肾转移瘤的CT诊断特征

目的：探讨肾转移瘤的CT诊断特征．方法：回顾性分析12例肾转移瘤及12例原发性肾癌的CT表现．结果：12例肾转移瘤共检出42个病灶,4例单发,8例为双侧、多灶性;9个病灶位于肾髓质内呈楔形,33个病灶累及肾皮髓质、呈类圆形;41个病灶平扫呈等密度,所有病灶增强后均呈轻度强化,均未见包膜;8个病灶引起肾轮廓改变;7例肾转移瘤同时伴有其它部位及脏器的转移．12例肾原发癌均为单发,同时累及肾皮髓质,呈类圆形或不规则形;10例病灶平扫呈等、低密度;1例增强后轻度强化,11例增强后呈中、重度不均匀强化,3例可见假包膜;10例引起肾轮廓改变;2例伴有肾静脉癌栓,1例伴有肾周淋巴结转移．结论：肾转移瘤具有典型的影像学特点,了解这一特点有助于肾转移瘤的诊断．     

玉米活性肽对辐射防护作用的研究

目的:观察玉米活性肽对X线照射正常机体造血功能的保护作用。方法:观察20只NIH小鼠按对照组(正常饲料)、给药组(含玉米活性肽30g/100g饲料)进行照射3d后血象的改变(能量6mVX线,剂量6Gy,面积30 cm×30 cm),和2周后血象的恢复情况。结果:放疗后与放疗前比较,3d后对照组与给药组的白细胞均明放疗后与放疗前比较,3d后对照组与给药组的白细胞均明显降低,并且MDA升高,SOD活性下降。2周后与放疗前比较,SOD活性恢复,MDA降低,给药组与对照组白细胞数得到恢复,给药组白细胞增加明显,与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。血色素水平于照后3d变化不大,14d后降低明显。试验组与对照组无差别。血小板在照后3d时无明显变化,但2周后下降明显,给药组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:玉米活性肽可能通过提高小鼠抗氧化水平,对X线照射小鼠造血功能具有防护作用。     

多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的研究进展

多层螺旋CT(MSCT)的问世和开发,使得冠状动脉无创的检查替代有创检查成为可能,但仍有一定的局限性。本文主要就MSCT冠状动脉成像技术、临床应用及其诊断价值等方面作一综述。     

Abnormal Regional Body Fat Distribution Also Exists in Non-Obese Subjects with High Blood Pressure

A cross-sectional analysis was performed to explore the relationship between regional body fat distribution and blood pressure in non-obese subjects with different status of blood pressure. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed to measure fat mass. Obesity was defined as present body fat ≥25% in males and ≥35% in females. The ratio of leg fat mass to total fat mass (L/T) decreased gradually while the ratio of trunk fat mass to total fat mass (Tr/T) increased gradually with the increasing blood pressure for both genders in non-obese subjects (P < .01), which was consistent with the change in obese ones; and the blood pressure status in the low Tr/T + high L/T group was better than that in the high Tr/T + low L/T group, obviously. After adjustment for confounding factors, blood pressure was still positively related with Tr/T but negatively associated with L/T in non-obese groups. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that L/T was the major negative factors of blood pressure in the non-obese population. Abnormal fat distribution also exists in non-obese subjects with high blood pressure; compared to trunk fat, leg fat may be a more important factor against blood pressure.     

Method for assessing X-ray-induced hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity of biological compounds/materials

A method for correctly assessing hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of antioxidative chemicals and/or biological compounds/materials was proposed. This method can simultaneously assess two factors, i.e. hydroxyl radical-scavenging and 5,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxy-1-pyrrolidine-N-oxide (hydroxyl radical adduct of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide)-reducing ability, as antioxidative properties. In this paper, some biologically common hydrophilic molecules, cell culture media, and rat plasma were tested. X-ray-induced hydroxyl radical can be detected using the electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping technique. Using X-ray irradiation of the reaction mixture as the hydroxyl radical source, the true hydroxyl radical-scavenging ability of the subjected antioxidant can be assessed. In addition, the method simultaneously measures the reduction of 5,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxy-1-pyrrolidine-N-oxide, to estimate the reducing ability of the antioxidant. Biological materials, such as sugars and proteins, could abolish hydroxyl radical at the biological concentration. Ascorbic acid showed reducing ability at the biological concentration. The simultaneous assessment of hydroxyl radical-scavenging and reducing ability of antioxidants can be an informative index for antioxidants.     

多层螺旋CT在肾上腺巨大肿瘤手术中的价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在肾上腺巨大肿瘤手术中的价值. 资料与方法 采用GE 64层螺旋CT机,对超声或CT平扫提示腹膜后肾上腺区域8～15 cm的巨大占位性病变的8例患者,其中男5例,女3例,平均年龄38.2岁,进行双期增强扫描,利用获得的横断影像进行影像后处理. 结果 7例增强后肿块呈不均匀强化,占位明显,与周围的结构分界清楚,并发现常伴有一支或多支起源不同的供血动脉与肿块相连.7例患者成功地实施了肿瘤切除手术,术后随访3～12月未见肿瘤复发;另1例双侧肾上腺区域巨大肿块伴腹腔淋巴结肿大的患者,选择了放疗和化疗. 结论 应用MSCT对肾上腺巨大肿瘤进行双期增强扫描及影像后处理,不仅为肾上腺巨大肿瘤的定性诊断提供了重要的信息,对肾上腺巨大肿瘤术前的评估、术中的指导及术后的评价都具有积极的作用.     

