诊断性超声辐照对人早孕绒毛组织超微结构的影响

目的 研究人早孕期经诊断性超声辐照后绒毛组织超微结构的变化。方法将35例妊娠6～8周拟行人工流产孕妇分为Ⅰ组（未行超声辐照组）、Ⅱ组（经腹部超声辐照）、Ⅲ组（经阴道超声辐照），Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组每组分为三类：5min类、10min类、15min类，各组均在辐照后24h以内取材。结果和Ⅰ组相比，Ⅱ组（15min），Ⅲ组（10min）和Ⅲ组（15min）在绒毛组织超微结构方面出现变化，尤其后者。结论诊断性超声经腹部辐照时间在15min分钟内基本上对早孕绒毛无创伤性。而经阴道超声辐照时间不宜超过10min。     

组织蛋白酶与星形细胞肿瘤恶性程度的关系及其预后意义

目的 探讨组织蛋白酶B和L与星形细胞肿瘤恶性程度的关系及其临床预后意义。方法 按制定的入组标准选择97例星形细胞肿瘤标本，由经验丰富的病理科医师重新按1993年WHO标准分类，应用免疫组化技术检测97例星形细胞肿瘤组织蛋白酶B和L的表达水平。根据肿瘤细胞免疫标记的频率和强度的不同进行免疫组织化学评分。结果 97例星形细胞肿瘤中，星形细胞瘤（astrocytomas，A，GradeⅡ）42例，间变性星形细胞瘤（anaplastic astrocytomas，AA，GradeⅢ）34例，胶质母细胞瘤（glioblastoma，G，GradeⅣ）21例。组织蛋白酶B的高免疫组织化学（immunohistochemistry，IHC）积分（4～6）：星形细胞瘤12例（28．57％），间变性星形细胞瘤18例（52．94％），胶质母细胞瘤17例（80．95％）。三类肿瘤之间均有显著性差异（皆P〈0．05）。组织蛋白酶L的高IHC积分（4～6）：星形细胞瘤8例（19．05％），间变性星形细胞瘤7例（20．59％），胶质母细胞瘤12例（57．14％），在A与G、AA与G间存在显著性差异（皆P〈0．01），在A与AA间未发现显著性差异（P〉0．05），在相同级别的星形细胞肿瘤中组织蛋白酶B的免疫标记强度明显高于组织蛋白酶L。在同一病理级别中，组织蛋白酶B的IHC高积分患者的生存期明显短于IHC低积分患者，在统计学上有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论 （1）组织蛋白酶B和L抗原的水平与星形细胞肿瘤的恶性程度相关，即两者的表达活性随着星形细胞肿瘤恶性程度的增高而增强，尤其组织蛋白酶B可作为病理分级时的参考指标；（2）组织蛋白酶B与患者的预后有一定关系，即在其切除肿瘤标本中组织蛋白酶B高表达者生存期短，可作为临床患者手术后预后的判断指标。     

藏区非结防医生结核疑似病人确诊延迟分析

目的 探讨四川省藏区非结核病防治机构医生对结核疑似病人确诊延迟的影响。方法 通过问卷收集初次到若尔盖和石渠县结防机构诊治的结核疑似病人的资料，调查首诊为非结防机构医生的结核疑似病人确诊延迟情况。结果 80．0％结核疑似病人首诊选择非结防机构医生，且其中最后被结防机构确诊为活动性肺结核的42例患者中，54．8％发生了确诊延迟；不同类非结防机构医生在各自接诊的病人中，藏医首诊结果怀疑结核病的比例低于个体医生、乡村医生与县级医生等（P〈0．001）；首诊选择藏医的结核疑似病人确诊延迟发生率高于选择乡村医生和县级医生等的（P=0．008）；未被非结防医生推荐到结防机构就诊者较被推荐者确诊延迟发生率高（P〈0．001）。结论 非结防机构医生的类型、首诊结果及其是否推荐结核疑似病人到结防机构就诊与结核疑似病人的确诊延迟有关；培训非结防机构医生的结核病知识、加强归口管理可减少结核疑似病人的确诊延迟。     

Diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's disease

The diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a 2-stage process, in stage 1, the dementia syndrome, comprising neuropsychologic and neuropsychiatrie components together with deficits in activities of daily living, is differentiated on clinical grounds from a number of other conditions (delirium, concomitant physical illness, drug treatment normal memory loss, etc), in stage 2, the cause is determined, AD being the most common, followed by vascular dementia, Lewy-body dementia, frontal lobe dementia, and a host of so-called secondary causes. Although a mixed Alzheimer/vascular picture is common, gradual onset of multiple cognitive deficits is typical of AD, while abrupt onset, a fluctuating course, hypertension, and focal neurologic signs suggest vascular dementia, in Lewy-body dementia, memory loss may not be an early feature, and fluctuation can be marked by distressing psychotic symptoms and behavioral disturbance, investigations should be minimally invasive and relatively cheap, confined to routine blood tests, chest x-ray and/or electrocardiogram if clinically indicated, cardiologie or neurologic referral in the presence of cerebrovascular signs, and computed tomography if an intracranial lesion is suspected. Accurate diagnosis enables the clinician to outline the disease course to the family and inform them of genetic implications. Numerous instruments for assessing cognitive function, global status, psychiatric well-being, and activities of daily living are briefly reviewed.     

