如何构建三级医院临床科室综合目标管理考评体系

通过头脑风暴法建立临床科室综合目标管理原始评价指标库,采用德尔菲法和层次分析法构建三级医院临床科室综合目标管理考评指标体系,应用综合模糊评价法对某临床科室进行试评.考评体系的应用达到了对临床科室工作进行有效考评的目的,提高了临床科室的医疗、科研和教学质量.     

下咽癌中差异表达的蛋白激酶及抑制剂的研究进展

在头颈恶性肿瘤中,下咽癌恶性程度高,患者生存质量较差且通常预后不良。下咽癌的治疗采用手术为主的方式,并辅助以放化疗。术后患者喉功能受损严重,寻找能够尽量保护喉功能的治疗方法是目前研究的重点。靶向治疗对下咽癌患者保护喉功能、提高生存质量意义重大。研究发现,下咽癌发生过程中涉及多种蛋白激酶介导的信号通路及基因,对可能在这一过程中有重要意义的蛋白激酶PKC-β、CDK4/6、Cdc42、Rac1、STK33、CK2和PHLPP作一综述,以期为蛋白激酶抑制剂作为下咽癌治疗的靶点提供新的方向。     

丙泊酚目标靶控输注用于颅内动脉瘤介入治疗麻醉诱导的临床观察

目的 观察丙泊酚目标靶控输注用于颅内动脉瘤介入治疗麻醉诱导过程中对血流动力学的影响.方法 择期行颅内动脉瘤介入治疗患者90例,按随机数字表法分为三组：对照组（C组）、血浆药物浓度靶控输注组（P组）和效应室药物浓度靶控输注组（E组）,每组30例.C组采用丙泊酚2 mg/kg单次静脉推注;P组设定丙泊酚血浆靶浓度为4μg/ml;E组设定丙泊酚效应室靶浓度为4 μg/m],三组均采用瑞芬太尼浓度为4 ng/ml的血浆靶控输注,静脉推注顺阿曲库铵0.2 mg/kg.持续监测呼气末二氧化碳分压、脑电双频指数、平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、心电图、脉搏血氧饱和度及生命体征.记录各组患者诱导前（T0）、插管即刻（T1）、插管后1 min （T2）、3 min（T3）、5 min（T4）、10 min（T5）的MAP和HR,记录血流动力学异常发生率及血管活性药物使用情况.结果 三组T0时MAP及HR比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.三组T1时MAP及HR均显著低于本组T0,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;P组T1时MAP及HR显著低于E组和C组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.P组使用血管活性药物例数显著低于C组[6.7％（2/30）比40.0％（12/30）],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.结论 丙泊酚血浆药物浓度作为目标靶控输注浓度更适合颅内动脉瘤介入手术患者的麻醉诱导.     

The role of IL-17A/IL-17RA and lung injuries in children with lethal non-pandemic acute viral pneumonia

This study aimed to evaluate IL-17A (interleukin 17A) and IL-17RA (IL-17A receptor) in a pediatric population that died with non-pandemic acute viral pneumonia compared to the non-viral pneumonia group. Necropsy lung samples (n = 193) from children that died after severe acute infection pneumonia were selected and processed for viral antigen detection by immunohistochemistry. After this, they were separated into two groups: virus-positive (n = 68) and virus-negative lung samples (n = 125). Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the presence of IL-17A and IL-17RA in the lung tissue. The virus-positive group showed stronger immunolabeling for IL-17A and IL-17RA (p = 0.020 and p < 0.001, respectively). The result of this study may suggest that IL-17A and IL-17RA plays an essential role in the maintenance of viral infection and lung injuries. These aspects may increase the severity of the inflammatory response leading to lethal lung injuries in these patients. Children with community-acquired non-pandemic pneumonia that requiring hospitalization could benefit from using IL-17RA/IL-17A monoclonal antibodies to block their injurious effects.     

一例肾单位肾痨2型胎儿的产前超声表型及遗传学分析

目的对1例既往有胎儿双肾体积增大及羊水过少孕育史,本次妊娠16周余超声提示为双侧多囊性肾发育不良及羊水过少的引产胎儿行肾脏病理及分子遗传学检查,明确其病因,并为该家系的产前诊断和遗传咨询提供依据。方法对胎儿行超声检查明确其肾脏形态学改变,经遗传咨询后胎儿父母决定终止妊娠,取引产胎儿肾脏组织行病理学检查,通过目标区域捕获二代测序(next generation sequencing,NGS)对胎儿行遗传性肾脏疾病基因变异筛查,对胎儿及其父母行可疑致病基因变异位点Sanger测序验证。结果胎儿肾脏组织学检查提示为多囊性改变,未见正常的肾脏结构、肾皮质或髓质。NGS和PCR等检查明确胎儿携带INVS基因c.100+1G>A杂合变异和第3外显子杂合缺失,均为致病性变异,分别来自其母亲和父亲。结论对一个双侧多囊性肾发育不良引产胎儿明确诊断为肾单位肾痨2型(typeⅡnephronophthisis,NPHP2),对该家庭再次生育提供了精准的指导。NPHP2疾病的基因诊断在国内鲜有报道,本研究结果加强了对该类疾病临床表现和遗传学病因的认识。     

