Selected conditions associated with an increased incidence of incisional hernia: A review of molecular biology

BackgroundIncisional hernias (IH) following a laparotomy, on average, occur in 10–20% of patients, however, little is known about its molecular basis. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms could lead to the identification of key target(s) to intervene pre-and post-operatively.MethodsWe examined the current literature describing the molecular mechanisms of IH and overlap these factors with smoking, abdominal aortic aneurysm, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and diverticulitis.ResultsThe expression levels of collagen I and III, matrix metalloproteinases, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases are abnormal in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of IH patients and ECM disorganization has an overlap with these comorbid conditions.ConclusionUnderstanding the pathophysiology of IH development and associated risk factors will allow physicians to identify patients that may be at increased risk for IH and to possibly act preemptively to decrease the incidence of IH.     

Panniculectomy at the time of bariatric surgery: a propensity score-matched analysis of outcomes in the MBSAQIP database

BackgroundBody contouring in the postbariatric surgery patient improves quality of life and daily function.ObjectivesTo determine the risk profile of panniculectomy when performed in select patients at the time of bariatric surgery.SettingMetabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program (MBSAQIP) participating centers.MethodsWe examined the MBSAQIP database (2016-2017), in which data on 379,544 bariatric surgeries are reported. Concurrent panniculectomy procedures were identified by Current Procedural Technology (CPT) codes. Patient characteristics and in-hospital as well as 30-day complications were compared between the body contouring group and propensity score-matched bariatric surgery controls.ResultsOne hundred twenty-four patients met inclusion criteria and were matched to 248 controls. An infra-umbilical panniculectomy was performed in the majority of patients (n = 94, 75.8%). Most patients received an open rather than laparoscopic bariatric surgery (n = 87, 70.2%). There were no statistically significant differences between 30-day mortality (1.9%), wound complications (11.5%), readmission (12.5%) and reoperation (5.8%) between the 2 groups (P > .05). Wound complications occurred in 11.5% of patients and were associated with prolonged hospital stay (odds ratio 4.65, 95% confidence interval 1.99–10.86, P < .001) and a body mass index (BMI) > 50 (odds ratio 3.19, 95% confidence interval 1.02–9.96, P = .046).ConclusionIn select patients, panniculectomy at the time of bariatric surgery was not associated with increased in-hospital or 30-day adverse outcomes compared with matched bariatric surgery controls. This procedure may be performed in select patients, with awareness that revision surgery may be needed once weight loss stabilizes.     

膝关节屈曲90°连续缝合切口对全膝关节置换术治疗效果的影响

目的 比较膝关节屈曲90°连续缝合切口和膝关节伸直位连续缝合切口在全膝关节置换术（total knee arthroplasty,TKA）中的应用效果。方法 选择2017年1月至2019年1月我院收治的122例拟行TKA手术的病人,采用随机数字表法将病人分为两组,对照组（61例）采用膝关节伸直位连续缝合切口,观察组（61例）采用膝关节屈曲90°连续缝合切口。比较两组病人切口长度、缝合时间、手术时间、术后失血量、直腿抬高活动时间、屈膝90°活动时间、拆线时间、住院时间、Hollander切口愈合（Hollander wound evaluation scale,HWES）评分、美国纽约特种外科医院（American hospital for special surgery,HSS）膝关节评分、Rasmussen评分、膝关节活动范围（ROM）、疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）以及术后并发症差异。结果 两组切口长度、缝合时间、手术时间、术后失血量、直腿抬高活动时间、拆线时间、住院时间、HWES评分、并发症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。观察组屈膝90°活动时间短于对照组,术后24 h、48 h的HSS评分、Rasmussen评分高于对照组,膝关节ROM大于对照组,术后24 h、48 h、72 h的VAS评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。结论 膝关节屈曲90°连续缝合切口可减轻术后早期疼痛程度,利于膝关节功能恢复,且不增加并发症发生风险。     

运动对骨骼－肌腱界面愈合组织的影响

利用纽西兰兔作体内实验，来分析手术后石膏固定，笼内活动，连续被动性活动三种不同的复健方法对肌腱－骨骼间界面愈合组织的影响。结果显示在术后第１５天愈合组织所能承受的最大张力，笼内活动组为０．８７５ｋｇ，石膏固定组为２．０１４ｋｇ，是笼内活动组的２３１．５２％，而连续被动性活动组为２．６３８ｋｇ，是笼内活动组的２６１．３５％。石膏固定组虽有很高的张力，但关节内粘连也较多。     

不同类型皮瓣修复面部深Ⅲ度烧伤创面

目的探讨面部深Ⅲ度烧伤创面皮瓣移植类型的选择方法与临床治疗效果。方法1998年1月至2007年12月应用4种类型皮瓣（共38个）移植修复面部深Ⅲ度烧伤患者32例，其中游离皮瓣2个，轴型皮瓣16个（含岛状皮瓣5个），局部皮瓣18个，皮管转移2个。结果38个移植皮瓣，除5个皮瓣远端有小面积坏死，经换药愈合，余33个皮瓣完全成活。术后随访5月～3年，移植皮瓣质地柔韧，延展性好，组织挛缩轻，皮肤色泽变化小，外形满意。结论皮瓣血运丰富，有完整的皮下脂肪组织，移植后除了可用以修复皮肤缺损外，可明显改善受区局部组织血液循环，防止感染，最大程度地恢复面部的形态与功能。术中依据创面大小和创周皮肤条件，首选局部皮瓣或轴形皮瓣，局部无条件时行游离皮瓣或皮管移植。     

