Endometrial volume change during spontaneous menstrual cycles: volumetry by transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound

Objective: At present, only limited data are available on endometrial volume during the menstrual cycle. Most of these studies deal with animal models and use magnetic resonance imaging for volume measuring. The application of three-dimensional ultrasound in endometrial volume estimation is the subject of this study.Setting: Patients visiting the outpatient unit of the division of endocrinology and reproductive medicine of a university hospital.Patient(s): Twenty patients with a history of a normal menstrual cycle were selected.Intervention(s): Ultrasound examinations were performed during a single menstrual cycle in addition to routine laboratory tests.Main Outcome Measure(s): Uterus-endometrial volume ratio.Result(s): Data from 18 patients could be evaluated. In 81 examinations the endometrium volume could be determined. Mean endometrial volume measured by three-dimensional ultrasound was 1.23 cm'. Mean uterus volume was 48.93 cm3. The change of the uterus-endometrial volume ratio showed a good correlation with the day of menstrual cycle. Quadratic regression analysis of volume and cycle length was R² = 0.432.Conclusion(s): Three-dimensional ultrasound allows assessment of volume data of the female internal genitalia. In this study changes of the endometrial volume in menstrual cycles were measured. Additional studies are required to give information on the clinical impact of this new technique of endometrial volume estimation.     

Virtual computed tomography colonoscopy: artifacts, image quality and radiation dose load in a cadaver study

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the interdependency of spatial resolution, image reconstruction artifacts, and radiation doses in virtual CT colonoscopy by comparing various CT scanning protocols. A pig's colon with several artificial polypoid lesions was imaged after air insufflation with helical CT scanning using 1-, 3-, and 5-mm collimation, and pitch values varying from 1.0 to 3.0. Virtual endoscopic images and “fly through” sequences were calculated on a Sun Sparc 20 workstation (Navigator Software, GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, Wis.). Several reconstruction artifacts as well as overall image quality were evaluated by three independent reviewers. In addition, radiation doses for the different CT protocols were measured as multiple-scan average dose using a 10-cm ion chamber and a standard Plexiglass body phantom. Generally, image quality and reconstruction artifacts were less affected by pitch values than by beam collimation. Thus, narrow beam collimation at higher pitch values (e. g. 3 mm/2.0) seems to be a reasonable compromise between quality of virtual endoscopic images and radiation dose load. Received: 4 February 1999; Revised: 16 June 1999; Accepted: 17 June 1999     

螺旋CT三维重建及切割软件在诊断颌面部骨折中的应用

目的探讨螺旋CT三维重建及切割软件在诊断颌面部骨折中的应用价值。方法29例颌面部骨折病例,先经螺旋CT扫描,后在工作站上进行三维重建和切割,显示骨折,分析总结二、三维及切割软件在显示骨折方面的效果。结果三维影像在显示浅部颌面部骨折位置,范围,骨碎片移位方面优于二维影像,但在显示深部结构方面不及二维影像;结合使用切割软件可扩大三维重建的应用范围,可同样清楚显示深部的三维结构。结论三维影像可清楚显示颌面部的空间解剖关系,切割软件能扩大三维软件的应用范围,可显示清楚深部结构的三维关系,有重要的临床应用价值。     

螺旋CT三维重建在鼻骨骨折中的临床应用价值

目的：探讨螺旋CT三维成像对鼻骨骨折的诊断价值。方法：应用GE Lightspeed Plus多排螺旋机扫描仪，对46例鼻外伤患者进行鼻骨横断面扫描和三维重建成像，并对检查结果进行分析。结果：46例鼻外伤患者中，9例普通X线侧位平片未发现骨折(19．6％)；CT图像均能清晰显示骨折线，其中单纯鼻骨骨折32例(69.6％)，并发上颌骨额突骨折11例(23．9%)，上颌窦骨折1例，筛窦纸样板骨折3例，鼻中隔断裂1例。结论：螺旋CT三维成像对于诊断鼻骨骨折具有重要的诊断价值。     

膝前框形钢丝内固定治疗髌骨骨折

目的探讨采用钢丝环扎 膝前方框形张力带钢丝内固定法治疗髌骨骨折的经验和临床效果.方法对35例髌骨骨折应用此方法治疗,基中男性24例,女性11例,30例获得3～24个月随访.结果优19例,良10例,可1例,优良率96.7%.术后未出现骨折再移位,无伤口感染.愈合时间6～12周.结论该方法符合生物力学原理,操作简便,适应证广,能早期关节活动,是治疗髌骨骨折的理想方法之一.     

