2490名中老年干部钙化性主动脉瓣病的患病情况及超声心动图分析

本文分析了在2490名中老年干部中经超声心动图诊断的104例钙化性主动脉瓣病的超声心动图表现。发现其患病率随年龄增长成倍数递增,男性多于女性。该病不仅可以引起众所周知的AS,也可引起AI,以无冠瓣受累最多。轻—中度CAS及CAI尚不足以引起心脏解剖结构的明显改变,左室收缩功能也保持正常,但舒张功能却发生障碍。     

Mechanisms underlying vasorelaxant action of astragaloside IV in isolated rat aortic rings

1. Astragaloside IV is a component from the widely used traditional Chinese herb Astragalus membranaceus and its effect on rat aortic ring contraction and relaxation were investigated. 2. The aorta from male Sprague-Dawley rats was isolated in an organ bath and ring tension was recorded with or without endothelium. Cumulative effects of astragaloside IV on vessel contraction and relaxation were observed in the presence of various antagonists related to vessel activity. 3. Astragaloside IV showed concentration-dependent inhibition of vessel contraction induced by phenylephrine and potassium chloride. The amount of calcium released from intracellular stores sensitive to phenylephrine was also markedly reduced by astragaloside IV. There was dose-dependent vasorelaxation in endothelium-intact rings, which was partly inhibited by pre-incubation with nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and guanylate cyclase inhibitor, 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo [4,3-alpha] quinoxalin-1-one. Astragaloside IV also induced a significant increase in aortic tissue content of guanosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) both in vivo and in vitro. Endothelial NOS inhibitor Nomega-nitro-L-arginine prevented vasodilatation, whereas neuronal NOS inhibitor 7-nitroindazole did not show significant influence on the vessel relaxation of astragaloside IV. 4. In conclusion, astragaloside IV inhibited vessel contraction through blocking calcium influx and intracellular calcium release. The endothelium-dependent vessel dilation of astragaloside IV was attributed mainly to the endothelium-dependent NO-cGMP pathway.     

Esophageal atresia: critical review of 10 years' experience

From January 1976 to October 1986, 107 cases of esophageal atresia (EA) were admitted to the Neonatal Surgical Unit of the Bambino Gesú Hospital of Rome; 86% of the children had a type III EA. Associated anomalies were present in 47%; they were multiple in 18%. Cardiological malformations were the most frequent followed by digestive, skeletal, urological, and chromosomal aberrations. Surgical treatment was attempted in all children except 3, who died before surgical correction, in an effort to perform an end-to-end anastomosis in a single layer through a transpleural approach. According to the results, children were divided into two groups of 50 patients each: group 1 (1976–1981); and group 2 (1981–1986). Anastomosis was possible in 69% of children (68.7% in group 1, 69.3% in group 2). After 1983, gastrostomy fell into gradual disrepute and a transanastomotic tube was used. Immediate complications were seen in 36.6% of cases; in no case did recurrence of the tracheoesophageal fistula occur. The overall mortality decreased from 50% (group 1) to 30% (group 2). In the two periods considered, the mortality according to Waterston's risk classes was 28.5% 5,8% (class A), 42.1% 11.7% (class B), 82.3% 68.7% (class C). Of a total of 41 deaths, 47% were due to severe associated malformations: bronchopneumopathy or prematurity seemed to have less importance in establishing the prognosis.Offprint requests to: P. Bagolan     

A surgical treatment for frank rupture of acute type a small intramural hematoma

A 71‐year‐old woman was admitted to the hospital due to cardiac tamponade. Computed tomography revealed that the diameter and wall thickness of the ascending aorta were 36 and 9 mm, respectively. An emergent ascending aortic replacement was performed uneventfully. The pathological findings indicated frank rupture of intramural hematoma.     

经股动脉与经心尖主动脉瓣置换术患者CT影像差异及分析

目的 探讨经股动脉主动脉瓣置换手术（TF-TAVR）和经心尖主动脉瓣置换手术（TA-TAVR）患者的CT影像学表现及差异。方法 选取我院经导管主动脉瓣置换手术（TAVR）共198例患者的临床资料,依据手术方式分成TFTAVR组100例和TA-TAVR组98例,术后经CT检查评定有无并发症发生,对比TF-TAVR组、TA-TAVR组患者的CT影像学参数和术后并发症出现情况。结果 两组（左冠状动脉,LM）至主动脉瓣环距离、窦直径、窦管交界直径、左心房大小及升主动脉钙化比例相比差异无统计学意义（P> 0.05）,TF-TAVR组的右冠状动脉（RCA）至主动脉瓣环距离及左心室大小均大于TA-TAVR组（P<0.05）。TF-TAVR组的瓣周漏出现比例为63.00%高于TA-TAVR组42.86%(P<0.05);TF-TAVR组的心包积液出现比例为18.00%高于TA-TAVR组7.14%(P<0.05);TF-TAVR组的肺膨胀不全出现比例为3.00%低于TA-TAVR组11.22%(P<0.05);TF-TAVR组的胸腔积液出现比例为43.00%和TA-TAV...     

主动脉疾病中血管平滑肌细胞表型转化调控机制研究进展

主动脉疾病(aortic disease,AD)指由于主动脉壁病变所致的一类疾病,往往高度致命.目前非遗传性AD的发病机制尚未完全阐明.血管平滑肌细胞(vascular smooth muscle cells,VSMC)是主动脉壁中层的主要细胞成分,通常认为其存在收缩型与合成型两种表型,且可相互转化.VSMC由收缩型向合成型的过度转化在AD的发生发展过程起重要作用.尽管关于VSMC表型转化研究较多,但众多调控机制如何协调运作以及相互之间的关系仍然有待阐明.本文就目前已知的VSMC表型转化调控机制作一综述.     

下颌下腺保存治疗新技术体系的建立与应用

<正>下颌下腺系三大唾液腺之一,其分泌的唾液占静止性唾液总量的60%～65%,在人体维持吞咽、消化、味觉、语言等口腔器官的功能以及口腔黏膜保护和龋齿预防等方面均起到非常重要的作用。既往口腔颌面外科多种疾病的传统治疗过程常常牺牲下颌下腺,导致患者程度不等的口干及生活质量下降。因此,探讨下颌下腺相关疾病治疗的新技术,有效保存作为功能器官的下颌下腺,对于预防口干及相关口腔疾病至关重要。北京大学口腔医学院唾液腺疾病研究中心历经15年,     

X线、MSCT和MRI对主动脉夹层的临床运用对比研究

目的对比分析X线、MSCT及MRI在主动脉夹层（AD）中影像学特征,并评价其临床运用价值。方法 30例经手术或行DSA造影证实的AD患者,对其X线、MSCT及MRI检查影像资料进行分析,总结归纳其影像特点。结果 X线仅见AD的间接征象,而MSCT和MRI均能不同程度地显示真假两腔、内膜破口、内膜片及附壁血栓。结论 X线对AD只能提示诊断,而MSCT和MRI可作特异性诊断,并且MRI在显示AD的破口位置、无钙化的内膜片及附壁血栓时均优于MSCT,但对内膜及主动脉壁钙化和急危重者的检查MSCT优于MRI。