小鼠股骨骨折合并坐骨神经损伤的标准化动物模型构建与评价

目的 建立并评价小鼠股骨骨折合并坐骨神经损伤的标准化动物模型。方法 将96只C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为2组,分别为A组：股骨骨折合并坐骨神经损伤组(48只)、B组：股骨骨折组(48只)。A组通过止血钳钳夹致小鼠左侧坐骨神经损伤,于同侧进行股骨开放性骨折联合髓内钢针固定,建立了小鼠股骨骨折合并坐骨神经损伤的模型;B组行左侧股骨开放性骨折联合髓内钢针固定,仅游离坐骨神经,不做钳夹处理。术后仔细观察小鼠行为学变化。于术后第3、5、7、10、14、18天6个时间点,取A组(36只)与B组(36只)左侧坐骨神经,其中每个时间点每组6只,分别通过免疫组化染色来分析坐骨神经损伤修复过程。同时,于第7、14、21和28天4个时间点取小鼠左侧股骨,分别通过股骨X线、Micro-CT、组织学染色来分析并评估在周围神经损伤条件下骨折愈合情况。结果 本实验建立的小鼠股骨骨折合并坐骨神经损伤模型,于建模后第14天小鼠步态基本恢复正常;于第14天坐骨神经纤维结构连续性基本恢复;第7天骨折断端几乎不存在骨痂;至第14天出现少量软骨痂,主要为未分化的间充质干细胞构成;第21天软骨痂开始钙化,骨痂中存在部分肥大的软骨细胞;第28天骨折断端新生骨形成,含有大量肥大的软骨细胞、成骨细胞与骨细胞。结论 通过本研究方法建立的小鼠股骨骨折合并坐骨神经损伤模型愈合过程良好,并较单纯股骨骨折的愈合过程有所迟缓,可很大程度上模拟临床骨折合并周围神经损伤后修复及愈合过程,为合并周围神经损伤的骨折愈合相关研究提供实验基础。     

A comparative study of three new occlusive dressings for healing of graft donor sites versus conventional therapy

Summary A comparative study of four skin graft donor site dressings was undertaken. This was a prospective and cross-over study of 25 consecutive patients with burns up to 40% TBSA treated with split skin grafts. Each donor site was divided into four sections and covered with different dressings in order to evaluate their effectiveness in healing, the time required for complete epithelialization, patient acceptance and any intolerance or local infection. The results showed that the occlusive hydrocolloid dressing significantly decreases (p<0.01) the mean time required for complete healing (7.45 days) compared with a semiocclusive hydrocolloid (10.29 days), a polyurethane sheet (9.4 days) and the conventional dressing (10.04 days).Presented at the IV European Burns Congress in Barcelona, Spain, September 25, 1991 (Abstract No. 117)     

5 Gy全身照射对大鼠伤口巨噬细胞的抑制效应及W11-a12的促愈作用

目的 研究大鼠全身5Gy照射对伤口巨噬细胞（MΦ）功能的影响及W11－a12的促愈作用。方法 采用^60Coγ射线身身照射复合皮肤创伤模型,观察了MΦ酵母－补体复合物玫瑰花环形成试验、吞噬功能和分泌纤维粘连蛋白（FN）、转化生长因子β1（TGFβ1）、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）的功能。结果 大鼠5Gy全身照射复合皮肤创伤后第3、5天伤口内巨噬细胞C3b受体表达、吞噬功能,合成与分泌FN、TGFβ、bFGF的功能均显著受到抑制,但抑制效应的程度不同,MΦ的吞噬功能的抑制重于其分泌功能,分泌TGFβ1功能的抑制重于分泌bFGF的功能,W11-a12能显著逆转辐射对MΦ功能的抑制效应。结论 伤口MΦ功能受抑是合并放射损伤后伤口难愈的主要原因,增强MΦ功能是W11－a12促愈作用的一个途径。     

EGF、bFGF对兔自体穿透角膜移植伤口愈合的影响

目的 观察表皮生长因子（EGF）、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）对自体家兔穿透性角膜移植（PKP）术后伤口愈合的影响。方法 利用家兔自体穿透性角膜移植模型,采用测量伤口愈合强度、液闪计数、AgNORs染色、VG染色和电镜等方法,观察家兔PKP术后伤口愈合情况。结果 （1）EGF、bFGF、EGF bFGF点眼均能增加伤口所能承受的极限压力和∧3H-TdR的掺入率。（2）bFGF和EGF bFGF点眼能刺激伤口处成纤维细胞及其所分泌的胶原纤维呈比较规则的排列。结论 （1）EGF、bFGF、EGF bFGF点眼均能增加PKP术后伤口愈合的强度,增加伤口愈合时DNA的合成。（2）术后14d以后EGF和bFGF联合点眼对伤口愈合的促进作用仅相当于单独用bFGF点眼的水平。（3）bFGF能提高PKP术后伤口愈合的质量。     

电离辐射对大鼠创面愈合早期阶段的影响

目的 从伤后早期（7d内）创面组织的变化来探讨放创复合伤的难愈机制。方法 以大鼠分别接受4、6、8、Gy的全身照射合并局部创伤为模型,观察创面残留面积百分率和创面组织蛋白含量、羟脯氨酸含量及成纤维细胞数量、毛细血管数量的变化。结果 与单创组相比,4、6、8Gy全身照射降低伤口修复阶段早期的愈合速度和质量,其中6、8Gy复合伤组伤口修复启动阶段即受抑。结论 上述变化是电离辐射引起创面难愈的重要原因。