Development and inhibition of the target phenomenon in tenotomized rat muscle

Summary The sequence of development of the target phenomenon in tenotomized gastrocnemius muscle was studied: the presence of target fibres was preceded by the occurrence of contraction bands and of moth eaten appearance of the fibres. This phenomenon was far more pronounced and occurred earlier in type II than in type I fibres.This target phenomenon and the contraction artefacts could be inhibited in the tenotomized muscles by simultaneous neurotomy or immobilization of the muscle with a plaster cast. Delayed denervation inhibited also the target phenomenon, if performed less than 5 days after the tenotomy. These series of experiments seem to indicate that the target phenomenon occurs in more irritable muscle fibres and that muscular activity is needed for its development.     

吉非替尼(Iressa)治疗复发性非小细胞肺癌

目的　总结吉非替尼 (Iressa)治疗复发性非小细胞肺癌患者的临床疗效。方法　 2 9例经放化疗治疗失败的非小细胞肺癌进入本研究 ,其中 3例肿瘤局限于胸腔内 ,2 6例已有远处转移。Iressa剂量为 2 5 0mg/次 ,口服 ,每天 1次。全组服药的中位时间为 5个月。 结果　主要的毒副作用是皮疹 ,共有 12例发生皮疹 ,占全组的 41.4%。其它的副作用有腹泻 2例 ,心动过缓 1例 ,转氨酶升高 1例。治疗后获完全缓解 1例 ,部分缓解 7例 ,稳定 12例 ,进展 9例。全组有效率为 2 7.5 9%,疾病控制率为 68.97%。中位生存时间为 5 .5个月 ( 1～ 19个月 ) ,中位肿瘤进展时间为 6.5个月 ,1年生存率为 44 .83 %。结论　Iressa对放化疗治疗失败的非小细胞肺癌患者有明显的抗肿瘤作用 ,能明显改善症状 ,延长生存期     

大黄素对膀胱肿瘤细胞株BIu87和T24的作用研究

目的　探讨大黄素对HER - 2高表达的T2 4和低表达的BIU87膀胱肿瘤细胞株的作用 ,初步明确其用于治疗的可能性。方法　用抗HER - 2单克隆抗体作细胞株的免疫细胞化学 ,用MTT法检测大黄素和阿霉素的细胞抑制率 ,并计算出其相应的IC50 。以IC50 作为参考浓度 ,作用于肿瘤细胞株 ,用流式细胞仪测定细胞凋亡率。结果　T2 4为HER - 2高表达 ,BIU87为低表达。大黄素作用后 72h ,BIU87和T2 4的IC50 分别为 34 2 μM和13 6 μM ,阿霉素的IC50 分别为 19 1μM和 2 5 5 μM。两细胞株的平均IC50 浓度作用于BIU87和T2 4 ,大黄素细胞凋亡率分别为 4 4 5 %和 77 3% (P <0 0 1) ,阿霉素分别为 5 6 9%和 5 7 3% ,P >0 0 5。结论　大黄素对HER- 2高表达之细胞株T2 4的作用优于低表达之细胞株BIU87     

右美托咪定靶控输注在冠状动脉搭桥术中的作用

【摘要】 目的 研究右美托咪定靶控输注在冠状动脉搭桥术 (CABG) 中的作用。方法 纳入2015年1 月~2017年10月于我院行CABG治疗的94例冠心病患者,数字法随机分为观察组与对照组,每组各47例。两组均采用常规气管插管全麻,观察组在此基础上进行右美托咪定靶控输注,对照组输注等量生理盐水。将麻醉诱导前、麻醉后、插管前、插管后及插管后5min设为T0、T1、T2、T3、T4,比较各时间点两组动脉舒张压（DBP）、收缩压（SBP）、平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、HR与SBP乘积（RPP）以及手术时间、拔管时间、苏醒时间。结果 两组T0、T1、T2 HR、RPP比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞005）,T3、T4观察组HR低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜005）; 两组T0、T1、T2DBP、SBP、MAP比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞005）,T3、T4观察组DBP、SBP、MAP均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜005）;两组手术时间比较差异无统计学意义（P＞005）;观察组苏醒时间、拔管时间低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜005）。结论 冠心病冠状动脉搭桥术治疗运用右美托咪定靶控输注能够降低插管后血压与心率,即减轻气管插管时心血管反应及心肌耗氧。     

