牛膝指纹图谱分析

目的:对不同产地牛膝药材、同一产地不同规格牛膝药材的HPLC指纹图谱进行研究,比较不同产地牛膝药材、同一产地不同规格牛膝药材的HPLC指纹图谱差异,探讨产地、规格对牛膝药材质量的影响及规格与牛膝药材内部质量的联系;为牛膝药材的产地鉴别提供理论依据;为牛膝药材质量标准制定、规格完善及临床用药提供参考。方法:采用超声提取法制备样品,通过HPLC法采集不同产地牛膝药材、同一产地不同规格牛膝药材的指纹图谱,运用相似度、聚类分析、主成分分析的方法进行分析,并比较不同产地牛膝药材、不同规格牛膝药材的HPLC指纹图谱差异。结果:不同产地分析,主成分分析能将5个产地牛膝药材区分开,且产地鉴别结果优于聚类分析和相似度分析。不同规格分析,相似度和主成分分析均不能将不同规格牛膝药材区分开。结论:不同产地牛膝药材化学成分种类、峰高差异显著;不同规格牛膝药材化学成分种类、峰高差异较小;主成分分析可用于牛膝药材的产地鉴别。     

玫瑰花口服液的红外指纹图谱及化学模式识别

目的:采用红外光谱和化学模式识别相结合建立了玫瑰花口服液质量评价的方法。方法:以11批玫瑰花口服液和4种伪品作红外光谱分析,对主要吸收峰进行指认,获得红外指纹图谱,并按不同特征吸收峰位下的透射比进行相似度计算,通过相似度分析对11批玫瑰花口服液及4种伪品的红外图谱一致性进行了考察,并把获得的指纹图谱采用系统聚类分析和主成分分析进行化学模式识别。结果:11批玫瑰花口服液红外指纹图谱一致性良好,玫瑰花口服液及伪品通过相似度分析和化学模式识别均能够很好地区分开来,相似度和聚类分析、主成分分析结果相一致,2种化学计量方法具有良好的相关性。结论:结果表明该方法是鉴别玫瑰花口服液真伪的有效方法。     

中国南海粗疣棘柳珊瑚中倍半萜成分研究

目的：对采自中国南海的粗疣棘柳珊瑚(Acanthogorgia vagae)的化学成分进行研究，从中寻找有生物活性的次生代谢产物。方法：用硅胶柱层析对粗疣棘柳珊瑚的乙醚提取物进行分离纯化；根据其化学性质，结合现代波谱技术(MS，NMR等)，对得到的化合物进行结构鉴定。结果：分离得到4个呋喃倍半萜化合物，其结构分别鉴定为1indenene(1)，1indestrene(2)，bebryazulene(3)及franodiene(4)。结论：本文系首次对该珊瑚化学成分进行研究；4个倍半萜成分亦均为首次从该生物中分离得到。其中，1indenene(1)的碳谱数据为首次报道，并首次对化合物1indenene(1)及franodiene(4)氢谱数据进行了全归属。另外，对文献报道的bebryazulene(3)及franodiene(4)的碳谱数据进行了童新归属.     

山药多糖的提取分离和结构测定

目的：提取分离并测定山药多糖的结构。方法：依次用水提取，乙醇和十六烷基三甲基溴胺盐沉淀法得到粗多糖；用萄聚糖凝胶柱层析和高效液相层析纯化多糖并测定分子量；甲基化分析和薄层层析分析多糖酸水解产物，结合IR和^13CNMR确定单糖组成、连接方式和端基碳构型。结果：从山药中得到两个均-多糖S1和S2。结论：S1和S2的分子量分别为63000和7400Dal，它们均为[α-D—Glc(1→4)-]n型萄聚糖。     

心速宁胶囊的HPLC指纹图谱分析

目的:建立心速宁胶囊的HPLC指纹图谱,为该制剂的质量控制提供参考。方法:采用HPLC,以Welch Xtimate C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)分析,流动相乙腈-0.2%甲酸水溶液(含0.2%氨水)梯度洗脱,流速1.0 m L·min~(-1),检测波长254 nm,建立心速宁胶囊HPLC指纹图谱,运用"中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统"(2004 A版)软件对10批市售制剂进行相似度评价,通过对照品保留时间比较指认指纹图谱的主要特征峰,通过心速宁胶囊组方单味药和复方的HPLC比较,初步分析复方中化学成分的来源和归属。结果:建立的心速宁胶囊HPLC指纹图谱专属性、精密度、重复性和稳定性均良好;共标定了29个共有色谱峰,指认了其中的12个色谱峰;10批市售制剂的指纹图谱与对照指纹图谱的相似度在0.980~0.998。在该色谱条件下,以黄连、枳实对全方的贡献率最大,二者贡献率均为0.21,半夏和莲子心的贡献率最小,贡献率分别为0.02和0.04。结论:建立的心速宁胶囊HPLC指纹图谱能全面反映其多成分的整体特征,建立的检测方法简便可行,适用于该制剂的质量评价。     

