白大衣高血压患者血压变异性对靶器官损害的影响

目的探讨血压变异性对白大衣高血压患者靶器官损害的影响。方法门诊患者119例,根据24 h动态血压和诊室血压分为正常血压组(NT)和白大衣高血压组(WCH)。其中白大衣高血压组根据24 h收缩压变异程度分为:白大衣高血压血压变异性低组(WCH-L),白大衣高血压血压变异性高组(WCH-H)。心脏和颈动脉超声检查:计算二尖瓣环心肌舒张早期峰值运动速度(Em)与舒张晚期峰值运动速度(Am)比值(Em/Am),评价左心室舒张功能及颈动脉损害的发生率。结果 (1)NT组左心室舒张功能减退发生率(21.87%,7例/32例)、颈动脉损害的检出率(18.75%,6例/32例)与WCH-L组(31.11%,14例/45例;22.22%,10例/45例)相近,组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.370、0.711);(2)WCH-H组左心室舒张功能减退发生率(52.38%,22例/42例)、颈动脉损害的检出率(42.85%,18例/42例)明显高于NT组(P=0.008、0.028)和WCH-L组(P=0.044、0.040),差异均有统计学意义。结论血压变异性较大的白大衣高血压患者具有较高的靶器官损害发生率。     

隐匿性高血压与靶器官损害的研究进展

<正>临床上,医生通过非诊室血压(包括动态血压监测、家庭血压监测)和诊室血压这两种不同的检测方法来识别4种类型的血压状态:(1)诊室血压和动态血压均正常为血压正常;(2)诊室血压和动态血压均高于正常为持续性高血压;(3)诊室血压高于正常,动态血压正常为白大衣高血压;(4)诊室血压正常,动态血压高于正常为隐匿性高血压(Masked hypertension,MH)。而隐匿性高血压最早是在1991年由Devereux和Pickering提出的"白大衣正常血压",并定义为诊室血压正常而24 h动态血压监测异常的高血压。目前,     

Metabolic syndrome in hypertensive patients:An unholy alliance

For many years, it has been recognized that hypertension tends to cluster with various anthropometric and metabolic abnormalities including abdominal obesity, elevated triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and hyperuricemia. This constellation of various conditions has been transformed from a pathophysiological concept to a clinical entity, which has been defined metabolic syndrome(MetS). The consequences of the MetS have been difficult to assess without commonly accepted criteria to diagnose it. For this reason, on 2009 the International Diabetes Federation, the American Heart Association and other scientific organizations proposed a unified MetS definition. The incidence of the MetS has been increasing worldwide in parallel with an increase in overweight and obesity. The epidemic proportion reached by the MetS represents a major public health challenge, because several lines of evidence showed that the MetS, even without type 2 diabetes, confers an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in different populations including also hypertensive patients. It is likely that the enhanced cardiovascular risk associated with MetS in patients with high blood pressure may be largely mediated through an increased prevalence of preclinical cardiovascular and renal changes, such as left ventricular hypertrophy, early carotid atherosclerosis, impaired aortic elasticity, hypertensive retinopathy and microalbuminuria. Indeed, many reports support this notion, showing that hypertensive patients with MetS exhibit, more often than those without it, these early signs of end organ damage, most of which are recognized as significant independent predictors of adverse cardiovascular outcomes.     

目标责任制在ICU护理管理中的应用观察

目的探讨目标责任制在ICU护理管理中的应用效果。方法选取2017年12月~2018年12月于我院ICU住院治疗的92例患者作为分析对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为观察组与对照组各46例。对照组患者予以常规护理,观察组患者予以目标责任制护理。出院时,评估两组ICU护理质量(基础护理、护理技能、病房管理、健康教育、护理流程);观察两组患者在ICU住院时间、院内感染发生率、病死率差异。比较两组患者出院4周后生活质量[健康状况调查问卷(SF-36)]评分差异。结果出院时,观察组ICU护理质量明显高于对照组(P均<0.05);观察组患者ICU住院时间明显低于对照组(P<0.05),两组患者院内感染发生率、病死率比较差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。出院4周后,观察组患者生活质量明显高于对照组(P均<0.05)。结论目标责任制护理能提高ICU护理质量,能缩短患者ICU住院时间,降低院内感染发生率及病死率,提高患者生活质量。     

