高渗氯化钠对重度烧冲复合伤早期治疗的实验研究

为探讨高渗盐液在烧冲合伤早期复苏时使用的可能性。用狗３０只，分别致成２５％体表Ⅲ度烧伤复合中度冲击伤。伤后分３组给与不等量的水和钠，伤后第１个２４ｈ，致伤对照组，高渗盐液和晶胶治疗组分别给钠为０．１２３ｍｍｏｌ．ｋｇ＾－＾１．１％ＢＳＡ＾－＾１，０．５００ｍｍｏｌ．ｋｇ＾－＾１．１％ＢＳＡ＾－＾１Ｔ ０．３０４ｍｍｏｌ．ｋｇ＾－＾１．１％ＢＳＡ＾－＾１。３组均于伤后２ｈ开始开给液。结果显示，高渗盐     

高原冲击伤的损伤特点研究

目的：探讨高原冲击伤的损伤特点。方法：大鼠分别暴露于环境压力53.99kpx,61.33kpa和96.60kpa，然后用BST-I型生物激波管致伤，冲击波超压峰值为190.40kpa，正压持续时间为10ms.结果:随环境气压降低,冲击波所引起的大鼠死亡率明显增加,肺损伤程度明显加重,伤后6h,53.99kpa,61.33kpa和96.60kpa暴露组的死亡率分别为35.0%,25.0%和0%,肺出血和肺水肿的程度随环境压降低而明显加重,平均肺体脂数分别为1.49%,1.31%和0.93%.结论:环境气压降低可降代动物对冲击波的耐受性，高原冲击伤的死亡率和肺损伤程度较海平面和低海拔地区更高。     

兔面神经爆炸性损伤的病理学变化

目的　研究兔面神经爆炸伤的损伤情况及相关病理变化。方法　选用点状爆炸源 ,距新西兰白兔面部 2mm处引爆致伤。分别于伤后 6小时、1天、3天、1周、2周取面神经 ,在光镜、电镜下观察神经轴突、髓鞘、雪旺细胞及神经纤维周围结缔组织的变化。结果　 0 .12 5gTNT当量炸药球距兔左面部 2mm处引爆 ,致兔面部软组织挫裂伤、下颌骨粉碎性骨折。伤后动物出现面瘫症状 ,但面神经连续性较好。伤后 1天光镜下观察 ,面神经轴突肿胀 ,但神经外膜延续性尚好 ,并有大量炎细胞弥散浸润。伤后 3天出现髓鞘空泡样变 ,板层分离 ,轴索发生广泛肿胀、断裂。伤后 1周轴索染色不均 ,坏死崩解 ,炎症开始消退。伤后 2周时未见明显轴索再生。结论　面神经爆炸伤以严重的神经干间接伤为主 ,其范围广泛 ,轴索及髓鞘出现相应病理改变 ,伤后 1周内神经损伤随时间加重     

Handheld ultrasound device for detection of non-opaque and semi-opaque foreign bodies in soft tissues

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine whether a portable handheld ultrasound device can be used to visualize non-opaque and semi-opaque foreign bodies in soft tissues and to characterize their sonographic appearance. METHODS: Twenty-two fragments composed of various natural and man-made materials and ranging from 4 to 20 mm in the maximum longitudinal dimension were embedded into 2 thawed turkey breasts. Two sonographers who were unaware of the number, dimensions, and locations of the fragments used a handheld ultrasound device to detect and characterize the fragments on the basis of their surface echogenicity and acoustic shadowing. The sonographic appearance of each fragment was compared with its actual characteristics. RESULTS: All 22 embedded fragments were successfully identified and localized on sonography. Surface echogenicity and acoustic shadowing varied among the fragments. For some fragments, the sonographically measured maximum longitudinal dimension differed substantially from the actual dimension. CONCLUSIONS: Use of a portable handheld ultrasound device is effective for the detection of foreign bodies with a diameter greater than 4 mm in soft tissues. The sonographic appearances of non-opaque and semi-opaque foreign bodies vary in their patterns of surface echogenicity and acoustic shadowing.     

