基因表达数据中误分类点的识别与处理

有监督的分析方法目前已被广泛应用于微阵列表达数据分析中 ,但训练集本身存在的个别样本的误分类情况大大影响了分类的质量。支持向量机 (SVMs)是近几年出现的一种新的通用学习算法 ,它独特的性能不仅非常适合于处理微阵列基因表达数据 ,而且还能对训练集中的误分类点做出准确的推测。介绍了如何利用 SVMs算法对 c DNA微阵列表达数据中的误分类点进行识别 ,并对如何处理误分类点给出了几点建议     

DXS10011: a hypervariable tetranucleotide STR polymorphism on the X chromosome

The locus DXS10011 is a polymorphic system with a tetranucleotide repeat sequence located on the human X chromosome. The distribution of allele frequencies was examined in 334 Japanese and 171 German individuals and a total of 36 alleles was detected in the two population groups. This STR polymorphism will be a useful marker for linkage analysis. Received: 8 March 1999 / Received in revised form: 14 July 1999     

临床试验数据采集与报告文件设计制作的技术规程

临床试验数据采集与报告文件的设计和制作对保证试验数据的质量与完整性至关重要。参照临床试验数据管理规范 (GCP)并结合具体实践经验制订本规程。设计规程包括与方案设计同步、文件格式、问题和提示、冗余数据、数据记录指南、标准化、版本管理与培训 ;印制规程包括审批、印制说明书以及厂商选择。     

临床试验的数据和安全监察

临床试验数据和安全监察的目的是保证受试者的安全 ,数据的有效性 ,以及当明显的受益或风险被证实时 ,或试验不可能成功获得结论时 ,适时中止试验。所有的临床试验都应制定数据和安全监察计划 ;必要时需要建立数据和安全监察委员会。数据和安全监察的方法和强度应该与临床试验的风险以及试验规模和复杂程度相当。监察范围涉及试验实施的质量 ,以及安全性和有效性的数据。监察类型包括对试验主要结局指标等监察项目进行连续地累积性评估和中期分析。     

正态分布定量指标统计分析报表的SAS宏程序

为规范临床试验数据管理，简化程序并减少数据统计分析过程中的错误来源，我们编制了一些特定的SAS宏程序，可以直接输出临床试验正态分布的定量指标统计分析报表。     

The clinical significance of thyroid hormone-responsive in thyroid carcinoma and its potential regulatory pathway

The study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of thyroid hormone-responsive (THRSP) and explore its relevant pathways in thyroid carcinoma (THCA).The gene expression data of THRSP were obtained and the prognostic significance of THRSP in THCA was analyzed through various bioinformatics databases. Then, the factors influencing THRSP mRNA expression were explored, and the function of THRSP in predicting the lymph node metastasis (LNM) stage was determined. We further performed the enrichment analysis and constructed a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network to examine potential regulatory pathways associated with THRSP.THRSP gene expression was significantly increased in THCA compared with the normal tissues. High THRSP mRNA expression had a favorable overall survival (OS) in THCA patients (P < .05). Additionally, the mRNA expression of THRSP was related to stage, histological subtype, and methylation among THCA patients (all P < .05). Besides, THRSP served as a potent predictor in discriminating the LNM stage of thyroid cancer patients. According to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) on THRSP-associated genes, THRSP was positively related to metabolic pathways.The upregulation of THRSP predicted a good OS in THCA patients. Furthermore, THRSP might inhibit THCA progression through positive regulation of metabolism-associated pathways.     

Cutaneous malignant melanoma incidence is strongly associated with European depigmented skin type regardless of ambient ultraviolet radiation levels: evidence from Worldwide population-based data

Current public health advice is that high ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is the primary cause of Malignant Melanoma of skin (CMM), however, despite the use of sun-blocking products incidence of melanoma is increasing. To investigate the UVR influence on CMM incidence worldwide WHO, United Nations, World Bank databases and literature provided 182 country-specific melanoma incidence estimates, daily UVR levels, skin colour (EEL), socioeconomic status (GDP PPP), magnitude of reduced natural selection (Ibs), ageing, urbanization, percentage of European descendants (Eu%), and depigmentation (blonde hair colour), for parametric and non-parametric correlations, multivariate regressions and analyses of variance. Worldwide, UVR levels showed negative correlation with melanoma incidence (“rho” = −0.515, p < 0.001), remaining significant and negative in parametric partial correlation (r = −0.513, p < 0.001) with other variables kept constant. After standardising melanoma incidence for Eu%, melanoma correlation with UVR disappeared completely (“rho” = 0.004, p = 0.967, n = 127). The results question classical views that UVR causes melanoma. No correlation between UVR level and melanoma incidence was present when Eu% (depigmented or light skin type) was kept statistically constant, even after adjusting for other known variables. Countries with lower UVR levels and more Eu% (depigmented or light skin people) have higher melanoma incidence. Critically, this means that individual genetic low skin pigmentation factors predict melanoma risk regardless of UVR exposure levels, and even at low-UVR levels.     

