CpG ODN对ZP~(121-140)表位合成肽诱导的免疫应答和免疫避孕效应影响

目的:探讨CpG ODN对透明带(四)抗原表位ZP~(121-140)合成肽诱导的免疫应答和免疫避孕效应影响.方法:应用人工合成ZP2~(121-140)表位肽,与20μg CpG ODN或等量完全弗氏佐剂(CFA)混悬后左胫前肌免疫雌性BALB/c小鼠,初次免疫后2、4、6周各加强免疫一次,共免疫四次.在每次加强免疫前和末次免疫后两周断尾取血,分离血清,分析特异性lgG抗体及非特异性细胞因子IFN-γ、TNF-Ⅱ,IL-10水平;收集小鼠阴道冲洗液,离心取上清,分析特异性IgA抗体水平.免疫小鼠生育实验结束后,取卵巢组织行病理学分析.结果:CpG ODN组诱导的特异性IgG和IgA水平较CFA组有增高趋势,但无显著性差异(P＞O.05).CpG ODN组诱导的非特异性IFN-γ和TNF-水平明显高于CFA组(P＜0.05);而CpG ODN组诱导的IL-10水平显著低于CFA 组(P＜0.05).两种佐剂对小鼠的受孕率影响没有显著性差异,但CpG ODN组孕鼠每胎产仔数明显低于CFA组(P＜O.05).病理学分析显示实验小鼠卵巢组织无病理性变化.结论:CpG ODN对Zp~(121-140)合成肽诱导的免疫应答和免疫避孕效应略优于CFA,更适合用于避孕疫苗佐剂研究.     

直肠癌静态调强与容积旋转调强放疗计划的剂量学对比研究

目的 对比研究直肠癌术后患者应用静态调强放疗(IMRT)和容积旋转调强放疗(VMAT)的计划质量、治疗效率和剂量精度,为临床治疗技术的选择提供参考依据.方法 选择10例直肠癌术后调强放疗患者,行CT模拟定位并勾画靶区及危及器官,在同一计划系统上给予相同处方剂量和目标优化条件,分别设计5野IMRT计划和双弧VMAT计划.比较两种计划的靶区(PTV/CTV)受量、适形指数(CI)、均匀指数(HI)、危及器官(OAR)的受量、机器跳数、治疗计划执行时间,以及剂量验证通过率.结果 两种治疗计划均能满足临床剂量要求,VMAT计划的靶区剂量覆盖率略低于IMRT计划.VMAT和IMRT计划的HI分别为0.095和0.101,差异无统计学意义(t=2.61, P>0.05);而IMRT计划的CI(0.737)优于VMAT计划(0.614)(t=4.94, P<0.05),考虑为VMAT计划优化过程中对周围正常组织低剂量区受量限制过于严格,从而造成计划的适形度受到影响.VMAT计划中正常组织如膀胱、股骨头的低剂量区较之IMRT计划均有不同程度增加.VMAT和IMRT计划的平均机器跳数(MUs)分别为599和515(t=4.72, P<0.05),相应的治疗时间分别为201和304 s(t=5.83, P<0.05).使用Delta⁴对两种计划进行验证,γ通过率(选用3%/3 mm标准)分别为VMAT 93.13%和IMRT 96.00%(t=3.75, P<0.05).结论 直肠癌VMAT和IMRT 计划均可满足临床要求,VMAT计划可以显著降低治疗时间,提高治疗效率,但其疗效还需进一步临床评估.     

高效液相色谱法监测苯妥英血药浓度回顾性分析

目的：对苯妥英血药浓度进行分析。方法：对１９８９年１１月至１９９６年１１月间应用高效液相色谱法监测苯妥英血药浓度的数据进行统计。结果：在监测的１５８８８份样本中，血药浓度低于１０μｇ·ｍｌ－１占８０．８９％，高于２０μｇ·ｍｌ－１的占４．７７％，在有效血药浓度１０～２０μｇ·ｍｌ－１范围内仅占１４．３４％。结论：监测苯妥英血药浓度具有临床意义。     

气相色谱法测定寒痹软膏中樟脑、冰片和薄荷脑的含量

目的：建立测定寒痹软膏中樟脑、冰片、薄荷脑含量的方法。方法采用气相色谱法,毛细管柱为 ZB-Wax（30m ＆#215;0.25mm×0.5μm）,萘为内标物,程序升温,FID检测器。结果樟脑、冰片、薄荷脑分别在0.3209～0.6417mg·mL -1、0.2414～0.4828mg·mL -1、0.2392～0.4784mg · mL -1范围内呈良好线性关系。平均回收率分别为：樟脑102.54％,RSD 为1.02％;冰片98.81％,RSD 为1.05％;薄荷脑102.13％,RSD 为1.53％。结论本方法简便、快速、准确、重复性好,可同时测定寒痹软膏中樟脑、冰片和薄荷脑的含量。     