目标性培训在消毒供应中心培训中的应用

目的 探讨目标性培训方法在消毒供应中心岗位人员器械培训中的应用效果。方法 本研究为随机对照试验。选取2021年4月至7月在揭阳市人民医院消毒供应中心从事手术组工作的 20名 33～45岁女性岗位人员作为培训对象，采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组，各 10名。 对照组应用传统的培训方法，观察组应用目标性培训方法。培训后比较两组人员操作技能考核成绩、 培训满意度、负责清洗包装腹腔镜基础器械包的清洗质量和包装质量合格率。符合正态分布的计量资料采用均数±标准差（xˉ ± s）表示，组间比较采用独立样本t检验；计数资料采用例数或率（%）表示， 组间比较采用卡方检验；P＜0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 观察组考核成绩、培训满意度及其负责清洗包装的腹腔镜基础器械包清洗质量、包装质量合格率明显高于对照组［（90.2±6.1）分比（77.0± 7.5）分、（90.0±6.0）分比（72.1±9.8）分、487（97.4%）比453（90.6%）、492（98.4%）比472（94.4%）］，差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论 在消毒供应中心岗位人员器械培训时应用目标性培训方法，可有效提高岗位人员考核成绩及培训满意度及其负责清洗包装的腹腔镜基础器械包清洗质量、包装质量合 格率，保障患者安全。     

Inference for Clinical Trials with Some Protocol Amendments

ABSTRACT

The use of adaptive methods in clinical development has become very popular in recent years due to its flexibility in modifying trial procedures and/or statistical procedures of on-going clinical trials. Modifications to trial procedures are usually documented by protocol amendments. However, the actual patient population after protocol amendments could deviate from the originally targeted patient population. In addition, protocol amendments made based on accrued data of the on-going trial may distort the sampling distribution of the statistic designed for the case of no protocol change. In this article, we model the population deviations due to protocol amendments using some covariates and study how to develop a valid statistical inference procedure. An example concerning an asthma trial is presented for illustration.     

Effect of exposure factors on image quality in screening mammography

IntroductionThe aim of this research was to study the effect of exposure factors on image quality for digital screening mammography units in Kuwait which use Tungsten (W) targets with Rhodium (Rh) and Silver (Ag) as filters.MethodsMammography Accreditation Phantom Model 015 was imaged using a Hologic Selenia Digital mammography unit with W targets and Rh and Ag filters. Four images, each at 26, 28, 30, and 32 kVp, were obtained using each target-filter combination (W/Rh and W/Ag). The images were evaluated by five senior technologists for the number of specks, fibers and masses visible on each image. Statistical analysis was carried out using non-parametric tests at p = 0.05 level.ResultsThere were significant changes in the visibility of fibers and specks between different kVp values with W/Rh (p < 0.001). However, with W/Ag combination, significant differences were observed in the fibers only (p < 0.001). Among the kVp values used, 28 kV emerged as the optimal value. Comparison of images obtained with the two filter materials, led to significant differences in the visibility of fibers and specks (p < 0.008). At 32 kVp, there were significant differences in the visibility of specks only (p < 0.008).ConclusionA W/Rh target-filter combination provides better image quality than that provided by W/Ag. In particular, 30 and 32 kVp X-ray beams produce higher quality images than the lower kV values.     

MBO管理法在神经外科临床护理带教中的应用研究

目的分析运用MBO管理法（目标管理法）在神经外科临床护理带教中的应用效果，探索更为有效的护理带教方法。方法将2012年5月-2013年3月在我院神经外科实习的护理学员96名纳入研究对象，随机分为观察组（n=48）和对照组（n=48）。对照组：按照传统带教方法，随机完成大纲要求的教学内容。观察组：采用MBO模式，根据神经外科特点、总目标和护理实习的大纲要求，结合学员的实际考核情况，制定针对个人的带教目标和培训内容，制定日、周计划。4周内每周都要达到预定的目标。4周结束后对学员进行考核。观察并比较两组理论、操作、健康教育及满意度。结果观察组护理学员实行目标管理后，理论、操作、健康教育考评成绩及满意度明显高于对照组，两组比较差异有显著意义（P〈0．05）。结论将MBO法运用于神经外科临床护理学员带教中，对新护理学员和带教老师均提出了明确的目标要求，强化了老师带教意识，促进了学员的自控管理能力，提高了神经外科临床护理学员的整体水平。