Risk factors for functional limitations in patients with long‐standing ankylosing spondylitis

Objective

To identify risk factors for functional limitations in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) of at least 20 years' duration.

Methods

Patients with AS for ≥20 years were enrolled in the cross‐sectional component of the Prospective Study of Outcomes in AS. All patients had clinical evaluations and completed questionnaires on functional limitations and potential risk factors. Functional limitations were assessed using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI; score range 0–100, higher scores indicate more limitations) and the Health Assessment Questionnaire for the Spondylarthropathies (HAQS). Risk factors included demographic characteristics, duration of AS, smoking status, number of comorbid medical conditions, recalled level of recreational activity in teens and twenties, occupational physical activity throughout life (rated 1 = little, 2 = moderate, 3 = heavy, and weighted by the number of years in each job), and history of AS in a first‐degree relative.

Results

The 326 patients (74% men) had a mean ± SD age of 55.0 ± 10.7 years, a mean duration of AS symptoms of 31.7 ± 10.2 years, and a mean BASFI score of 40.7 ± 25.6. BASFI scores increased with higher lifetime occupational physical activity (r = 0.31; P < 0.0001), the number of comorbid conditions (r = 0.25; P < 0.0001), and the duration of AS (r = 0.12; P = 0.04). BASFI scores were higher among current smokers compared with former/nonsmokers (55.5 versus 38.9; P = 0.0002), and among nonwhites compared with whites (49.9 versus 39.3; P = 0.02). In multivariable analyses, lifetime occupational physical activity, current smoking, education level, number of comorbid conditions, and family history were significantly associated with BASFI scores. The same risk factors were associated with the HAQS.

Conclusion

Functional limitations in patients with AS for ≥20 years are greater among those with a history of more physically demanding jobs, more comorbid conditions, and among smokers, and are less severe among those with higher levels of education and a family history of AS.

     

Surgical Outcomes after Traumatic Vertebral Fractures in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis

Objective

Ankylosing spondylitis is an inflammatory rheumatic disease mainly affecting the axial skeleton. The rigid spine may secondarily develop osteoporosis, further increasing the risk of spinal fracture. In this study, we reviewed fractures in patients with ankylosing spondylitis that had been clinically diagnosed to better define the mechanism of injury, associated neurological deficit, predisposing factors, and management strategies.

Methods

Between January 2003 and December 2013, 12 patients with 13 fractures with neurological complications were treated. Neuroimaging evaluation was obtained in all patients by using plain radiography, CT scan, and MR imaging. The ASIA Impairment Scale was used in order to evaluate the neurologic status of the patients. Management was based on the presence or absence of spinal instability.

Results

A total of 9 cervical and 4 thoracolumbar fractures were identified in a review of patients in whom ankylosing spondylitis had been diagnosed. Of these, 7 fractures were associated with a hyperextension mechanism. 10 cases resulted in a fracture by minor trauma. Posttraumatic neurological deficits were demonstrated in 11 cases and neurological improvement after surgery was observed in 5 of these cases.

Conclusions

Patients with ankylosing spondylitis are highly susceptible to spinal fracture and spinal cord injury even after only mild trauma. Initial CT or MR imaging of the whole spine is recommended even if the patient''s symptoms are mild. The patient should also have early surgical stabilization to correct spinal deformity and avoid worsening of the patient''s neurological status.     

Cauda Equina Syndrome Associated with Dural Ectasia in Chronic Anlylosing Spondylitis

Cauda equina syndrome (CES) associated with dural ectasia is a rare neurologic complication in patients with longstanding ankylosing spondylitis (AS). We report a 68-year-old male with a 30-year history of AS who presented a typical symptom and signs of progressive CES, urinary incontinence and neuropathic pain of the lumbosacral radiculopathy. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings showed the unique appearances of dural ectasia, multiple dural diverticula, erosion of posterior element of the lumbar spine, tethering of the conus medullaris and adhesion of the lumbosacral nerve roots to the posterior aspect of the dural ectasia. Considering the progressive worsening of the clinical signs, detethering of the conus medullaris through resection of the filum terminale was performed through a limited laminectomy. However, the urinary incontinence did not improve and there was a partial relief of the neuropathic leg pain only. The possible pathogenetic mechanism of CES-AS and the dural ectasia in this patient with longstanding AS are discussed with a literature review.     

Double level Chance-type fractures of spine in ankylosing spondylitis

Chance fractures are usually associated with seat belt injuries. Mechanism is always related to flexion-distraction at vertebral level. Double level Chance-type fractures have rarely been reported in published literature. We presented such a fracture at D10 and L3 level in a 38-year-old patient with ankylosing spondylitis. Management was done with posterior decompression and short segment fixation separately.     