The ERP correlates of target checking are dependent upon the defining features of the prospective memory cues

In some contexts, prospective memory (PM) is thought to be dependent upon strategic monitoring of the environment for relevant cues. Behavioral data reveal that strategic monitoring is associated with slowing of response time for ongoing activity trials when a prospective component is added to the task, and functional imaging data reveal that monitoring is associated with recruitment of the anterior prefrontal cortex and other cortical structures. In the current study, event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were used to examine the neural correlates of target checking, one process underlying strategic monitoring. Consistent with previous research the behavioral data revealed a Stimulus Specific Interference Effect, wherein slowing of response time varied depending upon whether PM cues were words or nonwords. The ERP data also revealed that the neural correlates of target checking were sensitive to the defining features of the PM cues (i.e., were a word or nonword). When PM cues were words, the effect of target checking was associated with variation in ERP amplitude beginning around 100 ms after stimulus onset. In contrast, when PM cues were nonwords, the effect of target checking on the ERPs did not emerge until around 200 ms after stimulus onset. These data provide support for the multi-process view of PM by demonstrating that the pattern of neural recruitment related to target checking is sensitive to the defining characteristics of the PM cues.     

A novel mutation in the PSEN2 gene (N141Y) associated with early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease in a Chinese Han family

The mutations in the presenilin 2 (PSEN2) gene as causes of early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) have never been reported in Asia. We conducted a phenotype and pedigree study by performing neuropathological examination and target region sequencing in a family of 3 generations. Six members in this family developed dementia in their fifth decade and died in their sixth decade. The proband was diagnosed clinically with AD, which was confirmed by an autopsy. Target region sequencing showed a novel missense mutation at codon 141 (N141Y) of the PSEN2 gene that predicts an Asparagine-to-Tyrosine substitution in the affected individuals. The result was validated by Sanger sequencing in 7 family members (2 affected and 5 unaffected). The mutation was absent in the 5 clinically unaffected relatives and 188 control subjects. No influence of the APOE genotype was observed. We are the first to demonstrate a novel PSEN2 N141Y mutation in a Chinese Han family with early-onset AD.     

血清胱抑素C、同型半胱氨酸水平与原发性高血压病患者靶器官损害的关系

目的探究血清胱抑素C(Cys C)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与原发性高血压病患者靶器官损伤的关系。方法回顾性选择2014年9月至2017年12月西宁市第一人民医院心血管内科收治的原发性高血压患者纳入研究。收集患者一般资料,测定患者Hcy、Cys C、内生肌酐(Ccr)、颈动脉内膜中层厚度(c IMT)、左室质量指数(LVMI)等指标,比较不同高血压分级(高血压1级22例;高血压2级30例,高血压3级37例)及不同高血压类型患者(非H型高血压组41例及H型高血压组48例)各指标差异,分析血清Cy Sc、Hcy水平与靶器官损伤指标间的相关性。结果高血压患者LVMI、c IMT及血清Hcy、Cys C水平随高血压严重程度增加而升高(P <0. 05);血清Ccr水平随血压分级升高而递减,差异具有统计学意义(P <0. 05);H型高血压患者Hcy、Cys C、LVMI及c IMT显著高于非H型高血压患者(P <0. 05);Ccr水平显著低于非H型高血压患者,差异具统计学意义(P <0. 05);Pearson相关性分析示,血清Hcy与c IMT、LVMI呈正相关(P <0.05),与Ccr呈负相关(P <0.05);血清Cys C与LVMI呈正相关(P <0.05),与Ccr呈负相关(P <0. 05)。结论血清Cy Sc、Hcy水平与原发性高血压病患者靶器官损害相关,可作为反映靶器官损伤的参考指标。     

MRI、CT和PET-CT检查对鼻咽癌咽后淋巴结转移的诊断价值

背景与目的:三维适形调强放射治疗已成为鼻咽癌放射治疗发展的方向,靶区勾画的精确性显得尤为重要.本研究的目的是探讨MRI、CT以及18F-FDG PET-CT对鼻咽癌咽后淋巴结转移诊断的临床价值,为设计放射治疗计划提供参考.方法:收集2003年1月至2005年4月间中山大学肿瘤防治中心放疗科收治、经病理证实的初诊鼻咽癌87例,所有病例同时具有治疗前鼻咽和颈部的MRI、增强CT及PET.CT检查资料.在MRI、CT及PET-CT上分别评价鼻咽癌咽后淋巴结转移的检出率,比较采用χ2检验.结果:174侧(87例患者)咽旁间隙中,MRI、CT和PET-CT对鼻咽癌咽后淋巴结转移的检出率分别为44.8%、33.9%和24.1%.MRI对鼻咽癌咽后淋巴结转移的检出优于CT(P=0.037).MRI及CT对鼻咽癌咽后淋巴结转移的检出率高于.PET-CT,其差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.001,P=0.002).咽后淋巴结的最小径与PET-CT的标准摄取值呈正相关(r=0.832,P＜0.001).结论:MRI对咽后淋巴结转移的检出率高于CT及PET-CT.在鼻咽癌的三维适形调强放射治疗中,三者的结合应用将有利于提高靶区勾画的精确度.