钢丝环固定自体表皮移植治疗白癜风

目的探索特殊部位白癜风自体表皮移植治疗的包扎固定方法。方法试验组移植区边缘用钢丝环绕一周,缝合固定于皮肤上,并留置长线,皮片移植后将包扎敷料打包固定。对照组包扎敷料用胶带封包。结果自体表皮移植治疗眼睑及唇部易活动部位白癜风,采用钢丝环固定包扎,术区护理方便,对正常生活影响小,其治疗效果与传统的包扎方法相比有效率有明显提高(P<0.01)。结论钢丝环固定包扎是一种简单有效的包扎固定方法,可以提高活动大的部位白癜风手术治疗的成功率。     

Assessment of fetal behavior and general movements by four-dimensional sonography

The aim of this paper was to review the clinical applications of four-dimensional ultrasonography in the assessment of fetal behavior. With the use of a computerized database, articles on three-dimensional ultrasonography were reviewed. Several applications of dynamic three-dimensional ultrasonography have been reported, including imaging of fetal movements, facial expression and fetal hand movements. The importance of the assessment of fetal behavior by four-dimensional sonography is stressed. Four-dimensional sonography seems to be a useful imaging tool for clinical problem solving in perinatology, especially in observing the development of the central nervous system in utero.     

贝奥雄性抗生育剂在鼠类控制中的作用研究

目的 探讨贝奥雄性不育剂对鼠类抗生育和控制鼠类种群数量的作用，探讨雄性不育剂控制鼠类效果的评价方法。方法 实验室采用常规毒饵适口性实验方法观察适口性，现场选择在农田、农户环境，于4次投放毒饵后检查鼠类对贝奥雄性不育剂的消耗水平，用贝奥雄性不育剂处理后3个月和6个月测定鼠密度，解剖观察成年鼠生殖能力(怀孕率、雄鼠精子存活)，测量成幼年鼠的比例。结果 (1)贝奥雄性不育剂在实验室条件下，对SD大白鼠的摄食系数为0．45。(2)现场鼠类对贝奥雄性不育剂有较好的取食偏好，室外鼠对饵剂拖食率为30．00％，室内鼠对饵剂拖食率为40．67％。(3)投放贝奥雄性不育剂后，3个月和6个月的鼠密度与自然对照区比较，相关密度指数(RPI)值为38．44、36．44；与采用抗凝血杀鼠剂处理区比较，RPI值为51．06、63．39。(4)抗生育药物处理后，对鼠类生殖功能有比较明显的影响，实验区、抗凝血杀鼠剂、自然对照区3组黑线姬鼠(雌雄个体)有生殖功能率分别达到0、22．00％、27．78％。(5)3组所捕获鼠类年龄结构上亦有一定区别。结论 初步研究证明，贝奥雄性不育剂具有良好的适口性，有实际应用价值，在肾综合征出血热地区应用半年后，与自然对照和常规的抗凝血杀鼠剂比较，在控制种群数量上体现出其特有的价值，所制定的雄性不育剂控制鼠类效果评价的方法在实际应用中具有一定的可操作性。     

3种术式矫正轻度先天性小耳畸形的临床分析

目的：观察并比较3种术式矫正轻度先天性小耳畸形的临床疗效。方法：1?135例轻度先天性小耳畸形患者根据其临床特征分别选择软骨管成形或加钢丝悬吊术(198例) 、耳廓复合组织游离移植术（72例）和组织扩张器结合自体肋软骨移植外耳再造术（865例）3种术式。通过对570例患者进行长期随访，比较不同术式的术后临床效果和优缺点。结果：长期随访观察表明，570例患者术后双耳位置、形态、大小基本对称，少有复发现象和严重并发症。3种术式修复Ⅰ度先天性小耳畸形的随访优良率,差异不具有显著性意义。结论：根据患者残耳临床特征选择以上3种不同术式修复轻度先天性小耳畸形，均可获得满意的临床治疗效果。     

两类锁骨钩钢板初步应用对比

目的评价两类锁骨钩钢板治疗肩锁关节脱位的临床比较。方法应用两类不同的锁骨钩钢板治疗肩锁关节脱位TossyⅢ型37例，L型锁骨钩钢板内固定26例，U型锁骨钩钢板内固定11例。结果37例随访9～29个月，平均18个月，按Karlsson分类进行评价；L型锁骨钩钢板固定组A级23例，B级3例；U型锁骨钩钢板固定组A级5例，B级6例，C级1例。结论两类锁骨钩钢板都是治疗肩锁关节脱位的可靠方法。L型锁骨钩钢板操作更简便，损伤更小．切口更短，功能恢复更快，更满意。