精神科护士心理资本对工作倦怠的影响

目的探讨精神科护士心理资本与工作倦怠的关系,改善护士身心健康,降低其工作倦怠,提高精神科护士工作效率和改进招聘选拔标准。方法通过随机取样,采用一般情况调查表,Luthans心理资本问卷（PCQ-24）及工作倦怠量表（MBI—Gs）,对某地区精神卫生中心的103名护士进行问卷调查。结果不同学历,职称和工作年限的精神科护士自我价值维度得分,组间比较具有统计学差异（F=3．95,P〈0．05;F=4．47,5．37;P〈0．01）,月收入不同的护士之间的希望维度组间比较差异有统计学意义（F=5．74,P〈0．01）,职称不同护士的韧性维度得分,组间比较具有统计学差异（F=4．96,P〈0．01）。工作年限不同的精神科护士心理资本中疲劳感维度,组间比较有统计学差异（F=5．36,P〈0．01）,职称和月收入不同的精神科护士的成就感降低维度,组间比较有统计学差异（F=5．84,6．83,P〈0．01）。除了心理资本的希望维度与工作倦怠的人际关系敏感维度之间相关不显著外,精神科护士心理资本的其他维度与工作倦怠的其他维度都呈负性相关（P〈0．01）。结论精神科护士的心理资本与工作倦怠程度密切相关,心理资本可以显著改善工作倦怠的负面影响作用。     

The Reciprocal Relationship Between Work Characteristics and Employee Burnout and Engagement: A Longitudinal Study of Firefighters

The paradigm of this study is positive occupational psychology, with the job demands‐resources model as the research model and the Conservation of Resources theory as the general stress theory. The research design analyses the job demands‐resources model's dynamic nature with normal and reversed causation effects between work characteristics and psychological well‐being among Portuguese firefighters. In addition, we analyse a positive (engagement) dimension and a negative (burnout) dimension in the firefighters' well‐being, because previously, studies have merely focused on the strain or stress of these professionals. The research questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 651 firefighters, and a two‐wave full panel design was used. Cross‐lagged panel analyses indicated that the causal direction of the relationship between organizational demands and burnout is reciprocal. Also, we found that the reciprocal model, including cross‐lagged reciprocal relationships between organizational demands/supervisory support and burnout/engagement, respectively, is what fits the data best. Practical implications to develop organizational change programmes and suggestions for future research regarding the promotion of occupational health are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stress in the Courtroom: Call for research

Recent acts of violence against judges highlight the growing number of occupational stressors that judges encounter. In addition to threats of violence, judges often deal with substantial workloads, traumatic cases, and the pressure of making significant decisions. It is important to understand these stressors, because they could negatively affect judges' abilities to handle evidence, protect jurors, and make decisions. Approaches (work-related burnout, compassion fatigue, and vicarious traumatization) to assessing work-related stress, and their corresponding scales (Maslach Burnout Inventory, Compassion Fatigue Self-Test, Traumatic Stress Institute Belief Scale), are presented, as a first step in developing a scale to assess the extent and prevalence of judge stress. Following assessment research, researchers should develop intervention strategies to alleviate problematic sources of stress for judges.     

A Road Map to Foster Wellness and Engagement in Our Workplace—A Report of the 2018 Summer Intersociety Meeting

The 2018 radiology Intersociety Committee reviewed the current state of stress and burnout in our workplaces and identified approaches for fostering engagement, wellness, and job satisfaction. In addition to emphasizing the importance of personal wellness (the fourth aim of health care), the major focus of the meeting was to identify strategies and themes to mitigate the frequency, manifestations, and impact of stress. Strategies include reducing the stigma of burnout, minimizing isolation through community building and fostering connectivity, utilizing data and benchmarking to guide effectiveness of improvement efforts, resourcing and training “wellness” committees, acknowledging value contributions of team members, and improving efficiency in the workplace. Four themes were identified to prioritize organizational efforts: (1) collecting, analyzing, and benchmarking data; (2) developing effective leadership; (3) building high-functioning teams; and (4) amplifying our voice to increase our influence.     