MRI影像与CT影像融合技术在局部晚期食管癌放疗靶区勾画中的应用研究

目的:探讨磁共振弥散加权影像（DWI）联合T2WI影像融合电子计算机断层扫描（CT）影像技术在局部晚期食管癌放疗靶区勾画中的应用价值。方法:选取2018年3月-2019年3月本院收治的食管癌局部晚期患者31例为研究对象,患者均在放疗前行CT和MRI常规及DWI检查,采用Eclipse治疗计划系统将两种影像学图片融合,由3名放疗科医师在CT图像及融合图像上进行放疗靶区勾画,分别记作A、B、C组。比较两种勾画方案勾画食管癌大体肿瘤靶区(GTV)和临床靶区（CTV）体积、长度、厚度及其变异系数CV值和Ratio值（最大值/最小值）,分析CT图像与融合图像GTV和CTV体积差异的原因。结果: 以CT为基础勾画的GTV和CTV体积、长度、厚度均大于以融合图像为基础勾画,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。3名放疗医师以CT图像为基础勾画的各项指标CV值、Ratio均大于以融合图像为基础勾画,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;多因素分析,颈段食管癌、T4期食管癌是影响CT图像与融合图像GTV和CTV体积差异的独立相关因素（均P＜0.05）。结论:相对于CT图像,DWI联合T2WI影像融合CT影像技术能有效指导食管癌放疗靶区勾画及不同医师靶区勾画一致性。     

MIM系统标准病例模块联合CBL教学在放疗科靶区勾画中的应用

目的探讨基于MIM计划系统标准病例模块的CBL教学方法在肿瘤放疗科临床研究生和规培生学习肿瘤靶区勾画的教学效果。方法选取2016-2018年度西安交通大学第一附属医院肿瘤放疗科临床研究生和规培生40名,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组20名。在MIM放疗计划系统上建立子病例库,以肺癌教学为例,创建标准化肺癌靶区勾画病例。在临床中选择具体病例,实验组采用MIM标准化病例学习和传统带教方法学习,对照组采用传统教学方法。临床带教3个月,比较两组学员的学习效果及教学满意度。结果实验组靶区勾画准确性、总成绩、教学满意度均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于MIM计划系统标准病例模块建立的CBL教学方法在肿瘤放疗科临床研究生和规培生靶区勾画中具有显著的效果,有助于提高临床操作技能,值得进一步推广。     

晚期口腔颌面-头颈鳞癌EGFR单抗靶向治疗—71例临床分析

目的:结合国内实际情况,探索靶向综合治疗晚期口腔颌面-头颈鳞癌,旨在明确其疗效,提高患者的近期生存率。方法:2008年4月—2010年4月综合治疗71例晚期口腔颌面-头颈癌患者,其中男54例,女17例,年龄30~83岁,平均60.2岁。经组织学和影像学证实,局部晚期头颈癌患者具备生物化疗的适应证。卡氏评分>70分,生存预期不少于6个月。入组者血红蛋白≥110g/L,WBC≥4×109/L,血小板≥100×109/L,肝、肾功能各项指标均在正常值,血糖正常。化疗方案为方案TPF,即d1 TXT 75 mg/m2,d1 CDDP 75 mg/m2,d1-d5 5-Fu 750 mg/m2,d1、d8尼妥珠200 mg/(m2.周)。结果:完成化疗2~4个疗程,平均3个周期。尼妥珠应用2~8次,平均5次。随访12~24个月,中位随访期20个月。71例中,40例获得相对彻底的手术治疗。CR 4例,PR 39例,7例无法评价,SD 18例,PD 3例。CR+PR=43例,近期总有效率为61%。2例出现轻微皮疹,未见严重不良反应。结论:应用TPF方案治疗71例晚期口腔颌面-头颈鳞癌,患者对尼妥珠有良好的耐受性。尼妥珠可增加晚期口腔颌面-头颈鳞癌的化疗敏感性,并可使临床TNM分期降级,使56%的患者重获手术治疗机会。远期疗效有待进一步观察。     