HPLC法测定蚕桑资源中1-脱氧野尻霉素的含量

目的:建立蚕桑资源桑白皮、蚕砂、桑叶中1-脱氧野尻霉素的定量分析方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱-紫外检测器,色谱柱为Hypersil C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.1%冰醋酸水溶液(50∶50),流速为1.0mL·min-1,检测波长为265nm,柱温为35℃。结果:1-脱氧野尻霉素的检测浓度在5.0×10-4～1.0×10-3mg·mL-1范围内与峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系(r=0.9999);平均回收率为97.7%(RSD=2.0%,n=6)。结论:本法简便可行、结果准确、重复性好,可用于蚕桑资源的质量控制。     

Quantification of 4′-geranyloxyferulic acid,a new natural colon cancer chemopreventive agent,by HPLC-DAD in grapefruit skin extract

Oxyprenylated natural products (isopentenyloxy-, geranyloxy- and the less spread farnesyloxy-compounds and their biosynthetic derivatives) represent a family of secondary metabolites that have been consider for years merely as biosynthetic intermediates of the most abundant C-prenylated derivatives. Many of the isolated oxyprenylated natural products were shown to exert in vitro and in vivo remarkable anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. 4′-Geranyloxyferulic acid [3-(4′-geranyloxy-3′-methoxyphenyl)-2-trans-propenoic] has been discovered as a valuable chemopreventive agent of several types of cancer. After development of a high yield and “eco-friendly” synthetic scheme of this secondary metabolite, starting from cheap and non-toxic reagents and substrates, we developed a new HPLC-DAD method for its quantification in grapefruit skin extract. A preliminary study on C18 column showed the separation between GOFA and boropinic acid (having the same core but with an isopentenyloxy side chain), used as internal standard. The tested column were thermostated at 28 ± 1 °C and the separation was achieved in gradient condition at a flow rate of 1 mL/min with a starting mobile phase of H₂O:methanol (40:60, v/v, 1% formic acid). The limit of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) was 0.5 μg/mL and the limit of quantification (LOQ, S/N = 10) was 1 μg/mL. Matrix-matched standard curves showed linearity up to 75 μg/mL. In the analytical range the precision (RSD%) values were ≤2% and the accuracy (bias%) between ±12%. This method was used to evaluate for the first time the presence of this analyte in natural extract of grapefruit. In conclusion, this method showed LOQ values able to selective quantification of this analyte in grapefruit skin extract.     

不同厂家生产的盐酸吗啉胍片实时溶出度监测分析

目的 观察不同厂家生产的盐酸吗啉胍片的体外溶出过程,比较产品的内在质量.方法 使用光纤药物溶出度实时测定仪,采用国家药品标准 WS-10001-(HD-0650)-2002中盐酸吗啉胍片溶出度测定条件,对10个厂家(A～J厂)14个批次的盐酸吗啉胍片进行实时溶出度测定,并采用相似因子(f2)法对各厂家各批次药品的溶出度...     

Antigenic characterization of influenza viruses produced using synthetic DNA and novel backbones

The global system for manufacturing seasonal influenza vaccines has been developed to respond to the natural evolution of influenza viruses, but the problem of antigenic mismatch continues to be a challenge in certain years. In some years, mismatches arise naturally due to the antigenic drift of circulating viruses after vaccine strain selection has already been made. In other years, antigenic differences between the vaccine virus and circulating viruses are introduced as part of the current system, which relies on the use of egg-adapted isolates as a starting material for candidate vaccine viruses (CVVs). Improving the current process for making vaccine viruses can provide great value. We have previously established a synthetic approach for rapidly generating influenza viruses in a vaccine-approved Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line using novel, high-growth backbones that increase virus rescue efficiency and antigen yield. This technology also has the potential to produce viruses that maintain antigenic similarity to the intended reference viruses, depending on the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) sequences used for gene synthesis. To demonstrate this utility, we generated a panel of synthetic viruses using HA and NA sequences from recent isolates and showed by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests that all synthetic viruses were antigenically-like their conventional egg- or cell-propagated reference strains and there was no impact of the novel backbones on antigenicity. This synthetic approach can be used for the efficient production of CVVs that may be more representative of circulating viruses and may be used for both egg- and cell-based vaccine manufacturing platforms. When combined with mammalian cell culture technology for antigen production, synthetic viruses generated using HA and NA sequences from a non-egg-adapted prototype can help to reduce the potential impact of antigenic differences between vaccine virus and circulating viruses on vaccine effectiveness.