目标教学路径在实习护生带教中的应用研究

目的：探讨目标教学路径在实习护生带教中的应用效果及意义。方法护生入科后随机分为对照组和观察组，对照组采用传统带教模式，即根据教学大纲要求带教老师自行安排教学内容；观察组采用目标教学路径模式进行带教。实习结束后，比较两组护生的理论知识、操作技能、临床能力、职业素质及对带教工作的满意度。结果对照组和观察组理论知识得分为（92．85 ± 2．03）分、（95．65 ± 2．19）分，操作技能得分为（88．95 ± 2．84）分、（93．56 ± 2．19）分，临床能力得分为（7．39±0．34）分、（7．95±0．54）分，职业素质得分为（87．12±4．05）分、（89．59 ± 3．81）分，满意度得分为（95．02±4．10）分、（97．91 ± 3．03）分，两组各项评价指标经统计学检验，观察组均优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论目标教学路径能够统一教学内容，明确教学目标；规范教学行为，保证教学质量；加强职业素养，提高带教满意度。因此，目标教学路径带教模式优于传统带教模式。     

Sustaining program effectiveness after implementation: The case of the self-management of well-being group intervention for older adults

ObjectiveThe Self-Management of Well-being (SMW) group intervention for older women was implemented in health and social care. Our aim was to assess whether effects of the SMW intervention were comparable with the original randomized controlled trial (RCT). Furthermore, we investigated threats to effectiveness, such as participant adherence, group reached, and program fidelity.MethodsIn the implementation study (IMP) 287 and RCT 142 women participated. We compared scores on self-management ability and well-being of the IMP and RCT. For adherence, drop-out rates and session attendance were compared. Regarding reach, we compared participants’ baseline characteristics. Professionals completed questions regarding program fidelity.ResultsNo significant differences were found on effect outcomes and adherence between IMP and RCT (all p ≥ 0.135). Intervention effect sizes were equal (0.47–0.59). IMP participants were significantly less lonely and more likely to be married, but had lower well-being. Most professionals followed the protocol, with only minimal deviations.ConclusionThe effectiveness of the SMW group intervention was reproduced after implementation, with similar participant adherence, minimal changes in the group reached, and high program fidelity.Practice implicationsThe SMW group intervention can be transferred to health and social care without loss of effectiveness. Implementation at a larger scale is warranted.     

唾液腺恶性多形性腺瘤HER2基因扩增与临床病理特征及预后的关系

目的: 检测唾液腺恶性多形性腺瘤（malignant pleomorphic adenoma,MPA）中人上皮生长因子受体2（human epithelial growth factor receptor 2,HER2）蛋白表达、基因扩增情况,分析其与肿瘤临床病理及患者预后的相关性,以期评估其作为靶向治疗位点的可能性。方法: 应用免疫组织化学染色法检测140例MPA患者肿瘤组织中HER2蛋白的表达,对HER2基因扩增情况不明确者（HER2 2+）行荧光原位杂交,确定基因扩增状态。统计140例患者临床病理资料并进行随访,应用SPSS16.0软件包中的Kaplan-Meier、Cox比例风险模型,分析HER2基因扩增与MPA肿瘤临床病理及患者预后的相关性。结果: 140例MPA患者中,HER2阳性率为25%。腺癌亚型MPA中,HER2阳性率达到40.5%（32/79）,显著高于肌上皮癌亚型MPA（4.9%,3/61）（P<0.05）。HER2阳性与肿瘤患者性别、组织学分级及N分期显著相关。生存分析显示,HER2阳性患者总生存率及疾病别生存率低。结论: HER2基因过表达及扩增与MPA肿瘤细胞恶变亚型显著相关,并且提示MPA患者较差的预后状态。     