Make in India: Normative data for automated perimetry

Background:The normative data set in authomated perimetry is predominantly of non-Indian origin and hence may not be an accurate basis for visual field analysis in Indian population. This video describes an attempt to create a native normative dataset for automated perimetry, which can then be fed in our machines and be used as the normative database.Purpose:To formulate normative data and to increase domain knowledge of normative values for automated perimetry in Indian population of different age groups.Synopsis:Cross-sectional study conducted on patients receiving outpatient care in a span of 3 years, which included 6586 healthy normal patients (13172 eyes) with vision 6/6 unaided or after refractive correction. The patients were tested with 30-2 SITA FAST threshold algorithm on Humphrey Field Analyzer Model no: 745i. Normative data was calculated on basis of age group ranging from 19-75 years categorized to every decade. Normal values were formulated on basis of perimetry performed on normal patients.Highlights:Our work on creating a native normative dataset may add value as well as increase the accuracy of perimetry analysis in Indian eyes.Online Video Link: https://youtu.be/jqgC2Tn7HIg     

Exploring the Risk of Suicide in Real Time on Spanish Twitter: Observational Study

BackgroundSocial media is now a common context wherein people express their feelings in real time. These platforms are increasingly showing their potential to detect the mental health status of the population. Suicide prevention is a global health priority and efforts toward early detection are starting to develop, although there is a need for more robust research.ObjectiveWe aimed to explore the emotional content of Twitter posts in Spanish and their relationships with severity of the risk of suicide at the time of writing the tweet.MethodsTweets containing a specific lexicon relating to suicide were filtered through Twitter''s public application programming interface. Expert psychologists were trained to independently evaluate these tweets. Each tweet was evaluated by 3 experts. Tweets were filtered by experts according to their relevance to the risk of suicide. In the tweets, the experts evaluated: (1) the severity of the general risk of suicide and the risk of suicide at the time of writing the tweet (2) the emotional valence and intensity of 5 basic emotions; (3) relevant personality traits; and (4) other relevant risk variables such as helplessness, desire to escape, perceived social support, and intensity of suicidal ideation. Correlation and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsOf 2509 tweets, 8.61% (n=216) were considered to indicate suicidality by most experts. Severity of the risk of suicide at the time was correlated with sadness (ρ=0.266; P<.001), joy (ρ=–0.234; P=.001), general risk (ρ=0.908; P<.001), and intensity of suicidal ideation (ρ=0.766; P<.001). The severity of risk at the time of the tweet was significantly higher in people who expressed feelings of defeat and rejection (P=.003), a desire to escape (P<.001), a lack of social support (P=.03), helplessness (P=.001), and daily recurrent thoughts (P=.007). In the multivariate analysis, the intensity of suicide ideation was a predictor for the severity of suicidal risk at the time (β=0.311; P=.001), as well as being a predictor for fear (β=–0.009; P=.01) and emotional valence (β=0.007; P=.009). The model explained 75% of the variance.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that it is possible to identify emotional content and other risk factors in suicidal tweets with a Spanish sample. Emotional analysis and, in particular, the detection of emotional variations may be key for real-time suicide prevention through social media.     

基于数据挖掘方法的椎动脉型颈椎病用药规律研究

目的:运用中医传承辅助平台分析椎动脉型颈椎病中药处方的用药规律。方法:通过中国知网、重庆维普、万方数据库中收集2010年1月—2014年12月治疗椎动脉型颈椎病的中药处方,采用关联规则算法、复杂系统熵聚类等无监督数据挖掘方法,分析处方中各种药物的使用频次、性味归经、药物之间的关联规则及核心药物组合。结果:对筛选出的118个中药处方进行分析,确定其常用药物频次,发现常用药物关联规则共57个,核心组合30个。结论:椎动脉型颈椎病常用的药物以活血化瘀药、温经通络药和祛风止眩药为主,四气分布以温、平、凉为主,五味分布以甘、辛、苦为主,主要归于肝、脾、心经,使用频次较高的药味为川芎、葛根、当归、天麻、丹参等。