Effect of Loxosceles gaucho venom on cell morphology and behaviour in vitro in the presence and absence of sphingomyelin.

This study was performed to investigate whether the toxic effects of Loxosceles gaucho venom on cells might be exerted via stimulators of TNF-alpha release generated by sphingomyelinase D--a major component of the venom. It was demonstrated that L. gaucho venom alone is unable to induce TNF-alpha release by J774A.1 cells, while in the presence of exogenous sphingomyelin it induces a high level of TNF-alpha release which is significantly increased by incubation with non-inactivated serum. Ceramide phosphate also induces TNF-alpha release in J774A.1 cells, but (unlike sphingomyelin/sphingomyelinase) the level of release is not influenced by the presence or otherwise of non-inactivated serum. L. gaucho venom does not induce proliferation of J774A.1 cells and even at high concentrations it does not affect their viability. J774A.1 cells, which prior to venom treatment were elongated and clumped, round up after venom treatment, but, revert to their original morphology after incubation with fresh medium. TNF-alpha resistant MRC-5 cells and TNF-alpha sensitive MCF-7 cells are susceptible to the toxic effect of both L. gaucho venom and ceramide phosphate. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that exogenous sphingomyelin can modulate, in vitro, the release of TNF-alpha induced by L. gaucho venom in mouse macrophages. In addition, the results also indicate that ceramide phosphate and L. gaucho venom are toxic to several different cell types, via a variety of mechanisms, some, but not all, of which may involve TNF-alpha as an intermediary.     

人His6-IFNγ/TNFβ(His6γ-TNFNβ)融合蛋白(包涵体)的分离、纯化与复性研究

应用pET28(含T_7lac启动子和His6-tag)质粒,将人γTNFβ融合基因与之组建成pETγLT表达质粒,并转化于E.coliBL21(DE3).本文对pETγLT/ BL21(DE3)工程菌的His6-γTNFβ重组产物进行了诱导表达,分离纯化的研究.结果表明,该工程菌用LB培养基在37℃扩增至OD_(590)为0.5左右,加IPTG(终浓度为1mmol/L)诱导5小时,此时His6-γTNFβ的表达量可占菌体总蛋白的45%.重组产物绝大多数以IBs形式存在于菌体中.工程菌经反复超声破碎、高速离心,得IBs粗制品后,再经含2mol/L脲的缓冲液洗涤可得到相对纯净的IBs.然后用7mol/L脲变性溶解IBs,离心取上清,进行Ni~(2 )-Sepharose 6B柱一步法亲和层析,可得到电泳纯度为95%的His6-γTNFβ,经稀释复性和用凝血酶切去His6-tag的产物,其细胞毒活性为(1.2～2.0)×10~7U/mgp,抗病毒活性为(6.0～6.6)×10~6U/map.     

低氧刺激鼻息肉黏膜上皮细胞炎性因子变化的初探

目的:研究低氧刺激慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉（CRSwNP）与正常鼻黏膜上皮细胞炎性因子的变化与异同,探讨其在CRSwNP发病机制中的作用。方法:选择2015年6月至2018年1月在吉林大学中日联谊医院就诊的68例CRSwNP患者,其中男性36例,女性32例,年龄（45.2±12.5）岁（ xˉ±s,下同）,患者的...     

大黄联合肠内营养对胃癌围手术期外周血TNF-α水平的影响

目的:观察胃癌患者围手术期使用中药大黄和肠内营养对TNF-α水平的影响。方法:将56名胃癌围手术期患者随机分为对照组(A组)20例;肠内营养组(B组)21例;大黄加肠内营养组(C组)15例。A组术后常规补液的同时实施肠外营养支持;B组术后常规补液的同时术后42h始给予肠内营养能全力,一直持续到术后第8天;C组病人术前1天应用大黄10g,术后18、42h分2次各5g。B组和C组术后数日内每天的液体量、热量及氮量不足部分均由肠外途径予以补足。所有研究对象分别于手术前1天、手术后第1、3、7天检测外周血肿瘤坏死因子(Tumor Necrosis Factorα,TNF-α)浓度。结果:各组患者术后均有急性炎性反应的发生,但C组术后第3、7天的TNF-α水平较A有显著下降,术后排气、排便时间和肠鸣音的恢复显著提前。术后的营养指标B组、C组患者间无明显差异。结论:胃癌患者围手术期应用大黄可以有效降低外周血TNF-α水平,缓解手术创伤引起的急性炎性反应,促进术后胃肠道功能恢复,有利于实施术后肠内营养支持。     

