Reliability of levator scapulae index in subjects with and without scapular downward rotation syndrome

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to introduce levator scapulae (LS) measurement using a caliper and the levator scapulae index (LSI) and to investigate intra- and interrater reliability of the LSI in subjects with and without scapular downward rotation syndrome (SDRS).DesignTwo raters measured LS length twice in 38 subjects (19 with SDRS and 19 without SDRS).Main outcome measuresFor reliability testing, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC) were calculated.ResultsIntrarater reliability analysis resulted with ICCs ranging from 0.94 to 0.98 in subjects with SDRS and 0.96 to 0.98 in subjects without SDRS. These results represented that intrarater reliability in both groups were excellent for measuring LS length with the LSI. Interrater reliability was good (ICC: 0.82) in subjects with SDRS; however, interrater reliability was moderate (ICC: 0.75) in subjects without SDRS. Additionally, SEM and MDC were 0.13% and 0.36% in subjects with SDRS and 0.35% and 0.97% in subjects without SDRS. In subjects with SDRS, low dispersion of the measurement errors and MDC were shown.ConclusionsThis study suggested that the LSI is a reliable method to measure LS length and is more reliable for subjects with SDRS.     

极低出生体质量儿早期规范补铁的临床观察

目的探讨早期规范补铁对极低出生体质量儿病情转归的影响,以避免发生不可逆的神经系统损伤。方法选择2014年6月-2015年12月在防城港市第一人民医院住院的极低出生体质量儿76例为研究对象,按数字表法随机分为试验组38例和对照组38例,对照组予常规治疗,按指南补铁;试验组也予常规治疗,同时按血清铁(SI)、血清铁蛋白(SF)和总铁结合力(TIBC)水平早期补铁。观察两组感染控制时间、新生儿神经行为评分(NBNA)恢复情况。结果试验组总有效率为84.21%高于对照组的65.79%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.047,P<0.05)。试验组感染控制时间、NBNA恢复时间、住院时间、住院费用[(6.71±2.47)d、(77.53±9.11)d、(23.63±8.86)d、(19 829.95±12 855.04)元]等均少于对照组[(10.47±3.68)d、(77.66±8.67)d、(31.03±15.35)d、(28 405.82±15 213.96)元],差异均有统计学意义(t=-5.728、-3.933、-2.615、-2.636,均P<0.05)。结论早期规范补铁对极低出生体质量儿病情转归有较好的促进作用,有助于神经系统的发育,缩短住院时间,降低住院费用。     

药品检验标准电子管理方式研究

目的：研究对药品检验用标准管理的新思路。方法：通过对现行的药品检验标准管理方式进行研究与分析,阐述其中存在的问题与难点,制订电子管理的思路与方法。结果：电子管理药品检验标准,可有效解决传统管理方式中遇到的问题,可大幅提高药品标准管理的效率。结论：通过建立标准管理信息系统,可及时提供药品检验所需标准,并保证其有效性,这些对药品检验工作均大有裨益。     

14种市售抗菌药对金黄色葡萄球菌标准菌株的体外抑菌作用

目的：通过测定我院使用的14种市售抗菌药对金黄色葡萄球菌标准菌株的体外抑菌浓度与美国临床和实验室标准协会（CLSI）标准比较,了解市售抗菌药抑菌作用的达标情况。方法：采用试管倍比稀释法测定药物的最低抑菌浓度。结果：有12种达标,2种超范围,其中克林霉素测定值为3.13μg/mL ,与 CLSI允许抑菌浓度范围（0.06～0.25μg/mL）比较存在较大差距;磺苄西林测定值为12.5μg/mL ,远高于同类抗菌药测定值。结论：此法可以作为市售抗菌药抑菌作用是否达标的监测方法。     

我院开展临床试验用药品集中管理的实践体会

目的:构建临床试验用药品集中管理模式,加强试验用药品的规范化管理。方法:分别从标准操作规程的内容及相关管理措施、工作体会等方面介绍我院建立的以机构专用药库为平台的临床试验用药品集中管理模式。结果与结论:我院建立了试验用药品的接收、保管、发放及回收的标准操作规程,并通过改进试验用药品信息化管理功能模块、药库配备温湿度监控系统、对试验用药品有效期实行色标管理等举措,实现了试验用药品机构内流转各环节的全程规范化管理及药物管理员、研究者、质控人员等的信息共享,保证了药物临床试验的质量。该模式具有药物管理员可随时掌控项目研究进展等优点,但不适用于所有的临床试验流程。     

双管喉罩麻醉在妇科全身麻醉中的应用效果

目的：探析双管喉罩麻醉在妇科全身麻醉中的应用效果与安全性。方法选择本院妇科收治的96例行腹腔镜妇科手术患者分为观察组和对照组,观察组采用双管喉罩,对照组采用标准型喉罩,比较两组的插入时间、首次插管成功率、患者肺通气满意度及不良反应发生率。结果观察组的插入时间明显长于对照组,首次插管成功率及患者肺通气满意度分别为91.67%和100.00%,明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。观察组的不良反应发生率为12.5%,明显低于对照组的39.6%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论双管喉罩麻醉应用于妇科全身麻醉具有较好的临床效果,能有效延长插入时间,提高首次插管成功率,还可减少不良反应,安全性高,值得推广应用。     

