of fuelwood in many developing countries. The need is most serious in sub-tropical arid/semi-arid areas, the humid tropics and the tropical highlands. Historically, Australian eucalypts have been used widely for this purpose but increasingly there is a need to carefully consider the potential fuelwood role of many other Australian species. This article discusses ecological, botanical and management criteria that could be used in the selection of Australian species with potential for fuelwood production. A short list of possible fuelwood species is presented.     

The Efficiency of Viscum album ssp. album and Hypericum perforatum on Human Immune Cells In Vitro

Viscum album L. ssp. album and Hypericum perforatum L. are used for the treatment of different diseases. In this study, the effects of these herbals on immune cells were assessed in vitro. The phagocytosis, candidacidal activity of neutrophils and adhesion function of epithelial cells were investigated. Also, the expression of the surface markers of lymphocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry. It was observed that V. album ssp. album increased phagocytic activity and candidacidal activity of neutrophils and decreased adhesion function of epithelial cells. We also observed that in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by Viscum album L. ssp. album the levels of CD4⁺CD25⁺ and CD8⁺CD25⁺ T cells, CD69 expressions in the activated T lymphocytes and CD3^-CD16⁺CD56⁺ NK cells increased compared to the cells that were not stimulated by this herbal. Whereas CD4⁺CD25⁺, CD8⁺CD25⁺ T cells, CD 69 expression and CD3^-CD16⁺CD56⁺ Natural killer cells did not show any significant differences with the presence of Hypericum perforatum L. compared to the control group. Hypericum perforatum L. increased candidacidal activity of neutrophils and decreased adhesion function of epithelial cells. In the light of these findings, it is considered that these extracts may be used as an adjuvant treatment option for immune activation in immunosuppressed patients.     

Cytotoxic effects of the Viscum album L. extract on Ehrlich tumour cells in vivo

To date most pharmacological studies on mistletoe (Viscum album L.) have focused on the therapeutic properties of its polar extracts. This study examined the non-polar constituents of Viscum album and their biological activities. Supercritical CO(2) extraction coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to selectively extract and identify compounds in Viscum album leaves. Several non-polar classes of compounds were identified in the extract. In addition, a volatile fraction was identified that contained several novel terpene molecules. The hypothesis was tested that the Viscum album extract exhibits cytotoxic properties in Ehrlich carcinoma (EAC) cells in vivo due to the induction of oxidative stress. A significant reduction in the incidence of cancer was observed in all groups that received the Viscum album extract compared with the EAC control group. The largest decrease was observed in mice pretreated with the Viscum album extract, although significantly reduced numbers of EAC cells were also observed in animals with developed carcinoma. The activities of antioxidative enzymes in the EAC cells suggested the absence of oxidative stress. However, changes in the antioxidative enzymes activities observed after administration of the Viscum album extract might be due to the induction of oxidative stress in the EAC cells.     

青果中氨基酸成分的测定

用日立835氨基酸自动分析仪测定了青果中氨基酸的种类和含量,共计18种,其中包括其它植物中较少有的牛磺酸.氨基酸总量为4.45mg/g生药.     

How does interleukin-6 affect the membrane expressions of interleukin-6 receptor and gp130 and the proliferation of the human myeloma cell line OPM-2?

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a potent growth factor for the proliferation of multiple myeloma (MM), which accounts for 1-2% of all human cancers. In this study we investigated the effects of IL-6 in various doses on the following parameters in the human myeloma cell line OPM-2: membrane expression of IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) and gp130, proliferation of the tumour cells and the amount of the soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) in the supernatant. Additionally, we tested the same parameters with the immunomodulator Viscum album (VA) extract. The expression of surface IL-6R and gp130 was analysed by FACS, the measurements of proliferation using the BrdU incorporation during DNA synthesis, and the determination of sIL-6R in the supernatant by ELISA. OPM-2 cells proliferate spontaneously (doubling time: 48 h), IL-6-production was not detectable. The exogenous IL-6 upregulated its own receptor up to a mean of 180% of controls at 5 ng/ml (P < 0.001), higher or lower doses were less effective. The membrane expression of gp130 was downregulated to 1-2%. IL-6 led to increase of the sIL-6R in the supernatant (P < 0.001) and raised the proliferation of the myeloma cells up to a mean of 124% (P < 0.001). These results indicate that the human myeloma cell line OPM-2 has an autocrine IL-6 regulation mechanism, with an additional paracrine signalling by exogenous IL-6. This is the first report that IL-6 inhibits the membrane expression of gp130, although the proliferation of the myeloma cells increases. VA extract did not affect survival, the expression of surface receptors IL-6 and gp130 or the amount of sIL-6R in the supernatant. However, the proliferation of the tumour cells was inhibited significantly (P < 0.05) suggesting a possible arrest in the cell cycle.     

