近5年我院临床分离革兰阳性球菌主要种类及耐药分析

目的:了解我院临床分离革兰阳性(G+)球菌主要种类及耐药状况。方法:对近5年我院临床分离的G+球菌主要种类及耐药情况进行回顾性调查并作统计分析。结果:临床分离G+球菌中葡萄球菌占65.47%,肠球菌占20.24%。葡萄球菌以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌为主,其次为金黄色葡萄球菌;肠球菌主要为屎肠球菌、粪肠球菌。葡萄球菌对呋喃妥因、利福平耐药率较低,对万古霉素的敏感率达100%。屎肠球菌与粪肠球菌对常用抗菌药物耐药率存在差异,万古霉素仍是治疗肠球菌最有效的药物。结论:临床医师应及时掌握细菌构成及耐药谱,提高抗菌药物合理使用水平。     

变性梯度凝胶电泳分析川芎可培养内生细菌种群的多样性

目的 了解川芎可培养内生细菌的种群多样性信息.方法 实验采用富集培养法培养内生细菌,从菌液中直接提取总DNA,并扩增细菌16S rDNA V3片段,应用DGGE分析16S rDNA V3片段的多态性.结果 DGGE图谱显示:不同川芎样品的16S RDNA V3片段产物出现的带型及数量有一定差异,不同样品的强度高条带数量及其在泳道中的迁移率各不相同,体现优势种群的种类与数量的区别.结论 川芎根茎的可培养内生细菌具有较丰富的种群多样性,地域因素(产地)可能是影响土壤细菌群落结构的重要因素,其次是品种.     

蛋白质补充液的细菌内毒素检测

目的 考察蛋白质补充液的细菌内毒素检查方法的可行性.方法 依据《中华人民共和国药典》2010年版附录XIE细菌内毒素检查法和美国FDA的鲎试验应用指南,使用内毒素分散剂消除供试品的干扰作用,检测蛋白质补充液的细菌内毒素含量是否符合规定.结果 蛋白质补充液在使用内毒素分散剂稀释2倍后对细菌内毒素实验无干扰作用,其细菌内毒素限值符合规定.结论 该产品可以采用细菌内毒素检查法.     

Survival of Vibrio anguillarum in freshwater environments: adaptation or debilitation?

Vibriosis caused by Vibrio anguillarum seriously damages freshwater fish (Salmoniforms) almost every year in Lake Biwa, Japan. This pathogen requires NaCl for its growth. When the pathogen was exposed to sterilized aged lake water, it lost its culturability without loosing respiratory activity. Although this physiological state appears to be "viable but nonculturable" (VBNC), the cells could not be resuscitated even in host fish bodies. As these cells totally lost their pathogenicity, the VBNC-like state is probably on the pathway to cell death. Environmental factors such as darkness, coldness, and anaerobiosis helped the pathogen to survive in freshwater without reaching a nonculturable state. Received: October 4, 1999 / Accepted: January 19, 2000     

酪酸杆菌双歧杆菌二联活菌联合马来酸曲美布汀治疗急性胃肠炎疗效观察

目的评价酪酸杆菌双歧杆菌二联活菌联合马来酸曲美布汀治疗急性胃肠炎疗效。方法 98例急性胃肠炎患者随机分成两组,治疗组51例,口服酪酸杆菌双歧杆菌二联活菌+马来酸曲美布汀。对照组47例,口服酪酸杆菌双歧杆菌二联活菌。两组疗程均为3 d,分别比较两组治疗前后临床症状,并在治疗结束时进行临床疗效评价。结果治疗组疗效较对照组有明显改善,治疗组总有效率为94.12%;对照组总有效率为80.85%,两组比较差异有显著性(P0.05)。治疗组用药后症状明显较本组治疗前改善,与对照组治疗后比较,差异有显著性(P0.05))。结论双歧三联活菌与马来酸曲美布汀联合治疗急性胃肠炎疗效满意。     

Cloning of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from an Antarctic psychrophilic bacterium by inverse and splinkerette PCR

Psychrophiles are organisms that thrive in cold environments. One of the strategies for their cold adaptation is the ability to synthesize cold-adapted enzymes. These enzymes usually display higher catalytic efficiency and thermolability at lower temperatures compared to their mesophilic and thermophilic counterparts. In this work, a psychrophilic bacterium codenamed pi9 was selected for the cloning of the gene encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), an enzyme in the glycolytic pathway. Here, the cloning of an 1,113 bp fragment of GAPDH gene which covers the 1,002 bp open reading frame by using multiple PCR steps is described. The partial sequence of this gene was PCR amplified by using degenerate primers followed by the cloning of the flanking sequences by inverse and splinkerette PCR techniques. The success in cloning the GAPDH gene by PCR has bypassed the more time consuming genomic library construction and screening method. The full length GAPDH protein was subsequently expressed in E. coli, purified as His-tag protein and confirmed to be catalytically active. This work demonstrated the use of multiple PCR techniques to clone a gene based solely on sequence comparison. It also laid the foundation for further biochemical and structural characterizations of GAPDH from a psychrophilic bacterium by providing a highly purified recombinant protein sample.     

ICU病房感染与防治进展

医院感染越来越引起医护人员和患者重视,ICU是医院危重患者集中的科室,病种多,患者病情严重、复杂,机体免疫功能差。因此,ICU不仅是医院感染的高发区,也是细菌高耐药区,笔者对ICU常见感染病原微生物的防治进展进行了综述。     

趋磁性细菌与磁小体的研究与应用

趋磁性细菌是一类能够沿着磁力线运动的特殊细菌,其细胞内含有对磁场具有敏感性的磁小体。介绍了磁小体的形成过程及对其进行研究的理论意义,并探讨了其在传感技术、临床医学、废水处理、磁性细胞和磁性载体材料等领域的应用。     

283例重症社区获得性肺炎患者支气管肺泡灌洗液病原菌分布及药敏分析

摘 要 目的：了解我院重症社区获得性肺炎(SCAP)的主要病原菌及耐药情况,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供数据参考。方法：回顾性分析283例SCAP患者的支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中病原菌分布及耐药情况。结果：共分离培养出病原菌163例,其中G-菌114例（69.94%）,G+菌43例（26.38%）,真菌6例（3.68%）。G-菌前4位为肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌,药敏示肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌对头孢替坦、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、阿米卡星、亚胺培南等较敏感,但铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌耐药严重,对多种抗菌药物高度耐药;G+菌前3位为肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌,其中肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢拉定、利福平、左氧氟沙星等敏感率较高,但粪肠球菌均为多重耐药菌,未检出耐万古霉素G+菌株;真菌较少见,对氟康唑,两性霉素B等均较为敏感。结论：SCAP病原菌以G-菌为主,临床应依据SCAP病原学及耐药情况,选择合理有效的抗感染治疗方案,以延缓耐药菌株的蔓延,减少新的耐药菌株的出现。     

注射用头孢唑啉钠细菌内毒素检测方法的探讨

本试验采用最大有效稀释法,分析并解决了注射头孢唑啉钠对鲎试剂的干扰作用,认为细菌内毒素检测法可用于该样品中内毒素的检测,且与家兔法比较结果完全一致。