护理工作差错与工作满意度、职业倦怠的关系——基于部分三甲医院的实证研究

目的:统计三甲医院护理人员的护理工作差错发生情况,分析其与护理工作满意度、职业倦怠的关系。方法:2017年2月—8月采用整群随机抽样方法,选择4所三甲医院中符合标准的护理人员320名。采用一般资料调查问卷、护理工作差错调查问卷、工作满意度调查问卷、职业倦怠调查问卷对护理人员的工作情况进行调查分析,探讨护理工作差错与工作满意度及职业倦怠的相关性。结果:65.61%的护理人员承认在过去1年工作中发生护理差错。护理工作差错发生与工作满意度及职业倦怠呈相关性,护理人员个人的成就感、去人格化以及超负荷工作、工作不被认可、管理缺失、责任不明、福利待遇低等原因容易导致护理工作差错的发生。结论:基于工作满意度与职业倦怠对护理人员工作差错的影响,应通过制度优化,提高护理人员满意度,缓解职业倦怠,从而降低护理差错发生率。     

Personal resilience as a strategy for surviving and thriving in the face of workplace adversity: a literature review

AIM: This paper is a report of a literature review to explore the concept of personal resilience as a strategy for responding to workplace adversity and to identify strategies to enhance personal resilience in nurses. BACKGROUND: Workplace adversity in nursing is associated with excessive workloads, lack of autonomy, bullying and violence and organizational issues such as restructuring, and has been associated with problems retaining nurses in the workforce. However, despite these difficulties many nurses choose to remain in nursing, and survive and even thrive despite a climate of workplace adversity. DATA SOURCES: The literature CINAHL, EBSCO, Medline and Pubmed databases were searched from 1996 to 2006 using the keywords 'resilience', 'resilience in nursing', and 'workplace adversity' together with 'nursing'. Papers in English were included. FINDINGS: Resilience is the ability of an individual to positively adjust to adversity, and can be applied to building personal strengths in nurses through strategies such as: building positive and nurturing professional relationships; maintaining positivity; developing emotional insight; achieving life balance and spirituality; and, becoming more reflective. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that nurses can actively participate in the development and strengthening of their own personal resilience to reduce their vulnerability to workplace adversity and thus improve the overall healthcare setting. We recommend that resilience-building be incorporated into nursing education and that professional support should be encouraged through mentorship programmes outside nurses' immediate working environments.     

Professional burnout and work engagement among dentists

A recent development within burnout research is the shift to its conceptual opposite: work engagement. This study aimed to unravel the concepts of burnout and work engagement, and to determine their levels among dentists. A representative sample of 497 Dutch general dental practitioners was included (survey response rate of 59%), consisting of 372 men and 121 women (the gender of 4 dentists remained unknown). The hypothesized three-factor structure of work engagement (vigor, dedication, and absorption), as measured by the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), was substantiated among dentists. It was also found that work engagement was related negatively to burnout, as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). However, a model consisting of a reduced ('core') burnout factor and an 'enhanced' engagement factor (composed of the three original factors plus the burnout factor, personal accomplishment) showed the best fit. Overall burnout levels among dentists are low, and the levels of engagement indicate that dentists have a positive working attitude.     

安宁疗护护士对哀伤辅导影响因素感知的质性研究

目的 了解安宁疗护护士对哀伤辅导影响因素的感知,为探索哀伤辅导护理路径、推动安宁疗护的规范化开展提供参考。方法采用描述性现象学研究,选取江苏省9个安宁疗护试点单位的21名安宁疗护护士进行半结构式访谈,运用Colaizzi 7步分析法进行资料分析。结果共归纳出感知到的个人因素（感知重要性但能力不足、哀伤辅导经验积累、共情投入、益处发现、职业倦怠）、工作因素（工作负荷、上级重视与支持）和患方因素（家庭内部关系、灵性需求、年龄与病程）3个主题和10个亚主题。结论安宁疗护护士哀伤辅导的影响因素较为复杂,应加强安宁疗护护士哀伤辅导能力培养,加大哀伤辅导工作的组织支持力度,在哀伤辅导过程中重视患者及家属的个性化需求,为家属提供高质量、高水平的哀伤辅导服务。     

护士长工作疲溃感和婚姻质量相关性的研究进展

简述了工作疲渍感、婚姻质量的概念及其关系，并对护士长工作疲渍感和婚姻质量的研究现状进行综述。