不同去骨瓣减压方法治疗重型脑外伤的效果比较

目的比较不同去骨瓣减压方法治疗重型脑外伤的效果。方法选择本科收治的58例重型脑外伤患者,将其随机分为观察组（标准去骨板减压术治疗）、对照组（常规去骨板减压术治疗）,每组各29例。比较两组患者术后1、3、7 d的颅内压变化情况;GOS评分及术后并发症发生率。结果与对照组比较,观察组术后1、3、7 d的颅内压以及GOS评分、脑梗死的发生率均明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论标准去骨板减压术可有效改善患者的术后颅内压,改善其预后,降低脑梗死的发生率,具有较好的临床推广价值。     

Economic evaluation of long-term albumin use in cirrhosis patients from the Mexican healthcare system perspective

Introduction and objectivesLiver cirrhosis is a major public health issue associated with high morbidity and mortality. The ANSWER trial showed that long-term human albumin (LTA) infusions led to significant reduction of complications and mortality in patients with uncomplicated ascites. The present study aimed to assess the incremental cost of cirrhosis patients treated with LTA plus standard medical treatment (SMT) versus those treated with SMT from the perspective of the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS).Material and methodsCost of illness for patients with cirrhosis and grade 2-3 ascites treated with SMT or with SMT and LTA (following the treatment regimen from ANSWER) over a one-year period was estimated according to the IMSS perspective. Rates of treatments, complications and hospitalizations were based on results from the ANSWER trial. Unit costs from IMSS were gathered from public sources and transformed to 2020 Mexican $ (Mex$).ResultsThe use of LTA is estimated to require additional annual expenditure derived from the pharmacological cost of human albumin and by the follow up visits required for LTA administration (Mex$28,128). However, this cost may potentially be counterbalanced by the reduction in paracentesis, cirrhosis-related complications and hospitalizations which would lead to cost savings of Mex$33,417 per patient/year.ConclusionsBased on the ANSWER trial results, our study suggests that LTA may result in improved clinical outcomes and reduced costs for the IMSS when administered to cirrhosis patients with uncomplicated ascites.     

Predictors of hospital transfer and associated risks of mortality in acute pancreatitis

BackgroundThere is limited research in prognosticators of hospital transfer in acute pancreatitis (AP). Hence, we sought to determine the predictors of hospital transfer from small/medium-sized hospitals and outcomes following transfer to large acute-care hospitals.MethodsUsing the 2010–2013 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), patients ≥18 years of age with a primary diagnosis of AP were identified. Hospital size was classified using standard NIS Definitions. Multivariable analyses were performed for predictors of “transfer-out” from small/medium-sized hospitals and mortality in large acute-care hospitals.ResultsAmong 381,818 patients admitted with AP to small/medium-sized hospitals, 13,947 (4%) were transferred out to another acute-care hospital. Multivariable analysis revealed that older patients (OR = 1.04; 95%CI 1.03–1.06), men (OR = 1.15; 95%CI 1.06–1.24), lower income quartiles (OR = 1.54; 95%CI 1.35–1.76), admission to a non-teaching hospital (OR = 3.38; 95%CI 3.00–3.80), gallstone pancreatitis (OR = 3.32; 95%CI 2.90–3.79), pancreatic surgery (OR = 3.14; 95%CI 1.76–5.58), and severe AP (OR = 3.07; 95%CI 2.78–3.38) were predictors of “transfer-out”. ERCP (OR = 0.53; 95%CI 0.43–0.66) and cholecystectomy (OR = 0.14; 95%CI 0.12–0.18) were associated with decreased odds of “transfer-out”.Among 507,619 patients admitted with AP to large hospitals, 31,058 (6.1%) were “transferred-in” from other hospitals. The mortality rate for patients “transferred-in” was higher than those directly admitted (2.54% vs. 0.91%, p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis revealed that being “transferred-in” from other hospitals was an independent predictor of mortality (OR = 1.47; 95% CI 1.22–1.77).ConclusionsPatients with AP transferred into large acute-care hospitals had a higher mortality than those directly admitted likely secondary to more severe disease. Early implementation of published clinical guidelines, triage, and prompt transfer of high-risk patients may potentially offset these negative outcomes.     

Long-term safety of subcutaneous immunotherapy with TO-204 in Japanese patients with house dust mite-induced allergic rhinitis and allergic bronchial asthma: Multicenter,open label clinical trial

Background

To evaluate the long-term safety of subcutaneous immunotherapy with TO-204, a standardized house dust mite (HDM) allergen extracts, we conducted a multicenter, open label clinical trial.