中西医结合治疗对尿毒症心肌病患者左室功能和结构的影响--附66例临床观察分析

目的考察并比较中西医结合治疗与单用中医治疗、西医治疗尿毒症心肌病的疗效.方法中西医结合治疗组23例,采用中医辨证论治、西医基础治疗及心室逆转治疗;与单纯西医治疗组23例及中医治疗组20例进行比较.三组疗程均为9个月.结果中西医结合治疗组23例,治疗前后患者左室功能及左室结构指标大多均有所改善(P＜0.05、P＜0.01、P＜0.001),疗效优于西医治疗组、中医治疗组.结论以痰瘀为主的中医辨证论治、结合西医降压等对症治疗,可在一定时期内改善尿毒症心肌病,且优于单纯中医或西医治疗.     

血液灌流治疗血透患者难治性高血压的研究

目的观察血液灌流对维持性血液透析患者血压和致高血压物质的影响。方法将60例符合难治性高血压的维持性血压透析患者随机分为灌流组及对照组,分别在血液透析基础上进行血液灌流和透析滤过治疗。观察两组治疗前后血压、降压药使用、血肾素活性（PRA）、内皮素（ET）、血管紧张素Ⅱ（ATⅡ）、甲状旁腺素（PTH）、醛固酮（Ald）等致高血压物质及血肌酐（Bcr）、磷（P）的变化。结果伴难治性高血压血透患者存在高水平的PRA、ET、ATⅡ、PTH、Ald、β2-MG;16周后,两组Bcr、P、β2-MG、Ald较治疗前明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;灌流组AT Ⅱ、ET较治疗前明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,而对照组无明显变化;两组PTH均有明显下降,灌流组P〈0．01,对照组P〈0．05;两组PRA治疗前后无明显变化。灌流组血压下降,降压药种类使用减少,治疗前后差异有统计学差异。对照组血压及降压药使用种类有下降趋势,但治疗前后差异无统计学意义。结论灌流组对致高血压物质的清除优于对照组,有明显降低血压的作用。     

血液透析联合腹水回输治疗顽固性腹水的临床观察

目的探讨血液透析并腹水静脉回输在尿毒症顽固性腹水患者中的临床疗效。方法回顾性研究2010年10月至2013年9月在我科接受血液透析并腹水静脉浓缩回输治疗的尿毒症患者,11例,41例次,通过分析比较治疗前后体重、腹围、血压、血浆白蛋白、尿素氮、肌酐等各项指标的变化,探讨血液透析并腹水静脉回输在尿毒症顽固性腹水患者中的临床疗效。结果 1例行2次治疗后腹水消失,1例行7次治疗后胸腔积液及腹水均消失,水肿消退,11例患者治疗后均有明显效果,表现为腹胀、活动受限等腹水压迫症状明显改善,浮肿消失,夜间阵发性呼吸困难、睡眠明显好转,食欲增加,腹围、体重明显减少（P〈0.05）,血浆尿素氮、肌酐明显下降（P〈0.01）,血浆白蛋白明显升高（P〈0.01）。结论血液透析并腹水静脉回输能显著改善尿毒症并顽固性腹水患者的临床症状,提高其生存质量,延长生存时间,临床疗效确切。     

The role of growth hormone in the glucose intolerance of uremia

Summary The fasting plasma growth hormone (GH) concentration and the plasma growth hormone response to sustained hyperglycemia was examined in 8 chronically uremic subjects before and after hemodialysis employing the hyperglycemic clamp technique. The plasma glucose concentration was actuely raised and maintained at +125 mg/100 ml above basal levels. Since the glucose concentration was held constant, the glucose infusion rate is an index of glucose metabolism (M) and M divided by the plasma insulin response (I) is a measure of tissue sensitivity to insulin. Predialysis, the fasting GH concentration, 4.0±1.0 ng/ml, was significantly greater than controls, 0.3±0.1 ng/ml (p<0.01), and failed to suppress normally following sustained hyperglycemia. Both M, 4.23±0.36 mg/kg·min, and M/I, 5.05±0.79 mg/kg·min per μU/ml, were significantly reduced compared to controls (p<0.001). There was no correlation between either the fasting GH concentration or the GH response to sustained hyperglycemia and either M or M/I. Following dialysis both M, 6.30±0.64 mg/kg·min, and M/I, 8.39±1.06 mg/kg·min per μU/ml, increased (p<0.01) without significant change in either the fasting GH level, 4.0 ± 1.2 ng/ml, or the plasma GH response to hyperglycemia. It is concluded that while deranged GH physiology is a common accompaniment of the uremic state, it is not responsible for the glucose intolerance and tissue insensitivity to insulin observed in uremia. The middle of the weight range for subjects of medium frame from the 1959 Metropolitan Life Insurance Company table for desirable weight was used.     