老年高血压患者静息心率增加对靶器官损害的临床研究

目的探讨老年原发性高血压(EH)患者静息心率(RHR)与靶器官损害的关系。方法入选老年EH患者206例,按RHR水平分为RHR1组<70次/min(56例),RHR2组70次≤RHR<80次/min(84例),RHR3组RHR≥80次(66例)三组。对人选患者做以下检查心电图、超声心动图、颈动脉超声、肌酐清除率以及尿微量白蛋白。结果(1)RHR2组和RHR3组的颈动脉内膜厚度(IMT)、颈动脉内径(CAD)、左心室重量指数(LVMI)以及尿微量白蛋白定量(MAU)均高于RHR1组(P<0.01),而左室射血分数(LVEF)、肌酐清除率小于RHR1组(P<0.01)。(2)RHR与IMT、CAD、LVMI、MAU呈正相关(r分别为0.312、0.289、0.630、0.576,P<0.01),而与LVEF、肌酐清除率呈负相关(r分别为-0.563、-0.510,P<0.01)。(3)非条件Logistic回归分析显示,RHR、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、脉压(PP)对高血压性心脏病、冠心病、心力衰竭、脑血管意外和肾功能损害有不同程度的影响(P<0.05或P<0.01),其中SBP和RHR的作用更大。结论RHR可能是老年EH患者靶器官损害的独立危险因素。     

原发性高血压并糖尿病老年患者血压与靶器官损害的关联性研究

目的:探讨原发性高血压合并糖尿病老年患者血压与靶器官损害的关联性。方法:将本院收治的70例高血压合并糖尿病患者纳入A组,68例单纯高血压患者纳入B组,52例单纯糖尿病患者纳入C组,并将同时期的46例健康体检志愿者纳入D组。对四组患者的临床指标进行统计学分析。结果:A组患者的TC、LDL-C以及IMT水平均显著高于B、C两组;与B组比较,A组患者的24 h SBP、n SBP水平显著增高,同时24 h DBP、d DBP显著降低;A组患者的靶器官损害比例也显著高于其他组,比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:原发性高血压合并糖尿病能够显著加重患者的血压变异性以及靶器官的损害程度。     

Hypertension mediated kidney and cardiovascular damage and risk stratification: Redefining concepts

Hypertension mediated organ damage (HMOD) refers to structural or functional changes in arteries or target organs that can be present in long-standing hypertension, but it can be also found in naïve never treated patients. Traditionally, cardiovascular risk is stratified with charts or calculators that tend to underestimate the real cardiovascular risk. The diagnosis of HMOD automatically reclassifies patients to the highest level of cardiovascular risk. Subclinical HMOD can be present already at the diagnosis of hypertension and more than 25% of hypertensives are misclassified with the routine tests recommended by hypertension guidelines. Whether HMOD regression improves cardiovascular outcomes has never been investigated in randomized clinical trials and remains controversial. However, different drugs have been probed with promising results in high cardiovascular risk patients, such as the new antidiabetic or the novel non-steroid mineralocorticoid antagonists. Accordingly, trials have shown that lowering blood pressure reduces cardiovascular events. In this narrative review, we will discuss the role of HMOD in cardiovascular risk stratification, the different types of organ damage, and the evidence available to define whether HMOD can be used as a therapeutic target.     

靶控输注不同镇静药物用于围术期自控镇静技术中的比较

目的探讨围术期自控镇静技术中靶控输注不同镇静药物的临床镇静效果。方法对在该院接受手术的80例患者入院资料进行分析,随机分为丙泊酚组和咪达唑仑组。本研究中二组患者在围术期靶控输注不同镇静药物,咪达唑仑组靶控输注咪达唑仑镇静剂,丙泊酚组靶控输注丙泊酚镇静,注射完后记录患者平卧10min、注射镇静药后2min、5min、10min以及手术结束前10min、手术结束时等6个时间点的OAA/S镇静评分值,并密切观察患者的镇静效果和呼吸情况。结果丙泊酚组T1时刻镇静评分为(5.0±0.0),镇静评分值在注射药物2min到5min后都明显下降,T2时刻镇静评分为(3.6±0.2)、T3时刻镇静评分为(2.5±0.4)与咪达唑仑组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);T4、T5、T6时刻镇静评分二组患者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);镇静后二组患者的MAP,HR均明显下降,丙泊酚组患者在镇静后2min,5min时的MAP、HR均低于咪达唑仑组(P<0.05),其他时间二组差异无统计学意义;丙泊酚组中有5例患者呼吸抑制,咪达唑仑组有3例(P>0.05)。结论围术期自控镇静技术中靶控输注丙泊酚镇静效果较好,患者麻醉后对其生命体征影响比较小,值得推广使用。     

Effect of regional cerebral oximetry to estimate neurologic prognostic outcomes in patients administered targeted temperature management

Purpose

The aim of our study is to research the role and efficacy of cerebral oximetry in predicting neurologic prognosis when applied during TTM to patients experiencing coma after CA.