连翘化学成分研究

目的 研究连翘Forsythia suspense果实的化学成分.方法 采用硅胶色谱技术及重结晶等方法进行分离纯化,通过现代波谱技术鉴定化合物的结构.结果 从连翘80％乙醇提取后水沉部位分离得到1 1个化合物,分别鉴定为乙酰齐墩果酸(1)、异降香萜烯醇乙酸酯(2)、β-香树脂醇乙酸酯(3)、长管大青素A(4)、甲基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(5)、商陆种酸(6)、积雪草酸(7)、连翘苷(8)、齐墩果酸(9)、β-谷甾醇(10)、β-胡萝卜苷(11).结论 化合物1、4～7均是首次从该属植物中分离得到.     

Antiproliferative activity and standardization of Tecomella undulata bark extract on K562 cells

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The bark of Tecomella undulata is primarily used in the treatment of syphilis, painful swellings and cancer by traditional healers. Also, it is claimed to be useful in treating urinary discharges, enlargement of spleen, leucorrhoea, leukoderma, tumors, liver disorders, gonorrhea, gout and promotes wound healing in Indian traditional system of medicine.

Aim

To establish a scientific validation for the antitumor effects of Tecomella undulata bark and explore the mechanistic pathway in chronic myeloid leukemia cell line, K562. The study was further extended to standardize the extract using quercetin as biomarker.

Methods

Induction of apoptosis by chloroform extract of Tecomella undulata bark (CTUB) was determined by MTT, Annexin V and caspase activation assays. The cell cycle analysis was done by flow cytometer and nuclear staining by DAPI. The standardization of the extract was performed through reverse phase-HPLC method under PDA detection.

Result

Results clearly showed the induction of apoptosis by CTUB in K562 cells. The effect was found to be dose dependent, having IC₅₀ of 30 μg/ml with activation of FAS, FADD, caspase 8, caspase 3/7 and fragmentation of DNA. The bioactive CTUB was determined to possess 0.03% (w/w) of quercetin.

Conclusion

The investigation clearly demonstrated the potential antitumor effect of CTUB, thereby validating the traditional claim. Quercetin, known to have anticancer activity is being reported and quantified for the first time from the bark of Tecomella undulata.     

苦参碱和川芎嗪抑制白血病细胞侵袭转移作用的实验研究

目的探讨苦参碱及川芎嗪对低氧(3%O2)培养条件下人B淋巴细胞白血病细胞株Raji细胞、人慢性髓系白血病细胞株K562细胞侵袭转移的抑制作用及机制。方法体外常规培养细胞,低氧环境下继续培养24 h后,分别加入终浓度为0、0.15、0.2、0.25 g/L苦参碱或0、0.1、0.15、0.2 g/L川芎嗪处理,以常氧培养不加药物的细胞为对照组,分别检测细胞黏附、迁移和侵袭能力,并以RT-PCR方法检测HIF-1α、VEGF mRNA的表达。结果低氧环境下Raji细胞和K562细胞的黏附、迁移和侵袭能力,以及HIF-1α、VEGF mRNA的表达均较常氧对照组显著增强(P<0.01)。0.15、0.2、0.25 g/L苦参碱均有效抑制低氧环境下Raji细胞的黏附、迁移和侵袭能力,并下调HIF-1α、VEGF mRNA的表达(P<0.05)。0.2、0.25 g/L苦参碱均有效抑制低氧环境下K562细胞的黏附、迁移和侵袭能力并下调HIF-1α、VEGF mRNA的表达(P<0.05)。0.1、0.15、0.2 g/L川芎嗪均有效抑制Raji细胞、K562细胞的黏附、迁移和侵袭能力,并下调HIF-1α、VEGF mRNA的表达(P<0.05),均呈剂量依赖性。结论苦参碱和川芎嗪能有效抑制低氧环境下Raji细胞和K562细胞黏附、迁移和侵袭能力,其作用机制可能通过下调细胞内HIF-1αmRNA的表达,从而减少VEGF mRNA的生成来实现。     