依托社区卫生服务机构对目标人群实施艾滋病预防和优先干预的探索

目的探索依托社区卫生服务机构,对小足浴房、小洗头房、小卡拉OK厅(三小场所)的从业人员和流动人口,实施预防和优先干预的可行性和可接受性。方法采用横断面调查的方法,对上海市6个区的360名"三小场所"工作人员,3个区的720名流动人口进行问卷调查,并对目标人群实施艾滋病预防和优先干预的可行性和可接受性进行评价。结果依托社区卫生服务中心对目标人群实施艾滋病预防和干预后,"三小场所"人员和流动人口的艾滋病知识知晓率分别为82.22%(296/360)和79.58%(573/720);最近一年接受过社区卫生服务中心开展的艾滋病预防和干预工作的分别为75.28%(271/360)和41.11%(296/720)。两类目标人群更容易接受社区卫生服务中心提供的预防和干预服务,且表示满意;对于服务方式和宣传资料持肯定态度且易于接受。结论依托社区卫生服务机构对目标人群实施艾滋病预防和优先干预是可行的,目标人群是容易接受的,在因地制宜的基础上,艾滋病预防和优先干预的工作策略和重点,可以考虑下沉到社区卫生服务机构。     

Target-controlled induction with 2.5% sevoflurane does not avoid the risk of electroencephalographic abnormalities

Background

Epileptiform discharges (ED) can occur during sevoflurane induction, especially in young female patients and when high alveolar concentrations are used. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether low sevoflurane concentration reduces the occurrence of ED in female patients.

Methods

Thirty-four female patients scheduled for minor gynecological surgery were prospectively included and randomized in two groups. In group A, anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane inspired 8% manually set via the circuit of the Zeus^® (Dräger Medical, Lübeck, Germany) anesthesia workstation (fresh gas flow 8 L.min⁻¹) for 2 min and then 2.5%. In group B, induction was performed by target-controlled inhalation with a target end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane set at 2.5% (fresh gas flow in auto-control mode). Electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded in the operating room throughout induction till two min after intubation and analyzed off-line by a neurophysiologist blinded to the randomization.

Results

ED occurred in five patients (15%): one in group A and four in group B (P > 0.05). ED occurred with a median delay of 303 s [25–75 interquartiles: 135–418] and the median duration of ED episode was 13 s [3–78]. Fifteen patients had abnormal movements without simultaneous EEG abnormality.

Conclusion

Induction of anesthesia with low target concentration of sevoflurane (2.5%) fails to totally prevent the occurrence of ED in young female patients and should be used carefully in this population.     

基于网络药理学研究桃红四物汤干预腰椎间盘突出症的机制

目的 构建桃红四物汤干预腰椎间盘突出症的“药物- 靶基因- 疾病”预测模型,探究桃红四物汤治疗腰椎间盘突出症的核心靶点及作用通路。方法 〖JP3〗通过中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台收集桃红四物汤中有效的化学成分及靶点信息,运用UniProt蛋白质数据库实现基因靶点名称规范化;从GeneCards、疗效靶点数据库、人类孟德尔遗传在线、DRUGBANK数据库中查找腰椎间盘突出症的靶点。构建“成分- 靶点- 疾病”网络,并对蛋白相互作用（protein- protein interaction,PPI）网络进行可视化分析,分析排名前20个靶点的生物过程、分子功能、细胞组成和京都基因与基因组百科全书（Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG）中信号通路。结果 筛选出69个桃红四物汤的有效化学成分,235个潜在基因靶点,其中与腰椎间盘突出症共同的基因靶点有82个。PPI网络分析显示,肿瘤坏死因子（tumor necrosis factor,TNF）、表皮生长因子（epidermal growth factor,EGF)、表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR）、激活蛋白1（activator protein 1,JUN)、丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶（serine/threonine- protein kinase 1,AKT1）是桃红四物汤干预腰椎间盘突出症的核心靶点。基因本体论的富集分析结果显示,桃红四物汤干预腰椎间盘突出症的过程涉及对DNA结合转录因子活性的调节、细胞对生物刺激的反应、氧化应激反应以及对脂多糖、细菌来源分子的调节;KEGG的通路富集分析结果显示,丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（mitogen- activated protein kinase,MAPK）通路、晚期糖基化终末产物（advanced glycation end product,AGE)- AGE受体（receptor for AGE,RAGE）通路、TNF通路的差异蛋白表达水平较高。结论 桃红四物汤可能是通过抗炎、提高免疫、调控激素、延缓细胞凋亡等作用多靶点、多通路调控腰椎间盘突出症。