The effect of isometric quadriceps strength training in mid-range for osteoarthritis of the knee

This case report describes the effect of strengthening the quadriceps of an effused osteoarthritic knee joint of a 53-year-old man isometrically in mid-range. The instruments included an isokinetic dynamometer, a knee scoring inventory, and a visual analog scale. The outcomemeasures of isometric quadriceps torque and work, clinical status, and pain were recorded before andafter the exercise intervention. The exercises were carried out three times per week for a 6-week period with the subject seated on an exercise chair. Following training, quadriceps torque increased, clinical status improved, and pain with walking decreased. Subject to further investigation, isometric training of the quadriceps in mid-range could prove useful for improving the function of persons with painful or effused knees who might otherwise experience muscle inhibition by exercising in the more traditional inner ranges of knee extension.     

添加不同类型、比例的显影剂后骨水泥性能的变化

目的探讨添加不同类型、比例的显影剂后骨水泥(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,PMMA)聚合过程的变化,X线密度和抗压强度等生物力学的差异。方法用非离子碘造影剂和纯硫酸钡粉作显影剂分别加入PMMA,按粉∶液∶钡粉比例分别为15∶10∶3,15∶10∶1.5和粉∶液∶非离子碘造影剂分别为15∶10∶5,15∶10∶3组成4个实验组,用粉∶液比例为15∶10为对照组,每组8份,在体外测试其聚合过程;并制成相同大小的PMMA圆柱体40节,每组8份。结果添加硫酸钡粉后PMMA的聚合时间延长60～120s,15∶10∶3组平均延长约120s,添加非离子碘造影剂的2组则聚合过程无明显影响。添加硫酸钡粉或非离子碘造影剂后PMMA的最高聚合温度均有显著性差异;与对照组相比,4个实验组的X线密度有显著性差异,以15∶10∶3添加纯钡粉的PMMA组显影最强;加入非离子碘造影剂后PMMA最大抗压强度降低25%～31%(P<0.05),而加入纯钡粉的PMMA的最大抗压强度无显著变化。结论PMMA中加入一定比例的纯硫酸钡粉可延长聚合时间,而加入一定比例的非离子碘造影剂对聚合时间无明显影响;添加这两种显影剂后均可提高PMMA的X线显影能力,而以15∶10∶3添加纯钡粉的PMMA组显影最强;加入一定比例纯钡粉对PMMA的最大抗压强度无显著影响。     

70 μM caffeine treatment enhances in vitro force and power output during cyclic activities in mouse extensor digitorum longus muscle

Caffeine ingestion by human athletes has been found to improve endurance performance primarily acting via the central nervous system as an adenosine receptor antagonist. However, a few studies have implied that the resultant micromolar levels of caffeine in blood plasma (70 M maximum for humans) may directly affect skeletal muscle causing enhanced force production. In the present study, the effects of 70 M caffeine on force and power output in isolated mouse extensor digitorum longus muscle were investigated in vitro at 35°C. Muscle preparations were subjected to cyclical sinusoidal length changes with electrical stimulation conditions optimised to produce maximal work. 70 M caffeine caused a small but significant increase (2–3%) in peak force and net work produced during work loops (where net work represents the work input required to lengthen the muscle subtracted from the work produced during shortening). However, these micromolar caffeine levels did not affect the overall pattern of fatigue or the pattern of recovery from fatigue. Our results suggest that the plasma concentrations found when caffeine is used to enhance athletic performance in human athletes might directly enhance force and power during brief but not prolonged activities. These findings potentially confirm previous in vivo studies, using humans, which implied caffeine ingestion may cause acute improvements in muscle force and power output but would not enhance endurance.     

盆底肌肉生物反馈康复锻炼方案在不同类型压力性尿失禁患者中的应用价值

[目的] 探讨盆底肌肉生物反馈康复锻炼方案在不同类型压力性尿失禁(Stress urinary incontinence,SUI)患者中的应用价值.[方法] 选择2013年1月至2016年1月在本院收治的SUI患者146例,按照不同类型分为围绝经期SUI(围绝经期组)和产后SUI(产后组),每组73例,均采用盆底肌肉生物反馈康复锻炼治疗8周,比较两组治疗前后盆底肌力、1 h尿垫实验结果、总体疗效、国际尿失禁咨询委员会尿失禁问卷表简表(ICI-Q-SF)评分、盆底障碍影响简易问卷7(PFIQ-7)评分及依从性.[结果] 治疗后两组患者的盆底肌力、1 h尿垫实验结果、总体疗效、ICI-Q-SF评分、PFIQ-7评分与治疗前比较均有显著改善,且产后组患者改善的幅度较大;两组患者在合理用药、定期复查、合理饮食等五项医生要求的项目上依从性情况较好,但产后组患者的依从性情况更好(P<0.05).[结论] 盆底肌肉生物反馈康复锻炼法有助于SUI盆底肌力的恢复,依从性较好,相对围绝经期SUI,产后SUI效果更好,值得在临床推广应用.     