Synthesis and biological characterization of 99mTc(I) tricarbonyl cysteine complex,a potential diagnostic for assessment of renal function

Cysteine containing three functional groups, i.e. a carboxyl, sulfhydryl, and amino group, has been labelled with ^99mTc(I) tricarbonyl precursor ( 2 ) in order to study the renal characteristics of the resulting ^99mTc(I) tricarbonyl cysteine ( 3 ) versus the reference ^99mTc‐MAG₃ ( 1 ). The ^99mTc(I) tricarbonyl cysteine ( 3 ) was prepared in good yields and characterized by HPLC, eletrophoresis, and eletrospray mass spectrometry. The plasma protein binding rate of ^99mTc(I) tricarbonyl cysteine ( 3 ) was about 70 to 80%, and similar to that of ¹³¹I‐OIH (70%) but lower than that of ^99mTc‐MAG₃ (90%). The T_1/2 of ^99mTc(I) tricarbonyl cysteine (4.30±0.79 min) in the kidney was higher than the one of ^99mTc‐MAG₃ (2.43±0.70 min). The static image of ^99mTc(I) tricarbonyl cysteine at 5 min post injection showed high concentrated activity in the kidney. And in the 15, 30 min post injection images, most activity appeared in the bladder without a residue in other organs. The ^99mTc(I) tricarbonyl cysteine exhibited biological behavior comparable to ^99mTc‐MAG₃ and it is expected to have diagnostic potential for imaging renal function in nuclear medicine. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

血清鳞癌相关抗原及糖类抗原对早期宫颈癌的诊断价值

分析血清鳞癌相关抗原及糖类抗原对早期宫颈癌的诊断价值,为临床诊断及治疗提供参考。选取本院2012年12月至2018年6月期间收治的80例早期宫颈癌患者(早期宫颈癌组)的临床资料,分析鳞癌抗原(SCC-Ag)和糖类抗原(CA19-9,CA125,CA153)对早期宫颈癌的诊断价值。以同期健康体检者60例(对照组)和宫颈上皮瘤样病变患者68例(瘤样病变组)为对照。与对照组和瘤样病变组相比,早期宫颈癌组患者血清中SCC-Ag 、CA19-9、CA125、CA153阳性率和水平明显升高(P<0.05),且随着FIGO分期的升高,上述因子水平逐步升高(P<0.05)。因此,血清鳞癌相关抗原联合糖类抗原对早期宫颈癌有重要的诊断价值,值得临床推广。     

Evaluation of spectral domain optical coherence tomography parameters in discriminating preperimetric glaucoma from high myopia

AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic ability of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness obtained by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in discriminating non-highly myopic eyes with preperimetric glaucoma (PPG) from highly myopic healthy eyes. METHODS: A total of 254 eyes, including 76 normal controls (NC), 116 eyes with high myopia (HM) and 62 non-highly myopic eyes with PPG were enrolled. The diagnostic ability of OCT parameters was accessed by the areas under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve in two distinguishing groups: PPG eyes with non-glaucomatous eyes including NC and HM (Group 1), and PPG eyes with HM eyes (Group 2). Differences in diagnostic performance between GCIPL and RNFL parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: The minimum (AUROC curve of 0.782), inferotemporal (0.758) and inferior (0.705) GCIPL thickness were the top three GCIPL parameters in discriminating PPG from non-glaucomatous eyes, all of which had statistically significant lower diagnostic ability than average RNFL thickness (0.847). In discriminating PPG from HM, the best GCIPL parameter was minimum (0.689), statistically significant lower in diagnostic ability than average RNFL thickness (0.789) and three other RNFL thickness parameters of temporal and inferotemporal clock-hour sectors. CONCLUSION: The minimum GCIPL thickness is the best GCIPL parameter to detect non-highly myopic PPG from highly myopic eyes, whose diagnostic ability is inferior to that of average RNFL thickness and RNFL thickness of several temporal and inferotemporal clock-hour sectors. The average RNFL thickness is recommended for discriminating PPG from highly myopic healthy eyes in current clinical practice in a Chinese population.     

Use of the Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel in clinical molecular pathology laboratories for analysis of solid tumours: With emphasis on validation with relevant single molecular pathology tests and the Oncomine Focus Assay

Targeted application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology allows detection of specific mutations that can provide treatment opportunities for cancer patients. We evaluated the applicability of the Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel V2 (CHV2) using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue of clinical specimens.Thirty-five FFPE tumour samples with known mutational status were collected from four different hospitals and sequenced with CHV2 using an Ion Chef System and Ion S5 XL system. Out of 35 cases, seven were sequenced with Oncomine focus Assay Panel for comparison. For the limit of detection test, we used an FFPE reference standard, a cell line that included an engineered 50% EGFR T790?M in an RKO cell line background. Coverage analysis results including number of mapped reads, on target percent, mean depth, and uniformity were not different according to hospitals. Sensitivity for mutation detection down to 3% was demonstrated. NGS results showed 100% concordance with the results from single molecular pathology tests Assay in 30 cases with 24 known positive mutations and 14 known negative mutations, and another NGS panel of the Oncomine focus in seven cases.The CHV2 NGS test for solid tumours using Ion chef system and S5 XL system in clinical molecular pathology laboratories for analysis of solid tumours could be routinely used and could replace some single molecular pathology tests after a stringent and thorough validation process.     

Found in transcription: gene expression and other novel blood biomarkers for the early detection of breast cancer

Early detection of a growing breast tumor is of key importance for patient survival. Despite limitations, mammography screening has improved the detection of breast tumors, however many tumors are not detected. This is especially true for younger women and women with high breast density. Novel diagnostic blood biomarkers either generated by the tumor and released into the blood, or generated by nontumor cells as a response to the tumor presence, can now potentially help improve the accuracy of early-stage breast cancer detection. They include multicomponent biomarkers, circulating tumor cells and RNA expression of peripheral blood. These novel biomarkers and their potential use will be presented and discussed in this review, with special emphasis on gene expression-based markers.