临沧市2012年高效抗反转录病毒治疗失败的AIDS患者耐药基因变异分析

目的：了解临沧市2012年经高效抗反转录病毒治疗（highly active antiretroviral therapy, HAART）失败的AIDS患者耐药基因的变异情况。方法调查HAART失败AIDS患者的流行病学特征,检测CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数和病毒载量,对HIV RNA＞1×10^3 copies/ml的患者行HIV-1耐药基因检测。结果66例中有53例检出基因耐药突变。最常见的核苷类反转录酶抑制剂耐药突变位点为M184V、D67N和K70R,非核苷类反转录酶抑制剂耐药突变位点为K103N、G190A和V179D。仅发现3个蛋白酶抑制剂突变位点,分别为D33F、M46I和L76V。结论临沧市AIDS患者出现较多反转录酶抑制剂突变位点是一线抗反转录病毒治疗失败的主要原因。在选择二线治疗方案时,增加蛋白酶抑制剂可避免多重耐药导致的治疗失败。     

NLR和PCT对成人社区获得性肺炎患者进展为脓毒症的预测价值比较

目的分析中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)和降钙素原(PCT)对成人社区获得性肺炎(CAP)患者进展为脓毒症的预测价值。方法收集2015年1月-2018年12月中国医科大学附属盛京医院呼吸内科收治的成人CAP患者409例临床资料,根据是否进展为脓毒症,将其分为脓毒症组201例,非脓毒症组208例,检测各组NLR和PCT水平,采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)比较NLR和PCT对成人CAP患者进展为脓毒症的预测价值。结果脓毒症组NLR和PCT水平均高于非脓毒症组(U=4 136.000、2 757.000,P均=0.000);ROC曲线分析显示,NLR和PCT预测脓毒症的曲线下面积分别为0.90、0.93,最佳截断值为7.25、0.22 ng/ml,敏感度为82.1%、87.1%,特异度为86.1%、88.9%,阳性预测值为85.5%、88.7%性预测值为82.8%、87.3%,约登指数为0.68、0.76。结论 NLR和PCT对成人CAP患者进展为脓毒症有一定的预测价值,其中PCT价值更高。     

The foot in systemic disease: management of the patient with rheumatoid arthritis or diabetes mellitus

The foot is commonly affected in systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus. Treating patients who suffer with foot pathology secondary to systemic diseases requires a multidisciplinary approach, following the principles outlined within this review. There is little high level evidence in this field, such as prospective controlled clinical trials, hence much of what we know and practise is based upon the expert opinion of key individuals in specialist centres, to whom we owe a great debt.     

General genetic and acquired risk factors,and prevalence of peri‐implant diseases – Consensus report of working group 1

For decades, oral implants have been used successfully for the replacement of missing teeth. Nevertheless, peri‐implant diseases have become an increasingly important issue in daily practice. In this working group, the prevalence of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis, as well as different general risk factors and their impact on the onset and progression of peri‐implant diseases, were discussed based on reviews reflecting the current state of evidence. The influence of smoking on the peri‐implant bone‐healing process and its association with peri‐implantitis has been explored in the current literature, demonstrating that smoking is an important risk indicator for the development of peri‐implantitis and implant loss. Compared with non‐smokers, smokers have a higher potential for pathological peri‐implant bone loss, which is also influenced by poor oral hygiene. Despite the fact that a growing number of genetic polymorphisms have been identified and related to periodontal diseases, there are still no genetic patterns that could act as adjuncts to clinical diagnostics in order to identify patients at higher risk of peri‐implant diseases. Long‐term medications, such as bisphosphonate therapy (> 3 years), may have an impact on implant loss. A higher incidence of implant failure was reported in patients using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in anti‐depression therapy. Alcoholism (defined as more than 5 units a day) has been associated with implant loss in retrospective and case–control studies, as well as in animal studies.     

抗逆转录病毒药物的现状与研发

获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）是威胁人类健康的最危险疾病之一,是由人免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）感染引起。从HIV-1病毒发现后的30余年,已有大量的抗逆转录病毒药物投入研发,抑制病毒复制增殖周期的关键阶段。抗逆转录病毒药物延长了患者生命,同时也产生了病毒的耐药变异,因此需要开发针对耐药的新药物。简述美国已上市的抗逆转录病毒药物信息,重点关注抗逆转录病毒药物的研发进展以及非临床研究中的相关问题。     

炎琥宁注射液联合依替米星治疗老年社区获得性肺炎的临床研究

目的探讨炎琥宁注射液联合依替米星治疗老年社区获得性肺炎的临床疗效。方法选择2018年4月—2019年4月在溧阳市人民医院治疗的社区获得性肺炎老年患者86例,根据用药的差别分为对照组(43例)和治疗组(43例)。对照组静脉滴注硫酸依替米星注射液,0.2g加入生理盐水250m L,1次/d;治疗组在对照组的基础上静脉滴注炎琥宁注射液,0.4 g/次,1次/d。两组患者均经7 d治疗。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者临床症状改善时间、CURB-65评分、LCQ评分及血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、白细胞介素-17(IL-17)、半乳糖凝集素3(GAL3)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组临床有效率分别为81.40%和97.67%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,治疗组患者的咳嗽、胸痛、发热和肺部啰音消失时间均明显早于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者LCQ评分明显升高(P0.05),CURB-65评分明显下降(P0.05),且治疗组CURB-65和LCQ评分明显好于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清CRP、PCT、IL-17、Gal-3、TNF-α水平均显著降低(P0.05),且治疗组CRP、PCT、IL-17、Gal-3、TNF-α水平明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论炎琥宁注射液联合依替米星治疗老年社区获得性肺炎可有效改善患者临床症状,降低机体炎症反应。     

胸外科手术后医院获得性肺炎的前瞻性监测与干预研究

目的探讨胸外科手术后医院获得性肺炎的预防控制措施。方法采用前瞻性监测方法,通过集束干预包括加强培训、呼吸机管路的严格消毒、床头抬高30°、洗必泰口腔护理、每天评估是否撤机、加强手卫生等综合措施,监测胸外科手术后医院获得性肺炎发病率。结果通过集束干预措施,手卫生依从率明显提高,床头抬高30°、洗必泰口腔护理每2～6小时1次、每天评估是否撤机干预措施执行情况优于干预前,胸外科手术后医院获得性肺炎发病率由监测前的25．87％下降至9．02％,差异有统计学意义（X^2=44．956,P〈0．05）。结论开展前瞻性监测,实施集束干预措施,对控制胸外科手术后医院获得性肺炎有积极意义,降低了手术后医院获得性肺炎的发病率。