军事航空医学查新咨询服务的创新实践与成效

基于查新咨询服务,介绍了培育军事航空医学情报研究品牌、开展查新专题定题跟踪服务、建立航空医学信息专题推送平台、整合航空医学资源建设、开展航空医学专业情报方法学研究等实践经验,并通过对查新咨询研究规律的探索,总结了军事航空医学查新咨询服务的成效。     

内结扎法腹腔镜巨脾切除联合选择性贲门周围血管离断术

目的总结腹腔镜下内结扎法巨脾切除联合选择性贲门周围血管离断术的经验。方法采用丝线结扎结合超声刀或LigaSure，进行腹腔镜巨脾切除和选择性贲门周围血管离断术治疗门静脉高压症并发食管胃底静脉曲张6例。结果6例手术全部镜下顺利完成，术中出血量80-200ml，平均130ml，无输血，无中转开腹，手术时间150-210min平均190min。无并发症，术后5天恢复正常活动。术后随访3—10个月，平均8个月，无再发出血。结论应用内结扎法腹腔镜巨脾切除联合选择性贲门周围血管离断术治疗门静脉高压症安全有效，出血少，微创。     

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目的分析选择性乳腺导管造影对有乳头溢液而临床扪不到包块的乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析1980年1月至2003年12月收治74例扪不到包块的乳腺癌经选择性乳腺导管造影诊断结果。结果选择性乳腺导管造影明确诊断68例,占91%。造影主要发现为大导管及分支导管管壁不规则浸润、僵硬、狭窄及截断征象和导管束状结构因癌侵犯、收缩或压迫等引起的改变。误诊病例与造影失败和诊断经验不足有关。结论选择性乳腺导管造影对有乳头溢液的早期乳腺癌诊断具有重要价值。     

Yashiro导管短襻技术在同侧股-髂内动脉分支插管中的应用

目的探讨Yashiro导管短襻技术在同侧股-髂内动脉分支插管中的应用价值。方法回顾DSA机下经股动脉穿刺插管血管介入诊疗盆腔疾患共42例,应用Yashiro导管短襻技术行同侧股-髂内动脉分支（目的血管）插管23例为A组,应用Cobera导管长襻技术行同侧股-髂内动脉分支（目的血管）插管19例为B组;比较两组导管操作方法、步骤、耗时、风险。结果应用Yashiro导管短襻技术行同侧股-髂内动脉分支（目的血管）插管操作简便、用时短、风险小。结论Yashiro导管短襻技术在同侧股-髂内动脉分支插管中的应用对改进盆腔疾患血管介入诊疗插管操作有重要意义。     

子宫肌瘤选择性子宫动脉栓塞临床护理体会

目的探讨子宫肌瘤选择性子宫动脉栓塞临床护理体会。方法本次研究选择我院2010年2月-2011年2月收治的子宫肌瘤患者80例,采用选择性子宫动脉栓塞治疗,随机分为两组,对照组40例行常规护理,观察组40例行围术期整体护理干预,就两组临床结果进行回顾性分析。结果平均行1年的随访,观察组40例中,贫血症状改善32例,月经量减少或恢复正常23例,肌瘤瘤体明显缩小37例,转手术治疗1例。对照组40例中,贫血症状改善22例,月经量减少20例,肌瘤瘤体明显缩小28例,转手术治疗6例,观察组临床情况明显优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论子宫肌瘤采用选择性子宫动脉栓塞治疗过程中,在围术期开展综合护理干预。可明显改善治疗效果。     

高龄腰椎管狭窄症患者的手术方式选择及疗效

目的 :探讨高龄腰椎管狭窄症患者的手术方式选择及其疗效。方法 :回顾分析2012年3月~2015年3月在我院行手术治疗并获得至少1年随访的39例80岁以上腰椎管狭窄症患者的临床资料,男21例,女18例;年龄80~90岁(82.4±3.1岁)。术前13例伴有一种合并症,12例伴有两种或两种以上合并症。按相关科室会诊意见处理合并疾病,应用美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)体格状态分级评估患者可耐受全麻下手术。12例根性疼痛和间歇性跛行症状为主、无明显腰椎不稳者,采用椎板开窗减压术(单纯减压组);27例明确存在腰椎不稳/腰椎滑脱或术中需要手术切除小关节突、椎板范围较大发生继发性不稳者采用经椎间孔入路椎间融合内固定术(TLIF)(融合内固定组)。采用日本骨科协会(JOA)评分和疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS评分)评估手术的临床疗效。结果:39例患者均完成手术。12例患者发生围手术期并发症,单纯减压组3例(肺炎1例,尿路感染1例,肺炎合并术后贫血1例),融合内固定组9例(肺炎3例,硬膜撕裂、尿潴留、心律失常、术后贫血、术后认知功能障碍各1例,尿路感染合并认知功能障碍1例),均经保守治疗后好转;无围手术期死亡病例。单纯减压组JOA评分由术前的10.8±2.3分改善至末次随访时的19.0±4.8分,融合内固定组JOA评分由术前的11.8±2.2分改善至末次随访时的21.8±3.4分,两组患者末次随访时与术前比较均有统计学差异(P0.05)。两组患者末次随访时的腰痛和腿痛VAS评分(单纯减压组3.2±1.7分和3.5±2.1分,融合内固定组3.0±1.2分和2.9±1.2分)与术前(单纯减压组7.4±0.9分和7.8±1.0分,融合内固定组7.4±1.7分和7.7±1.1分)比较均有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论 :对于高龄退行性腰椎管狭窄症患者,术前充分评估患者全身状况,积极处理合并疾病后,根据临床症状、体征及影像学资料,确定责任节段及致病因素,合理选择手术方式,可获得满意的疗效。     