A组轮状病毒广州地方株VP7基因序列的比较分析

目的 了解我国轮状病毒G1型广州地方株与标准株及北京G1型地方株VP7基因序列的差异，为我国轮状病毒疫苗的研制提供资料。方法 通过逆转录—聚合酶链反应(RT—PCR)获得了轮状病毒广州地方株R97—196 VP7全基因的cDNA片段，将其克隆入T—A克隆质粒pUCm—T中，构建成重组质粒pUCmT—VP7，对克隆的VP7基因进行序列测定。结果 该地方株的基因核苷酸全长为1062nt，读码框架和以往的研究一致，和北京G1型地方株173的VP7氨基酸序列具有高度同源性(98％)，而与不同血清型标准株间则变异较大(73％—81％)，氨基酸序列中存在的一些高变区和保守功能区与已报道的研究结果一致。从进化角度分析，与轮状病毒标准株Wa株，相距较远。结论 轮状病毒广州地方株R97—196 VP7基因片段属G1型，轮状病毒VP7基因的变异与地域有一定关系。     

Synaptic plasticity in the substantia gelatinosa in a model of chronic neuropathic pain

Chronic neuropathic pain (CNP) is common after peripheral nerve injuries (PNI), but is rather refractory to available anti-pain medication. Advances in neuropathic pain research have identified cellular and molecular cues triggering the onset of neuropathic pain, but the mechanisms responsible for maintenance of chronic pain states are largely unknown. Structural changes such as sprouting of injured A-fibres into the substantia gelatinosa of the dorsal horn in the spinal cord have been proposed to relate to neuropathic pain in partial PNI models. Structural changes in central pain networks may also underlie the more persistent CNP following complete sectioning of a peripheral nerve, because this type of injury results in continuous and spontaneous afferent input to the spinal cord, which can trigger central sensitization. In the present study, the left sciatic nerve was completely sectioned and a 1-cm segment was removed to maintain a chronic pathology, whereas the right sciatic nerve was left intact. Mechanical allodynia was measured up to 84 days after injury, after which synaptic changes were studied in the lumbar substantia gelatinosa. The numbers of larger sized synaptophysin-immunoreactive presynaptic boutons were found to be increased in the substantia gelatinosa ipsilateral to the nerve injury. From these data we conclude that structural synaptic changes within the substantia gelatinosa are present months after complete nerve injury and that this plasticity may be involved in maintaining neuropathic pain states.     

基于EEG模糊相似性的癫痫发作预测

本研究提出基于EEG序列模糊相似性指数方法预测癫痫发作.首先,结合复自相关法和Cao法对EEG序列进行了相空间重构;然后,计算相关积分时用Gaussian函数代替Heavyside函数,克服了Heavyside函数的刚性边界问题,使得计算相似性指数更加准确和可靠;最后,分析大鼠癫痫EEG信号,检测癫痫发作前期状态.分析结果表明模糊相似性指数方法能够比动态相似性指数方法获得更长的预测时间和更低的错误预测率.     

Flat elevated lesions of the colon and rectum: a spectrum of neoplastic and nonneoplastic entities

The aim of this prospective study is to establish the frequency and the type (neoplastic and nonneoplastic) lesions defined endoscopically as flat elevated lesion (FEL) in the colon and rectum, as well as to compare flat adenomas (FAs) to polypoid lesions of the same size with morphometric and immunohistochemical analysis. One hundred nineteen patients were studied through fibrocolonoscopy with chromoscopy (indigo carmine spray). All detected lesions (total of 195) were removed, and FELs measuring 10 mm or smaller were also selected. Using histopathologic criteria, they were divided in neoplastic (adenomas and carcinomas) and nonneoplastic ones. In neoplastic lesions, the following parameters were evaluated to compare FAs with polypoid lesions: morphometric studies with Index of Structural Atypia (ISA) and Stratification Index (SI), evaluation of cellular proliferation with label index of Ki-67, and expression of p53 protein. Of 195 lesions resected, only 33 (17%) met the endoscopic requirements for FELs. Twelve (36.4%) were neoplastic and 21 (63.6%) considered nonneoplastic. Among the FAs, there were a percentage of high-grade (severe dysplasia) significantly more frequent than observed in polypoid lesions (16.7% vs 2.6%). In addition, the SI, Ki-67 label index and p53 positivity were significantly higher in FAs. The ISA also reached significant differences between both groups of adenomas. Non-neoplastic FELs included different entities such as hyperplasic polyps, focuses of colitis, normal mucosa, and scars. The endoscopic elements analyzed were shared between nonneoplastic FELs and FAs. A central depression, when air was properly insufflated, considered typical in neoplastic lesions, was frequently observed in nonneoplastic lesions. Following the endoscopic criteria of FELs, nonneoplastic lesions predominated over the adenomatous lesions, demonstrating that FELs and FAs are not homologous terms. The frequency of high-grade dysplasia was significantly more elevated in the adenomatous FELs than in polypoid adenomas. The ISA, SI, p53 expression, and Ki-67 label index were helpful in differentiating adenomatous FELs from polypoid lesions. Flat elevated lesions selected by endoscopic criteria are, in fact, a heterogeneous population of lesions.