阿达木单抗治疗强直性脊柱炎致播散性结核病一例并文献复习

目的 探讨应用阿达木单克隆抗体(简称“单抗”)治疗强直性脊柱炎致播散性结核病的临床特点、诊治要点和治疗转归。 方法 回顾性分析福建省福州肺科医院2019年6月10日收治的1例应用阿达木单抗治疗强直性脊柱炎致播散性结核病的临床资料、诊治经过及随访情况,并进行文献复习。以“adalimumab”和“disseminated tuberculosis”为检索词对PubMed数据库进行检索,以“阿达木单抗”和“播散性结核病”为检索词通过万方数据库和中国知网对中文文献进行检索,检索时间截止到2019年9月,经过筛选剔除,共获取相关文献34篇,其中中文文献0篇,英文文献34篇。删去重复的文献并剔除可能为阿达木单抗以外的肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)致播散性结核病及TNF-α致其他播散性疾病的报道,共筛选出具备详细病例资料的文献8篇,共获得8例患者,结合本研究收集的患者,对其临床特征、诊断和治疗情况进行分析。 结果 本例患者为男性,28岁。因“强直性脊柱炎”接受阿达木单抗治疗,治疗2个月后出现咳嗽、气促、腹胀、发热,入院后经胸部CT、胸膜活检及支气管镜等检查,诊断为“播散性结核病(双肺、右侧支气管、胸腔、腹腔、心包、纵隔淋巴结、锁骨上淋巴结、腹腔淋巴结、盆腔淋巴结、脾)”。给予“3H-R-Z-E/9H-R-E”方案治疗,辅以异烟肼支气管局部雾化吸入,行抗结核药物治疗后症状改善。治疗第5个月,CT复查提示“肺部病变减少,纵隔内部分淋巴结肿大较前缩小,增厚的支气管管壁较前变薄,管腔较前通畅,胸、腹腔积液明显吸收。截止到2019年12月,患者仍处于规则的抗结核药物治疗中。文献检索后获得8例患者,加上本例,共9例患者。其中,男3例,女6例;年龄9~75岁,平均年龄(50.44±25.19)岁。9例患者中,5例开始使用阿达木单抗治疗之前的结核病筛查试验结果为阴性,1例既往有抗结核治疗史,1例曾进行过预防性抗结核治疗,3例有与结核病患者的密切接触史。诊断明确行抗结核药物治疗后,5例患者转归良好。3例转归差,其中1例病情持续进展,并发消化道出血;1例颅内病灶持续进展;1例出现急性呼吸窘迫综合征,最终死亡。1例转归不明。 结论 阿达木单抗可致播散性结核病,准备接受阿达木单抗治疗的患者均应在用药前进行结核病筛查,治疗过程中应该警惕潜伏性结核感染转为活动性结核病及新发结核感染,停用阿达木单抗和及时行抗结核药物治疗是预后良好的关键。     

男女性强直性脊柱炎胸腰椎后凸畸形患者临床特征及生活质量的比较

【摘要】 目的：探讨男女性强直性脊柱炎（ankylosing spondylitis,AS）胸腰椎后凸畸形患者临床特征及生活质量的差异。方法：选取2009年5月~2013年2月在我院手术治疗的51例AS患者,其中男31例,女20例,年龄21~62岁,平均40.6岁。所有患者均填写Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index,ODI）、巴氏AS疾病活动指数（Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index,BASDAI）、巴氏AS功能指数（Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index,BASFI）、巴氏AS计量指数（Bath ankylosing spondylitis metrology index,BASMI）、巴氏AS总体评分（Bath ankylosing spondylitis global score,BAS-G）、巴氏AS放射指数（Bath ankylosing spondylitis radiology index,BASRI）及SF-36量表;同时记录其发病年龄、病程、血沉（erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR）、C反应蛋白（C-reactive protein,CRP）、人类白细胞抗原-B27亚型（HLA-B27）;在立位全脊柱侧位X线片上测量全脊柱最大后凸角（global kyphosis,GK）、腰椎前凸角（lumbar lordosis,LL）、胸椎后凸角（thoracic kyphosis,TK）、矢状面平衡（sagittal vertical axis,SVA）、骨盆投射角（pelvic incidence,PI）、骨盆倾斜角（pelvic tilting,PT）及骶骨倾斜角（sacral slope,SS）。比较男性组与女性组发病年龄、病程、ESR、CRP、HLA-B27阳性率、TK、GK、LL、SVA、PI、PT、SS、ODI、BASDAI、BASFI、BASMI、BAS-G、BASRI及SF-36量表各维度之间的差异。结果：男女比例为1.6∶1。与男性组比较,女性组发病年龄较晚、病程较短、ESR和CRP水平较高及HLA-B27阳性率较低（P<0.05）。与男性组比较,女性组表现出较高的ODI、BASDAI、BASRI评分及较低的BASMI评分（P<0.05）,两组BASFI及BAS-G无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。脊柱-骨盆矢状面参数中,与男性组比较,女性组表现出较大的GK、SVA（P<0.05）,两组TK、LL、PI、PT及SS均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。SF-36量表各维度中,女性组情感职能得分、精神健康得分低于男性组,而生理功能得分、社会功能得分高于男性组（P<0.05）,两组生理职能、身体疼痛、总体健康状况及活力得分无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。结论：在行手术治疗的AS患者中,男女比例为1.6∶1。与男性AS患者相比,女性患者病情较重,且发病年龄较晚,病程较短。此外,男性AS患者生理功能、社会功能受到明显的限制,而女性AS患者情感职能、精神健康受到明显的损害。     