1例中间型β-地中海贫血的临床诊断和基因检测

目的通过回顾性分析1例中间型β-地中海贫血（地贫）的诊断及基因检测流程,总结中间型地贫的诊断策略。方法分析1例β-地贫合并α-地贫基因型患儿的临床表现,通过地贫基因多重PCR检测及DNA序列测定明确诊断,结合相关文献复习,探讨影响β-地贫表现型的基因因素。结果该地贫患儿基因型为B珠蛋白基因41／42突变的杂合予合并仅仅仅anti3.7基因杂合子。结论中间型地贫的诊断,需要临床表现与基因病变相一致,多重PCR结合DNA序列测定等方法可确诊罕见型基因突变。     

Astrocytes in the damaged brain: Molecular and cellular insights into their reactive response and healing potential

Long considered merely a trophic and mechanical support to neurons, astrocytes have progressively taken the center stage as their ability to react to acute and chronic neurodegenerative situations became increasingly clear. Reactive astrogliosis starts when trigger molecules produced at the injury site drive astrocytes to leave their quiescent state and become activated. Distinctive morphological and biochemical features characterize this process (cell hypertrophy, upregulation of intermediate filaments, and increased cell proliferation). Moreover, reactive astrocytes migrate towards the injured area to constitute the glial scar, and release factors mediating the tissue inflammatory response and remodeling after lesion. A novel view of astrogliosis derives from the finding that subsets of reactive astrocytes can recapitulate stem cell/progenitor features after damage, fostering the concept of astroglia as a promising target for reparative therapies. But which biochemical/signaling pathways modulate astrogliosis with respect to both the time after injury and the type of damage? Are reactive astrocytes overall beneficial or detrimental for neuroprotection and tissue regeneration? This debate has been animating this research field for several years now, and an integrated view on the results obtained and the possible future perspectives is needed. With this Commentary article we have attempted to answer the above-mentioned questions by reviewing the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms controlling and sustaining the reaction of astroglia to injury and its stem cell-like properties. Moreover, the cellular/molecular mechanisms supporting the detrimental or beneficial features of astrogliosis have been scrutinized to gain insights on possible pharmacological approaches to enhance astrocyte neuroprotective activities.     

鼻咽癌组织中Survivin蛋白和HIF-1α表达水平及临床意义

目的 探讨鼻咽癌组织中Survivin蛋白和缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1 α)表达水平及临床意义.方法 选取2010年12月-2015年12月经病理切片确诊为鼻咽癌的患者72例;同时选取24例慢性鼻咽炎组织标本进行对照.应用免疫组织化学检测Survivin蛋白和HIF-1α的表达情况,并分析其表达水平的临床意义.结果 鼻咽癌组织中Survivin蛋白和HIF-1α阳性表达率均高于慢性鼻咽炎组织(P＜ 0.001).Ⅲ+Ⅳ期鼻咽癌组织Survivin蛋白和HIF-1α的阳性表达率、中等及以上阳性表达率均高于Ⅰ+Ⅱ期鼻咽癌组织(P ＜0.001);有淋巴结转移的患者Survivin蛋白和HIF-1α的阳性表达率均高于无淋巴结转移的患者(P＜0.05和P＜0.001).结论 Survivin和HIF-1α表达在鼻咽癌组织中具有较高的表达,两者在鼻咽癌的分期,进展过程中起到了重要的作用.