超声心动图自动心肌运动定量技术对尿毒症透析患者早期左心室收缩功能的评估

目的探讨超声心动图自动心肌运动定量技术（aCMQ）评估不同透析时间段的尿毒症患者左心室收缩功能的价值。 方法选择2018年5月至2019年2月在浙江省杭州市萧山区第一人民医院血液透析室接受透析治疗的尿毒症患者52例。根据其接受血透时间的不同分为3组,A组为透析时间≤3年的患者,共27例;B组为透析时间＞3年且≤7年的患者,共16例;C组为透析时间＞7年的患者,共9例;正常对照组共60例,既往均无心脏及肾疾病病史,常规心电图及超声心动图检查均未见明显异常。首先运用M型超声心动图,通过Teichholz法获得病例组及对照组左心室射血分数（LVEF）,然后启动X-Plane技术采集4个心动周期的四腔心及两腔心,根据心电图指示分别描记左心室舒张末期及左心室收缩末期,运用双平面Simpson法分别计算出病例组及对照组LVEF,最后运用aCMQ分别获取病例组及对照组研究对象的左心室整体长轴应变（LVGLS）、心尖两腔心长轴应变（LVAP2LS）、心尖四腔心长轴应变（LVAP4LS）及心尖三腔心长轴应变（LVAP3LS）,分析不同透析年限组尿毒症患者左心室长轴应变变化。多组间比较采用方差分析,组间两两比较采用LSD-t检验。 结果Teichholz法测得病例组与对照组LVEF分别为：A组（67.21±6.63）%;B组（64.73±6.47）%;C组（64.58±8.38）%;对照组（67.02±3.62）%。Simpson法测得病例组与对照组LVEF分别为：A组（64.71±4.93）%;B组（64.08±6.02）%;C组（63.91±7.49）%;对照组（66.17±3.14）%。病例组与对照组LVEF比较以及病例组间LVEF比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。运用aCMQ得到病例组与对照组LVGLS分别为：A组（-20.79±2.70）%、B组（-20.03±3.58）%、C组（-18.32±3.71）%、对照组（-24.39±2.05）%;LVAP4LS分别为：A组（-22.09±2.76）%、B组（-20.11±3.94）%、C组（-19.49±3.73）%、对照组（-24.61±2.37）%;LVAP3LS分别为：A组（-19.32±3.85）%、B组（-19.28±4.37）%、C组（-16.61±4.40）%、对照组（-23.53±6.18）%;LVAP2LS分别为：A组（-20.09±2.53）%、B组（-19.57±2.65）%、C组（-18.09±4.01）%、对照组（-23.51±7.52）%。病例组LVGLS、LVAP2LS、LVAP4LS及LVAP3LS的测值均较对照组减低,差异具有统计学意义（A组 vs 对照组：t=-5.949、-3.844、-6.117、-4.863,P均＜0.001;B组 vs 对照组：t=-5.883、-5.619、-5.036、-4.650,P均＜0.001;C组 vs 对照组：t=-6.541、-5.081、-6.130、-4.854,P均＜0.001）,其中A组LVGLS、LVAP4LS和LVAP3LS测值比C组减低,差异具有统计学意义（t=-2.493、-2.405、-2.012,P=0.014、=0.018、=0.047）,A组与C组LVAP2LS测值比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,A组与B组间以及B组与C组间在LVGLS、LVAP2LS、LVAP3LS、LVAP4LS测值比较,差异也均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。 结论aCMQ能早期发现尿毒症透析患者左心室收缩功能的异常,为临床早期预防及治疗心功能衰竭提供了新的途径。     

Intensive Home Hemodialysis: An Eye at the Past Looking for the Hemodialysis of the Future

Multiple observational studies along with a limited number of randomized clinical trials suggest that intensive hemodialysis (IHD) not only improves outcomes for uremic patients undergoing chronic dialysis but does so with a more favorable cost/benefit ratio compared with conventional hemodialysis. As a result of this, there has been a rapid increase in the interest in home hemodialysis (HHD) as HHD represents the easiest means of implementing IHD. While HHD has generated increased interest given its association with better outcomes/reduced hospitalizations, there are very few randomized controlled trials comparing HHD with other hemodialysis methods. Reported HHD‐associated increased survival benefits compared with in‐center hemodialysis are from uncontrolled studies, which raise patient selection bias as underlying the differences found. Thus, while HHD draws increasing attention, studies that pay careful attention to the psychosocial, demographic, and clinical factors associated with patients selected to undergo HHD will be needed to ultimately demonstrate its benefits, clarify the clinical applications, and determine the limits of IHD use in dialysis patients.     