11种运动对老年肌少症患者身体功能改善效果的网状Meta分析

目的 通过网状Meta分析评价11种运动训练对老年肌少症患者身体功能、肌肉力量和肌肉质量改善效果的影响。方法 检索Web of Science、Pub Med、Embase、Cochrane Library、CINAHL、中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据库和维普数据库中关于运动训练对老年肌少症患者身体功能、肌肉力量和肌肉质量改善效果的随机对照试验。检索时限为建库至2022年1月。采用Stata 15.0软件进行网状Meta分析。结果 纳入34项研究,共2 199例患者。网状Meta分析结果表明,与非运动对照组相比,阻力训练、小组综合训练、八段锦、全身振动训练、家庭综合训练可改善老年肌少症患者的身体功能（P<0.05）;阻力训练和壶铃训练可改善老年肌少症患者的握力（P<0.05）;阻力训练可改善老年肌少症患者的骨骼肌指数（P<0.05）。结论 在改善老年肌少症患者身体功能、肌肉力量和质量方面,阻力训练是目前最优的运动干预措施,其次为小组综合训练和全身振动训练,但仍需更多研究进一步论证。     

不同粘结系统对纤维桩粘结强度的对比分析

目的探讨三种复合树脂核材料与玻璃纤维桩的微拉伸粘接强度,为临床提供相关病例的治疗依据。方法将45颗健康离体上颌中切牙随机分为3组。根管预备后选用三种粘结剂（可乐丽菲露AP-X、Ceram-X、ParaCore双重固化复合树脂）分别粘结直径1.2mm玻璃纤维桩。将牙沿垂直牙根长轴方向片切成厚度为1mm的薄片。用万能力学实验机进行微推出测试,用体视显微镜观察断裂方式。对粘结强度及断裂类型进行统计学分析。结果 ParaCore与Ceram-X的微拉伸粘结强度显著高于AP-X（P〈0.05）,ParaCore和Ceram-X与纤维桩的微拉伸粘结强度没有显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论 ParaCore和Ceram-X与玻璃纤维桩是适于临床塑核使用的粘结材料,其粘结性能较好。     

采用SWOT法对高职医药营销专业就业形势的分析

据高职医药营销专业就业难的现状,采用SWOT分析法对该专业存在的优势、劣势、机会和威胁进行深入客观的分析.以便权衡利弊,帮助毕业生克服就业过程中的不足,协助学校审视自身存在的劣势,为高职医药营销专业就业形势改善提供参考.     

Relationships between motor unit size and recruitment threshold in older adults: implications for size principle

As a part of the aging process, motor unit reorganization occurs in which small motoneurons reinnervate predominantly fast-twitch muscle fibers that have lost their innervation. We examined the relationship between motor unit size and the threshold force for recruitment in two muscles to determine whether older individuals might develop an alternative pattern of motor unit activation. Young and older adults performed isometric contractions ranging from 0 to 50% of maximal voluntary contraction in both the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. Muscle fiber action potentials were recorded with an intramuscular needle electrode and motor unit size was computed using spike-triggered averaging of the global EMG signal (macro EMG), which was also obtained from the intramuscular needle electrode. As expected, older individuals exhibited larger motor units than young subjects in both the FDI and the TA. However, moderately strong correlations were obtained for the macro EMG amplitude versus recruitment threshold relationship in both the young and older adults within both muscles, suggesting that the size principle of motor unit recruitment seems to be preserved in older adults.     

The effects of kettlebell training on strength,power, and endurance

Abstract

Background:

Kettlebell training is becoming increasingly popular but there is limited evidence to compare kettlebell training’s effects on strength, power, and endurance compared to traditional resistance or plyometric training. The popularity of kettlebell training appears to be based on anecdotal reports rather than on scientific evidence supporting training effects.

Objective:

To systematically review the effects of kettlebell training on strength, power, and endurance. The systematic review will also examine any adverse events associated with kettlebell training.

Methods:

A systematic review of literature indexed in the following databases: Medline, CINAHL, SportsDiscus, ProQuest, PEDro, and PubMed, was conducted. The quality of the studies was graded using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale (PEDro).

Results:

Five studies satisfied the eligibility criteria and were included in this review. The populations studied age range was 18–72 years old. Methodological scores based on the PEDro scale ranged from 3 to 7 out of 10. Kettlebell training demonstrated improvements for a number of strength measures: time×group for bench press (P<0·05) and back extension (P<0·053), main effect for clean and jerk (P<0·05) and certain power measures such as improved explosive strength comparable to a jump squat control (19·8% increase). Improved postural control was demonstrated in one study (P?=?0·04). Kettlebell training did not have an effect on aerobic endurance as measured by VO₂ max. No adverse events were reported in any of these studies.

Conclusions:

Moderate evidence indicates that kettlebell training may be safe and effective for increasing certain functional strength and power measures and may show positive results with postural control in young, healthy populations. Kettlebell training has not been found to be efficacious in increasing aerobic endurance.