依那西普辅助治疗强直性脊柱炎34例疗效观察

目的：对比观察依那西普和常规药物治疗强直性脊柱炎的临床疗效,分析依那西普的临床应用价值以及安全性。方法选取2011年12月～2012年12月期间在我院住院治疗的强直性脊柱炎患者34例作为研究对象。随机分为实验组和对照组,对照组患者给予常规治疗,实验组患者在常规治疗的基础上再给予依那西普,对比两组患者的临床疗效以及不良反应的发生情况。结果两组组内治疗前后的BASDAI评分、BASFI评分、晨僵时间、夜间背痛VAS、总体背痛VAS、红细胞沉降率以及C-反应蛋白值相比差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,两组治疗前的BASDAI评分、BASFI评分、晨僵时间、夜间背痛VAS、总体背痛VAS、红细胞沉降率以及C-反应蛋白值相比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,两组治疗后的BASDAI评分、BASFI评分、晨僵时间、夜间背痛VAS、总体背痛VAS、红细胞沉降率以及C-反应蛋白值相比差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组并发症的发生率比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论依那西普治疗强直性脊柱炎的疗效显著,并发症低,安全性高。     

延续护理对强直性脊柱炎病人生活质量及心理影响的Meta分析

[目的]评价延续护理对强直性脊柱炎(AS)病人生活质量及心理的影响。[方法]检索PubMed、the Cochrane Librany、EMbase、CBM、知网、万方、维普等中外数据库,收集延续护理对强直性脊柱炎病人生活质量及心理影响的随机对照试验(RCT)进行Meta分析。[结果]最终纳入14篇RCT文献,包括1724例病人,Meta分析结果显示:与对照组相比,试验组实施≤3个月的延续护理,可提高强直性脊柱炎病人生活质量(SF-36)各维度得分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.0001);而>3个月延续护理对强直性脊柱炎病人生命质量的影响存在争议。≤3个月、>3个月延续护理对强直性脊柱炎病人综合功能状况[MD=-0.93,95%CI(-1.38,-0.48),P<0.0001;MD=-0.81,95%CI(-1.37,-0.25),P=0.005]、心理状况(焦虑及抑郁情绪)[MD=-10.25,95%CI(-14.79,-5.717),P=0.00001;MD=-7.78,95%CI(-10.19,-5.38),P=0.00001]的干预效果差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。[结论]现有证据表明,≤3个月的延续护理可提高强直性脊柱炎病人的生活质量,而>3个月延续护理对生活质量的影响仍待进一步研究;延续护理可明显改善强直性脊柱炎病人的综合功能及心理状况。     

行为干预护理对强直性脊柱炎患者生活质量的影响

目的分析行为干预护理对强直性脊柱炎患者生活质量的影响。方法采用电脑随机法将2017年10月至2019年2月收治的83例强直性脊柱炎患者分为对照组(41例)和试验组(42例)。对照组给予一般性护理干预,试验组在此基础上给予行为干预护理。比较两组患者干预前、后的上下肢运动功能及SF-36各项评分。结果干预前,两组患者上下肢运动功能、SF-36各项评分无显著差异(P>0.05);干预后,试验组上下肢运动功能及SF-36评分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论针对强直性脊柱炎患者实施行为干预护理,可有效改善患者肢体功能,提升其生活质量,值得临床推广应用。     

补肾强督汤对强直性脊柱炎患者炎性因子、腰椎功能的影响

目的:探讨益肾壮督汤联合柳氮磺胺吡啶治疗强直性脊柱炎(AS)的疗效及对炎性因子及腰椎功能的影响。方法:选取2017年6月至2019年10月山东省烟台市中医院收治的AS患者88例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组44例。对照组给予柳氮磺胺吡啶片治疗,观察组在此基础上增加补肾强督汤治疗,2组均连续服用2个月。比较2组临床疗效;观察2组治疗前后晨僵时间、疼痛程度、Bath功能指数(BASFI)、Bath疾病活动指数(BASDAI)、Dougados指数、指地距及枕墙距改善情况;检测并比较2组血清炎性因子。结果:治疗后观察组总有效率为95.45%,高于对照组的81.82%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后2组患者晨僵时间、指地距和枕墙距均缩短,BASFI、BASDAI、VAS评分、Dougados指数及血清IL-4、IL-12及TNF-α、CRP水平均降低,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:补肾强督汤联合柳氮磺胺吡啶可有效降低AS患者疼痛程度及血清炎性因子水平,改善临床症状及腰椎功能、关节功能,提高总体治疗效果。