肾透明细胞癌的COX-2表达与MSCT征象的相关性研究

目的:探讨肾透明细胞癌(CRCC)的COX-2表达及其与MSCT征象之间的关系。方法:搜集经手术病理证实且术前有详细的MSCT资料的32例CRCC患者的石醋包埋切片及10例正常肾组织切片,采用免疫组化S-P法检测每例受检者COX-2的表达情况。观察MSCT图像上肿瘤大小,有无液化、坏死、囊变,肿瘤边界,平扫及各期增强扫描时肿瘤密度,肿瘤最大强化程度,肾静脉或/和下腔静脉有无受侵,邻近或/和远处器官有无转移等,并分析MSCT征象与COX-2表达水平的相关性。结果:CRCC组中COX-2表达明显高于正常组(P<0.01);COX-2表达与MSCT图像上肿瘤大小,最大强化程度,有无液化、坏死、囊变,肿瘤边界.肾静脉或/和下腔静脉有无受侵,邻近或/和远处器官有无转移有相关性(P<0.05);与平扫肿瘤密度无相关性(P>0.05)。结论:COX-2表达与CRCC的发生、发展有关.根据CRCC的MSCT表现在一定程度上可以判断CRCC的生物学行为和恶性程度。     

256层低剂量CT对细支气管肺泡癌的诊断价值

目的回顾性分析细支气管肺泡癌的低剂量CT表现,旨在提高细支气管肺泡癌的诊断水平。方法收集经手术病理证实为BAC病例31例,分析其低剂量CT上的表现。评价指标包括:病灶形态、边缘、内部密度等特征以及有无淋巴结肿大等;同时记录单次扫描的辐射剂量,并对图像质量进行主观评分。结果所有病灶均表现为磨玻璃密度(GGO)结节,96.7%边界清晰,分叶征、毛刺征及空泡征的发生率分别为93.5%、57%及54.8%,均无肺门纵隔淋巴结转移。低剂量CT的平均辐射剂量为(1.29±0.16)m Sv,图像质量均能满足临床诊断要求。结论 BAC具有特征性的CT表现;低剂量CT在保证图像质量的前提下,有效降低辐射剂量,对BAC的诊断具有重要价值。     

骨盆孤立性浆细胞瘤的临床及影像表现分析

目的分析骨盆孤立性浆细胞瘤的临床及影像表现特点。方法经手术病理证实的18例骨盆孤立性浆细胞瘤,16例行X线检查,7例行CT检查,14例行MRI检查。结果 (1)临床表现:男性10例,女性8例,发病年龄44-79岁,平均年龄60.1岁。(2)X线、CT表现:孤立性浆细胞瘤18例中,16例表现为溶骨性骨质破坏合并软组织肿块,2例为膨胀性骨质破坏,10例病灶内可见残存的硬化骨嵴及边缘出现硬化。(3)MRI表现为正常骨髓信号被肿瘤取代,10例形成信号相对均匀的软组织肿块,4例软组织肿块信号不均。T1WI上病灶表现为等信号6例、稍高信号8例,T2WI病灶均表现为高或稍高信号,10例瘤周存在水肿,增强扫描均明显强化。结论骨盆是骨孤立性浆细胞的少见部位,好发于老年患者,其影像表现具有一定特征性。     

钼靶与磁共振诊断乳腺叶状肿瘤的影像价值

目的探讨X线钼靶与磁共振(MRI)诊断乳腺叶状肿瘤(phyllodes tumor,PT)的影像价值。方法选取2012年4月至2015年4月医院19例经临床病理证实为PT患者作为研究对象,均行X线钼靶、MRI检查,分析影像学表现。结果手术病理显示,12例为良性,4例交界性,3例恶性。X线钼靶上3例圆形,16例分叶状,病灶密度高于周围腺体,10例见清晰边界,7例肿块周边有环形低密度影,2例无清晰边界。MRI上5例圆形,14例分叶状,平扫T1等信号或低信号,T2高信号,以信号均匀为主,4例囊变,2例出血。动态增强扫描显示以均匀明显强化为主,时间-信号曲线扫描显示6例上升型,11例平台型,2例为流出型。b值为0s/mm2时,DWI高信号;b值为500s/mm2时,12例高信号,7例低信号,对应ADC值明显高于对侧正常乳腺组织(P0.05)。结论乳腺叶状肿瘤在X线钼靶与MRI上均具有一定特征性,尤其是MRI动态增强扫描,但确诊仍依赖临床病理检查。