经皮选择性肝脏隔离灌注化疗肝细胞形态及凋亡研究

目的探讨经皮选择性肝脏隔离灌注化疗（PSIHP）的可行性及隔离效果。方法实验猪8头，利用介入放射学方法进行经皮选择性肝脏隔离灌注化疗结合血液灌流。化疗药物选用5-Fu。比较灌注及未灌注区域肝细胞形态和凋亡指数。结果灌注区域肝细胞损伤明显，肝细胞凋亡指数（52．83±5．12）明显高于未灌注区域肝细胞凋亡指数（3．52±0．96）（P〈0．01）。结论PSIHP是一种简单有效的肝脏隔离灌注化疗技术，隔离效果佳，对未灌注区域肝组织有良好的保护作用。     

Rip hump correction and rotation of the lumbar spine after selective thoracic fusion

In this study a series of 32 patients with idiopathic scoliosis, managed with selective thoracic fusion, was reviewed. Classified according to King and instrumented with the H-frame, the patients were evaluated for curve correction, rib hump correction and postoperative shift in lumbar rotation. Age and follow-up averaged 19.4 and 2.4 years, respectively. The 32 patients had an average primary and lumbar curve correction of, respectively, 66% (6.0% correction loss) and 53% (3.4% correction loss). The respective values for postoperative rib hump correction and shift in apical lumbar rotation averaged 8° and 9.4° in type II King curves, 4.4° and 3.5° in type III and 11° and-5° in Type IV. Significant differences were noted between the curve types in rib hump correction and shift in lumbar rotation. The study showed that en bloc postoperative rotation of the compensatory lumbar segment, directed towards the rib hump, positively influences rib hump correction. This en bloc rotation of the unfused lumbar segments is induced by the correcting forces applied by the instrumentation. The unfused lumbar spine of a patient with a King type II curve shows a larger lumbar rotation shift and subsequent rib hump correction than that of a patient with a King type III curve. Together with factors such as lateral angulation, rib-vertebra angles and structural limitations, the rotational dynamics of the unfused lumbar spine seem to form an important component in the understanding and surgical management of scoliosis.     

选择性消化道去污联合谷氨酰胺预防兔背驮式肝移植肠道细菌易位

目的观察选择性消化道去污(SDD)联合谷氨酰胺(Gln)对兔原位背驮式肝移植肠道细菌易位及术后肺部感染的预防作用。方法建立兔原位背驮式肝移植模型30例,受体兔被随机均分为SDD组、SDD Gln组及对照组。SDD组给予含妥布霉素、多黏菌素E及制霉菌素的乳剂处理;SDD Gln组在SDD的基础上加以Gln;对照组仅建立移植模型。各组分时段抽取门静脉血,获取回肠组织标本及术后肺组织标本,观察回肠组织病理变化、门静脉血细菌易位及术后肺部感染情况。结果门静脉阻断15、30、45min及术后30h SDD Gln组回肠壁毛细血管混合切面面积均小于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)和SDD组(P<0.05)。门静脉阻断前SDD Gln组回肠绒毛长度较对照组(P<0.05)和SDD组(P<0.05)长,在门静脉阻断45min时段对照组超过SDD Gln组(P<0.05)和SDD组(P<0.05),术后又回返至术前状态(P<0.05,P<0.01)。门静脉阻断45min和术后30h时段SDD Gln组及SDD组门静脉血细菌培养阳性者少于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。SDD Gln组及SDD组术后肺部感染者也少于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论Gln对肠黏膜上皮细胞具有较强的营养作用,与SDD联用可以有效地降低门静脉阻断期间及术后肠道细菌易位及术后肺部感染的发生。     

Anatomic Liver Resection of Segments 6, 7, and 8 by the Method of Selective Occlusion of Hepatic Inflow

Anatomic liver resection not only enables enough tumor-free resection margin but also guarantees maximum preservation of remaining normal liver tissue. We report herein a hepatocellular carcinoma patient who underwent successful anatomic liver resection of segments 6, 7, and 8 by the method of selective occlusion of hepatic inflow. Multiple tumors were found in segments 6, 7, and 8 by computed tomographic (CT) scanning. CT volumetry analyzed that his left hemi-liver volume was less than the minimal limit of safe survival. Therefore, we planned to perform segment 5 remaining, anatomic liver resection of segments 6, 7, and 8 to guarantee the maximum preservation of remaining normal liver tissue. Selective occlusion of hepatic inflow was creatively used twice in this case to divide right hemi-liver Glissonean pedicle and segments 6 and 7 Glissonean pedicle, respectively. Thus, the resection line was determined, and anatomic liver resection of segments 6, 7, and 8 was completed. Selective right hemi-liver Glissonean pedicle occlusion was used, while parenchymal transection was between segments 6 and 5 and between segments 8 and 5. Therefore, liver ischemia reperfusion injury and homodynamic instability were maximally reduced during operation.