Myoblast therapy for stress urinary incontinence and bladder dysfunction

The field of tissue engineering and gene therapy has an exciting and promising future. During the past few years we have begun a comprehensive effort to investigate the use of myoblasts to improve and expand the treatment of stress urinary incontinence and bladder dysfunction. Moreover, we can expect the application of myoblast-mediated ex vivo gene transfer in the field of urology. In this paper we discuss the compositions of and methods involving the use of myogenic or muscle-derived cells for tissue engineering and cell-mediated gene therapy.     

尿道套入法治疗男童外伤性后尿道闭锁

目的　介绍和评价尿道套入法治疗男童外伤性后尿道闭锁。方法　对 1994年 1月～2 0 0 3年 12月以尿道套入法治疗的 2 5例外伤性后尿道闭锁进行回顾性分析。结果　 2 5例患儿后尿道闭锁段长度 1～ 2cm ,切除闭锁段瘢痕组织后无法直接行对端吻合 ,故将远端尿道套入 ,固定 ,留置导尿管 6周左右 ,拔管后均排尿通畅 ,其中 6例经 1～ 2次尿道扩张 ,2 5例均无尿失禁。结论　尿道套入手术方法简单 ,是治疗男童尿道缺损段较长及经手术修复失败的后尿道闭锁的一种良好的手术方法     

经会阴途径后尿道吻合术治疗小儿外伤性后尿道狭窄

目的　探讨会阴途径后尿道吻合术治疗小儿外伤性后尿道狭窄的适应证、手术原则、并发症。方法　经会阴途径后尿道吻合术治疗小儿外伤性后尿道狭窄或闭锁 35例。结果　随访 2 8例 ,随访率 80 .0 %。2 8例共治愈 2 1例 ,治愈率 75 .0 %。结论　经会阴途径尿道吻合术可作为开放手术治疗小儿外伤性后尿道狭窄的首选术式 ;彻底切除尿道周围瘢痕达到黏膜对黏膜无张力吻合是手术的关键 ;对后尿道狭窄闭锁段长者 ,加用长直针吻合法 ,可取满意的疗效。     

Management of panurethral strictures

IntroductionPan-urethral stricture, involving the penile and bulbar urethra, is a common urological problem on the South Asian subcontinent. It represents a particularly difficult challenge to manage and there is a relative paucity of literature on the subject. In India, Lichen Sclerosus (LS) is the most common cause of pan-urethral stricture, followed by iatrogenic causes.2 stage surgery is not scientific in lichen sclerosus as this is a disease of genital skin. We present our experience of pan-urethral stricture repair using a single-stage, one-sided dissection, dorsal onlay repair with oral mucosa graft.Subjects and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed the records of 318 consecutive men undergoing management of pan-urethral stricture from June 1995 to December 2014. The median age was 44.6 years and the mean stricture length 14 cm. The median follow-up was 59 months. The strictures were approached through a perineal incision, limiting dissection to only one side of the urethra. The penis was invaginated to provide access to the entire length of anterior urethra in a single-stage, and two oral mucosal grafts were dorsally placed.ResultsThe outcome was considered a success if the patient needed no further instrumentation, including dilation or urethrotomy. The overall success rate was 84.90%, with a success rate of 89.39% in primary urethroplasty, and 57.85% in patients who had previous failed urethroplasty. Most recurrent strictures occurred at the proximal end of the graft.ConclusionsRepair of pan-urethral stricture in a single-stage, with one-sided dissection and dorsal onlay of oral mucosa, is a minimally invasive technique that is simple, fast, safe, effective and reproducible in the hand of any surgeon.     

Treatment of Urethral Stricture Disease by Internal Urethrotomy,Dilation, or Stenting

Management of urethral strictures depends on the characteristics of each individual case and remains a great challenge in reconstructive urology. Treatment of anterior urethral strictures usually starts with minimally invasive procedures, such as urethral dilatation or internal urethrotomy. The popularity of these methods is based on the simple application, the low complication rate, and the fact that most general urologists do not perform open urethroplasty. These methods offer faster recovery, minimal scarring, and fewer infections, although recurrence is always possible. Success depends on adequate vascularity within the underlying spongiosal tissue, which may substantially increase the failure rate. Because the recurrence rate has remained higher than it was in past decades, various modifications of urethral stricture treatment have been suggested, including laser urethrotomy and urethral stents. Since the late 1980s, two different approaches have been studied to prevent scaring contraction: permanent stent versus temporary stents left indwelling for a limited time and then removed. Although the first reports seemed to promise excellent outcomes, longer follow-up began to cast doubt on the usefulness of urethral stenting as a primary treatment modality for urethral stricture disease. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the published literature with respect to any new information on minimally invasive procedures in the treatment of urethral strictures.Patient summaryThe optimal indications for dilatation or internal urethrotomy are simple bulbar strictures <2 cm without spongiofibrosis or history of previous treatment. Recurrent urethral strictures after repeated interventions are usually more complex and can render the definite open urethral surgery more difficult.     

Microwave transurethral applicator with helix-loaded-dipole-antenna (HLDA) for prostate treatment

Three designs of transurethral applicators have been analysed to find the one that is best able to selectively heat the desired volume of prostate. A helix-loaded-dipole-antenna (HLDA) inserted into a Foley type catheter was found to be the most promising design. A change in the heat deposition pattern of the antenna depending on prostate size is possible by moving the position of the antenna within a Foley catheter. A number of prototypes of HLDA were manufactured and tested to optimize their design. These tests were performed in solid and liquid phantoms and in laboratory animals. Intra-operative measurements of intra-prostatic temperature distribution were also performed. A comparison of the HLDA with other commercially available transurethral applicators and the published data showed that the present design has a higher linear homogeneity coefficient and a better heat deposition in the prostate.     

腔镜下与开放手术行会师术治疗后尿道断裂临床疗效对照研究

目的:探讨腔镜下与开放手术行会师术在后尿道断裂患者中的应用效果。方法:选择我院泌尿外科后尿道断裂患者86例,随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组43例开放手术行会师术,而观察组43例则腔镜下行会师术,分析对比两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间、住院费用及术后性功能障碍发生率等。结果 :观察组患者在术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间及术后性功能障碍发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05),而观察组患者住院费用明显高于对照组(P<0.05),但两组手术成功率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:腔镜下行会师术治疗后尿道断裂具有术中出血量少、手术时间短、住院时间及术后性功能障碍发生率少等优点。     

2种不同微创手术方法治疗良性前列腺增生症的临床观察

目的:观察经尿道前列腺等离子双极电切(TUPKP)与经尿道前列腺单极电切术(TURP)治疗良性前列腺增生症患者的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析我院自2009年10月～2011年10月住院的130例良性前列腺增生症患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各65例。实验组采用TUPKP,对照组采用TURP。结果:实验组和对照组术中、术后手术时间、术中出血量、术后平均住院天数、膀胱冲洗时间以及留置尿管时间,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组和对照组术后半年IPSS评分、QOL评分、残余尿和并发症等指标,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:TUPKP与TURP治疗良性前列腺增生症患者的临床效果相当,经尿道前列腺等离子双极电切术相对更安全,值得临床推广应用。