Affective core consciousness and the instroke

Solms and Panksepp have revolutionised concepts of consciousness and unconsciousness. Consciousness is generated by the id, in the brainstem, arises endogenously and is affective. Subjectivity is not corticocentric but located in the upper brainstem. Cortical consciousness is built upon this subjectivity and could not exist without brainstem consciousness. But the reverse is possible. The classical body representation in the cortex is an object representation located in brain areas that create all representations but an internal subjective body exists in the brainstem as the subject of perception. The author reviews 35 years of working with the instroke of the pulsation, which leads to two further developments: the endo self-state and the understanding that the relationship with the self is the most primary relationship. Solms and Panksepp’s work supports both developments grounding these in the functioning of a brainstem subjectivity. In addition, there is encouragement for Reich’s model of the importance of the body, the vegetative system and working with primary emotions.     

Ⅰ型腰骶移行椎与正常第5腰椎的形态学比较及其临床意义

目的　探讨Ⅰ型腰骶移行椎与正常第5腰椎椎体的形态学差异,为临床应用提供形态学依据。 方法　选取Ⅰ型腰骶移行椎和正常第5腰椎标本各60例,观测：椎体上下终板前后径、横径;椎体前缘高度、后缘高度及其前/后高比值;椎弓根纵、横径。统计学分析并进行t检验。 结果　I型移行椎与正常第5腰椎相比,椎体上、下终板前后径及横径差异均有显著意义（P<0.01）;椎体的上、下前后径大1~2 mm,上、下横径大2~3 mm,前高大0.7~1.2 mm,后高大0.8~1 mm,统计均有显著意义;椎体的前/后高度比值及椎弓根纵横径I型移行椎与正常第5腰椎之间差异均无显著意义。 结论　I型腰骶移行椎椎体各径线较正常第5腰椎椎体稍大, 但形态相近; I型移行椎椎体与正常第5腰椎椎体无明显区别,I型腰骶移行椎椎弓根螺钉进钉可按正常第5腰椎方法进行。     

Comparison between body mass index and a body shape index with adiponectin/leptin ratio and markers of glucose metabolism among adolescents

Background: Besides body mass index (BMI), new parameters have been developed to classify individual body shape.

Aim: To investigate the relationship between BMI, waist circumference (WC), a body shape index (ABSI) and ABSI-adolescents among adolescents and verify which would better predict lower adiponectin/leptin (A/L) ratio and disturbances on glucose metabolism.

Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study with 197 Brazilian adolescents of 14–18?years. Serum leptin, adiponectin, glucose and insulin were measured. A/L ratio, ABSI, ABSI-adolescents, BMI, homeostasis model assessment estimates of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA-β) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were calculated.

Results: ABSI-adolescents positively correlated with WC (r?=?0.83, p?r?=?0.66, p?r?=?0.95, p?p?r?=??0.63, p?p?r?=??0.75; HOMA-IR: r?=?0.76; HOMA-β: r?=?0.77; insulin: r?=?0.79). Associations were confirmed by linear regression analysis, adjusted for sex and age.

Conclusions: ABSI-adolescents, but not ABSI, was related to A/L ratio and to markers of glucose metabolism, but not more strongly than BMI and WC.     

Dendritic cells in the host response to implanted materials

The role of dendritic cells (DCs) and their targeted manipulation in the body’s response to implanted materials is an important and developing area of investigation, and a large component of the emerging field of biomaterials-based immune engineering. The key position of DCs in the immune system, serving to bridge innate and adaptive immunity, is facilitated by rich diversity in type and function and places DCs as a critical mediator to biomaterials of both synthetic and natural origins. This review presents current views regarding DC biology and summarizes recent findings in DC responses to implanted biomaterials. Based on these findings, there is promise that the directed programming of application-specific DC responses to biomaterials can become a reality, enabling and enhancing applications almost as diverse as the larger field of biomaterials itself.     

Immediate effects of foot orthoses on pain during functional tasks in people with patellofemoral osteoarthritis: A cross-over,proof-of-concept study

Background

The purpose of the study was to determine whether prefabricated foot orthoses immediately reduce pain during functional tasks in people with patellofemoral osteoarthritis, compared to flat insoles and shoes alone.