青果抗乙肝病毒成分研究

青果(Canarium album Raeusch)经去果核,脱脂,酸水解,水解液回收溶剂后碱萃取,萃取液酸化,再以溶剂提取,回收溶剂,经柱层析,洗脱,重结晶,得成品,得率0.5％。经测试,结晶mp=239℃,M=170,经~1HNMR、~(13)CNMR、IR、MS检测,鉴定为没食子酸,理化性质与标准品或图谱基本一致,用ELISA法检测,抗HBsAg/HBeAg均有效,其效果与没食子酸对照品基本相同,认为没食子酸是青果中抗乙肝病毒有效成分之一。     

血小板数与脾大小之比、血清-腹水白蛋白梯度与肝硬化食管静脉曲张的关系

目的探讨I缸小板数与脾大小之比、血清-腹水白蛋白梯度和肝硬化食管静脉曲张的关系。方法对101例肝硬化合并腹水者进行生化检测、腹部B超、胃镜检查,分析食管静脉曲张与脾长、脾厚、脾大小（长×厚）、门静脉及脾静脉直径、血小板数、血小板数与脾大小之比及血清-腹水自蛋白梯度的关系。结果食管静脉曲张组血小板数与脾大小之比为1.4±1.0.其血清-腹水白蛋白梯度为（24.1±10.4）g／L。无食管静脉曲张组血小板数与脾大小之比为1.9±0.9,其血清-腹水白蛋白梯度为（14.4±8.3）g／L,两者比较有显著性差异,经Logistic回归分析其可预测食管静脉曲张的发生。结论当内镜不能顺利实施时,血小板数与脾大小之比及血清-腹水向蛋白梯度可作为预测食管静脉曲张的一种经济、无创的手段。     

檀香萜烯合成酶基因的克隆与序列分析

目的通过克隆技术获得参与檀香挥发油形成的萜烯合成酶基因。方法利用CTAB-LiCl法提取檀香已结香心材总RNA,采用RT-PCR技术克隆萜烯合成酶基因。结果克隆获得了一个檀香萜烯合成酶基因,该基因编码区全长1 731 bp,编码576个氨基酸残基。结论 CTAB-LiCl法能提取较高质量的檀香心材总RNA,克隆获得的萜烯合成酶具有编码区。     

檀香不同部位总黄酮含量比较

目的比较不同部位檀香总黄酮的含量,为其综合利用提供依据。方法定期采集檀香不同部位样品,以芦丁为对照品,紫外-可见光光度法在500nm处测定其总黄酮含量。结果檀香叶、嫩枝、树干的总黄酮含量分别为5.42%、2.38%、0.72%。结论檀香叶和嫩枝总黄酮含量均较高,可考虑综合利用。     

三种辅助教学工具在皮肤科教学中作用的比较

目的：比较三种辅助教学工具在皮肤科教学中的作用,探讨提高皮肤科教学质量的方法。方法：结合以往教学经验,并分别以示意图、彩照影集、多媒体为主要辅助教学工具对三组学生进行授课,随后进行考试,将三组学生考试成绩进行比较分析。结果：示意图组学生成绩为76．95±4．59,影集组学生成绩为79．39±4．42,多媒体组学生成绩为89．19±4．71。三组学生成绩差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：多媒体辅助教学具有突出的优势,但三种教学X-具各有优缺点,我们应该根据内容需要分别采用不同的辅助教学工具或者联合应用。