XStrainTM技术评价尿毒症患者左心室局部与整体收缩功能

目的 探讨XStrain^TM技术测定尿毒症心肌病患者左心室局部与整体收缩功能的可行性。方法 将28例尿毒症患者分两组,A组左心室非肥厚12例,B组左心室肥厚16例;C组为正常对照16名。经胸超声心动图采集并存储3个心动周期心尖四腔心、两腔心及三腔心切面二维灰阶图像。采用XStrain^TM定量软件进行脱机分析,获得收缩期左心室壁16节段纵向/横向应变及应变率,对16节段应变参数取平均值获得整体纵向/横向应变数据,并对以上参数进行统计学分析。结果 16节段心肌收缩期纵向应变及应变率(除中间段后间隔外)、横向应变(除中间段前间壁和后间壁外)、横向应变率为C组>A组>B组(P均<0.05)。尿毒症患者左心室收缩期整体纵向及横向应变较C组明显减低(P<0.05)。结论 XStrain^TM技术可清晰显示左心室心肌,评估左心室收缩功能,可用于定量评估尿毒症心肌病患者左心室局部与整体收缩功能。     

尿毒症患者炎症反应与血脂的关系

目的　通过分析尿毒症患者慢性炎症指标与血脂的关系 ,探讨尿毒症的炎症反应影响心血管系统的途径。方法　测定 67例尿毒症患者慢性炎症指标血C 反应蛋白 (CRP)、白细胞介素 6(IL 6)、肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)及血脂 ,并分析它们之间的关系。结果　 2 6.87%的尿毒症患者CRP超过正常参考值 ( 5mg/L) ,CRP升高组血清甘油三酯 (TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)、载脂蛋白A1/载脂蛋白B(ApoA1/ApoB)、脂蛋白 (a) [Lp(a) ]高于CRP正常组 (P值均 <0 .0 5 ) ;血CRP与总胆固醇 (TC) (P <0 .0 5 )、TG、LDL C、ApoB、Lp(a)、血清肌酐 (Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)呈正相关 (P值均 <0 .0 1) ,Logistic回归分析显示 ,CRP与TG、Lp(a)关系更为显著。结论　尿毒症患者存在慢性炎症状态 ,慢性炎症与脂代谢紊乱密切相关。     

尿毒症血液透析患者行甲状腺全切术围手术期护理要点研究进展

尿毒症血液透析患者合并继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进在临床上是极为常见的,长期血液透析患者常出现甲状旁腺功能亢进,表现为血甲状旁腺激素明显升高,血钙持续升高,骨质脱钙和血管及软组织的异位钙化。出现甲旁亢,可采取的治疗方法有药物治疗和外科手术。药物治疗对轻型甲旁亢有效,中重度甲旁亢常需要外科手术治疗。当出现:(1)明显临床症状,如骨关节痛、肌无力、皮肤搔痒等;(2)持续性高钙血症、高磷血症或钙磷乘积大于70;(3) i PTH大于800 pg/m L,并且对活性维生素D药物治疗抵抗;(4)颈部彩色超声显示:至少一个甲状旁腺增大,直径大于1 cm并且有丰富的血流是需要外科手术。甲状腺全切术在此病治疗中较为常用,围手术期精心、完善、正确的护理模式对患者术后的康复以及并发症的发生等具有重大的意义。     

Gut bacterial translocation contributes to microinflammationin experimental uremia

ObjectiveTo investigate whether gut microbiome dysbiosis and translocation occurred in experimental uremia, and whether they consequently contribute to microinflammation.MethodsHealth male SD rats were randomly divided into uremic group and sham group. Uremic group were operated for 5/6 nephrectomy to establish uremic models, while sham group were only operated for nephrocapsulotomy. Postoperative blood, livers, spleens, and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were subjected to bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA amplification to determine if bacteria were present. Bacterial genomic DNA samples from the MLNs and colon were amplified with specific primers designed by the 16SrRNA sequence of the species obtained from blood, livers and spleens. Pyrosequencing was used to analyze the ileum and colonic microbiome of each subject. Intestinal permeability to 99mTc-DTPA, plasma hs-CRP, and IL-6 were measured. ResultsBacterial DNA in extraintestinal sites and altered colonic microbiomes at the phylum, family, and genus levels were detected in some rats in the uremic group. Bacterial genomic DNA in MLNs and colon were obtained by primers specific for bacterial species observed from blood, livers, and spleens of identical individuals. Intestinal permeability, plasma hs-CRP, and IL-6 levels were statistically higher in the uremic group compared with that in sham group(all P＜0.05). ConclusionGut microbiome dysbiosis occurs and presumably bacteria translocate to the systemic and lymph circulation, thereby contributing to microinflammation in experimental uremia.