In vitro studies of primary explosive blast loading on neurons

In a military setting, traumatic brain injury (TBI) is frequently caused by blast waves that can trigger a series of neuronal biochemical changes. Although many animal models have been used to study the effects of primary blast waves, elucidating the mechanisms of damage in a whole‐animal model is extremely complex. In vitro models of primary blast, which allow for the deconvolution of mechanisms, are relatively scarce. It is largely unknown how structural damage at the cellular level impacts the functional activity at variable time scales after the TBI event. A novel in vitro system was developed to probe the effects of explosive blast (ranging from ∼25 to 40 psi) on dissociated neurons. PC12 neurons were cultured on laminin‐coated substrates, submerged underwater, and subjected to single and multiple blasts in a controlled environment. Changes in cell membrane permeability, viability, and cell morphology were evaluated. Significant increases in axonal beading were observed in the injured cells. In addition, although cell death was minimal after a single insult, cell viability decreased significantly following repeated blast exposure. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Analysis of isodicentric Ph chromosomes in chronic myeloid leukemia blast crisis北大核心CSCD

Objective To explore the genetic and clinical characteristics of isodicentric Ph chromosomes [idic(Ph)] in lymphoid blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML-BLC). Methods Bone marrow aspirates of 2 patients withCML-BLC were analyzed by R banding after 24 hours of culturing. Genomic copy number variations (CNV) wereanalyzed by single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP array) in case 1. The results were confirmed withfluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Variations of acute lymphoblastic leukemia-related genes includingCDKN2A/AB and PAX5 were detected by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplication (MLPA). Results Deletionsand duplications on derivative chromosome 9 detected by FISH were confirmed by SNP array analysis. Thedistances between the BCR/ ABL fusion signals on the idic(Ph) chromosomes in the two patients have differedgreatly. The idic(Ph) in the second patient was supposed to be formed by two Ph chromosomes joined at their qterminals, where as the idic(Ph) in the first patient have been shown to be fused at the satellite regions oftheir p arms. Conclusion The idic(Ph) chromosomes presented in CML-BLC may predict resistance to Imatinib andresponse to Dasatinib.     

Daunomycin,cytosin-arabinoside and VP-16 (DAV) for myeloid blast crisis of CML

Summary Nine patients with myeloid blast crisis of Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia received 1–3 courses of intensive induction chemotherapy with DAT (daunomycin, cytosin-arabinoside and 6-thioguanin) or DAV (daunomycin, cytosin-arabinoside and VP-16). Eight patients responded with clearing of blasts from peripheral blood giving a response rate of 89%. However, bone marrow aplasia with less than 5% blasts was seen in only 2 patients. These 2 patients subsequently received an allogeneic bone marrow transplant and achieved complete remissions of 3 and 6 month duration. All patients died due to progression of blast crisis. Median survival of the group was 164 days. These results were compared to a historical control group of 31 patients with myeloid blast crisis treated with vincristine and prednisone. Despite a significantly better response rate with DAV or DAT (8 of 9 versus 9 of 31, p=0.01) survival was not significantly different than that of the control group.     

Prognostic significance of loss of a chromosome 17p and p53 gene mutations in blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukaemia

SUMMARY. In 31 cases of chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) we examined the prognostic significance of chromosomal loss of a 17p and p53 mutations at the onset of blast crisis (BC). p53 mutations were closely related to a shortened survival in CMLBC ( P < 0.005 by the logrank test), whereas loss of a 17p by itself was not a poor prognostic indicator. The prognostic significance of loss of a 17p, however, emerged when combined with its predominance in the metaphases analysed. This predominance might easily and rapidly be screened by polymerase chain reaction-based analysis in about half of the cases.