突发声嘶诊断性治疗1例

本文报道了1例以声嘶为唯一表现的声门闭合不全病例,该病例经非甾体类抗炎药、消炎治疗及推压嗓音训练等诊断性治疗,声嘶逐渐痊愈,最终诊断为双侧环杓关节炎。声门闭合不全以对因治疗为主,在病因尚无法确定时,可通过诊断性治疗间接确定病因。     

偏头痛病人脑干诱发电位及个性测定

目的 :探讨偏头痛病人发作期和间歇期脑干听觉诱发电位及个性测定。方法 :采用诱发电位 (BAEP)及艾森克个性量表检测 3 0例偏头痛患者。结果 :偏头痛患者BAEP异常率为 5 3 %。Ⅰ ,Ⅲ ,Ⅴ波潜伏期及Ⅲ～Ⅴ峰间期延长。个性测定性格内向型 3人 (10 % ) ,外向型 12人 (40 % ) ,中间型 17人 (5 6% )。结论 :上述结果表明偏头痛患者有脑干传导机能障碍 ,且与个性有关。     

血瘀证目征与血瘀证诊断标准的比较研究

通过６种标准对７８１例患者的诊断研究,提示在诊断阳性率,敏感度,特异度,假阳性率假阴性率和总和积分值等方面,中国血瘀症诊断标准和国际血瘀证诊断标准最优,血瘀证目片和日本瘀血证诊断标准次之,国际瘀血诊断标准试行方案和中山氏瘀血压痛点更次之。各种标准各有其独特优点,应相互取长补短,同时,探讨了导致各种标准不足之处的原因,并提出合理建议。     

Incidence of analgesic nephropathy among patients undergoing renal replacement therapy in Czech republic and Slovak republic

BACKGROUND.: The occurrence of analgesic nephropathy (AN) among renal replacementtherapy patients in former Czechoslovakia is not known. Previoussurveys were not based on representative samples and lackeduniform criteria for diagnosing the disease. METHODS.: Incidence of AN in former Czechoslovakia was investigated inpatients commencing renal replacement therapy in 24 (1/3 ofall) dialysis centres from 1 January to 31 December 1992. Patientsshowing an unclear renal diagnosis (n=149) were investigatedwith an interview and renal imaging techniques. The diagnosisof AN was withheld or rejected on the base of recently publisheddiagnostic criteria demonstrating that a decreased renal massof both kidneys combined with bumpy contours and/or papillarycalcifications had a high performance for diagnosing AN (NephrolDial Transplant 1992; 7: 479–486). RESULTS.: Based on the renal imaging criteria, AN was diagnosed in 30of 328 registered patients, resulting in an AN incidence of9.1% while the EDTA data only mentioned an incidence of 4.8%(period 1986–1989). The products most commonly abusedwere analgesic mixtures containing two analgesic substancescombined with caffeine and/or codeine. CONCLUSIONS.: AN was found to be a common disease in the Czech and SlovakRepublics. The disease was diagnosed using reliable renal imagingcriteria.     

Kraepelin-oriented research-diagnosable schizophrenia,mania, and depression in schneider-negative schizophrenics

Summary The rigorous neo-Kraepelinean research criteria of the St. Louis/ Iowa and Taylor groups were applied to case record data of 116 first admissions of Schneider-negative schizophrenics—that is, those without first-rank symptoms (FRSs)—hospitalized in a strongly Schneider-oriented German University Psychiatric Clinic from 1962 to 1971. This sample had a total of 45.7% (53 cases) of psychiatric illness diagnosable by research methods. Indeed, only 31% (36 cases) of Schneider-negative schizophrenics turned out to have research-positive Kraepelin-oriented schizophrenia; and of these, 21 fulfilled both sets of research criteria for schizophrenia. It is important that 14.6% (17 cases) of Schneider-negative schizophrenia consisted of research-diagnosable affective disorder, with mania making up 5.2% and depression 9.4% of this figure. The findings suggest that a sample of Schneider-oriented schizophrenia without FRSs as routinely diagnosed in Germany does not seem to represent a clear-cut homogeneous and uncontaminated group of schizophrenics.     

Hysterical neurosis, conversion type: clinical and epidemiological considerations.

This paper considers data on hysterical neurosis, conversion type from the Monroe County (New York) Cumulative Psychiatric Case Register, from the Psychiatric Case Register in Iceland, and from a psychiatric consultation service in a university teaching general hospital in Monroe County (New York) during the period 1960 to 1969. The rate of hysterical neurosis, conversion type in Monroe County during this period was 22 per 100,000 per year, whereas in Iceland it was 11 per 100,000 per year. It was highest for women, non-whites and those of low social economic status. The rate of hysterical neurosis, conversion type and "probable" hysterical neurosis, conversion type combined among patients seen in psychiatric consultation was 4.5%. The most often noted diagnostic criteria were inconsistency with somatic process and precipitation of symptoms by psychological stress. Most patients had more than one conversion symptom at the same time. Pain was the most common symptom. The majority of patients had an accompanying organic or functional illness.     

SPECT脑血流显像在难治性癫癎灶定位诊断中的价值

目的 :探讨单光子发射计算机断层(SPECT)脑血流显像在癫灶定位诊断 ,指导癫外科治疗的价值。方法 :对88例难治性癫患者进行了脑电图(EEG) ,磁共振成像(MRI)和SPECT脑血流显像检查 ,其中42例患者进行了外科(开颅手术或γ刀放射)治疗。结果 :SPECT脑血流显像的阳性率最高 ,为90.9 % ,EEG和MRI的阳性率分别为76.1 %和40.9 %。外科治疗患者SPECT与EEG定位结果的一致及相对一致率为83.3 % ,SPECT与MRI定位结果的一致及相对一致率为81.3 %。3者定位结果的一致及相对一致率为75.0 %。外科治疗的有效率为83.3 %。结论 :SPECT脑血流显像是诊断癫灶灵敏而有效的方法 ,对正确选择癫手术或γ刀治疗方案并取得较好的治疗效果具有重要意义     

胃食管反流病中医诊疗研究进展

综述了近年来中医对胃食管反流病的诊断与治疗概况，认为目前本病还没有一个统一、公认的中医辨证分型方法和标准，临床医生常根据自身的经验来辨证分型、选方用药。今后需加强中医诊治胃食管反流病的客观化与标准化研究，进一步提高诊疗水平。     

中医色诊学定位与红外热象数字化研究

中医色诊学是通过观察颜面气色变化了解病情的诊法。由于色诊一直停滞在目测水平，加以可见光波范围甚窄，使之受到极大限制，以致近代濒于失传。笔者分别用中心座标法定点、自然标志法分区，改进传统明堂色部和颜面色部，配合面部整体观测，构成三级精确定位模式，为仪器测量奠定了可靠基础。使用瑞典AGA782红外热像仪摄取46例健康青年红外面图，对经改进的传统色部即时温度进行数据测试和数理分析。通过数理分析，发现面温与阳气呈正相关的多种现象。故依据中医学理论提出：凡不符合正常值范围者为病态，高于上限者可考虑为实热阳证，低于下限者可考虑为虚寒阴证。可为今后研究提供方向。