甘肃兰州市区城镇居民体成分分析

目的分析甘肃兰州市区城镇成人居民体成分和脂肪分布随年龄变化的特点及发展趋势,为改善居民的身体状况提供理论依据。方法采用生物电阻抗法(日本产MC-180型人体成分分析仪)对1357名男女居民进行测试,对测试结果进行统计学分析。结果 20~79岁年龄段男女性居民体脂率、腰臀比(WHR)随年龄的增长而递增。蛋白质总量、肌肉总量、推定骨量、身体水分、身体质量指数(BMI)值随年龄的增长呈先升后降的趋势。内脏脂肪男、女性均随年龄的增长而增长,皮下脂肪男性随年龄的增长呈先升后降的趋势,女性则随年龄的递增而递增。结论男性居民在20~岁年龄段后、女性在40~岁年龄段后出现了腹内型肥胖,男性在30~岁年龄段后,女性在60~岁年龄段后出现超重,超出了警戒范围。     

河南地区回族围绝经期女性骨密度与体成分的关系

目的:从人体组成学的角度探讨围绝经期女性的骨密度、血生化指标和体成分的关系。方法:筛选围绝经期骨质疏松症患者(观察组)和健康女性(对照组),采用双能X线检测骨密度,采用生物电阻抗分析法检测体成分,并进一步检测相关的血生化指标。结果:骨量及腕部骨密度随着年龄的增长逐渐降低,并且观察组低于对照组。与对照组相比,50岁前体质量升高,50岁以后无变化;脂肪率在45岁以前降低而在45岁以后升高;观察组各年龄段的卵泡刺激素、甲状旁腺素、骨钙素均升高,而血清雌二醇降低;观察组的脂肪率在绝经前期降低,在绝经期和绝经后期升高,而骨量和腕部骨密度在3个时期均降低。在围绝经期,观察组的卵泡刺激素、甲状旁腺素和骨钙素升高,而雌二醇的浓度降低。此外,骨密度与骨钙素、骨量、血清雌二醇关系最为密切,其次为非脂肪率、脂肪率、甲状旁腺素、卵泡刺激素。结论:河南地区围绝经期女性骨密度既受雌激素、卵泡刺激素、甲状旁腺素等激素水平的影响,又与脂肪量、非脂肪率、骨量等体成分有着密切的关系,为利用体成分指标预测围绝经期女性骨质疏松症的发生提供可能的理论基础。     

中国城市汉族人身高、体质量与纬度的关系

目的:研究中国城市汉族人的身高、体质量与纬度的相关性。方法:根据随机采样原则,按照《人体测量方法》的规定,2009年~2013年在中国22个省共31个地区测量了10 451例城市汉族人的身高、体质量等20项指标值,并计算了7项指数和体脂率。结果:随纬度增加,男性、女性的头部、面部、躯干、下肢的高度值均增大,共同导致身高与纬度呈正相关。下肢全长增加的速度均超过身高增加的速度,北方汉族人的下肢占身高的比例大于南方汉族。随纬度增加,汉族城市人身体脂肪逐渐增多,胸腔、腹腔内脏器官和脂肪的体积增加、躯干宽度增大、躯干骨骼增重、臀部肌肉及脂肪增多;女性上臂、背部、腹部、小腿的皮下脂肪厚度呈线性增加,男性背部皮下脂肪厚度随纬度增加而呈线性增厚,男性大腿骨骼、女性上臂骨骼变得粗大,女性上臂肌肉逐渐发达,这些变化共同导致了体质量与纬度呈正相关。结论:汉族城市成年男性、女性的身高、体质量均与纬度呈正相关。     

拉萨藏族儿童青少年跟骨骨强度的年龄变化及其影响因素

目的:收集拉萨藏族儿童青少年骨强度指数数据,探讨其随年龄变化规律并分析年龄、性别、身高、体质量、体质量指数(BMI)、去脂体质量、脂肪质量、肌肉质量、基础代谢对该人群骨强度指数的影响。方法:采用随机整群抽样法抽取拉萨藏族儿童青少年共1 227例(男592例,女635例),定量骨超声测量跟骨骨强度指数,生物电阻抗法检测体成分,所获数据录人SPSS20.0软件,进行统计分析。结果:拉萨藏族儿童青少年随着年龄增加,骨强度指数及其影响因素均呈上升趋势;同年龄组间比较,骨强度指数仅在8岁组出现性别差异;其他指标多在12岁以后出现显著性别差异。女性10～15岁,骨强度指数增长较快;而男性12岁以后开始快速增长。骨强度指数与年龄、身高、体质量、BMI、去脂体质量、脂肪质量、肌肉质量及基础代谢均呈正相关关系。多元线性回归分析显示,体质量、年龄和去脂体质量是跟骨骨强度指数的主要影响因素。结论:拉萨藏族儿童青少年男女跟骨骨强度指数变化规律不一致,其主要影响因素为体质量、年龄及去脂体质量。