近10年药房管理专题文献的计量学研究

目的:探讨我国药房管理领域的研究现状和发展趋势,供药事管理专业人员参考。方法:运用文献计量学中的方法对近10年药房管理相关文献进行统计和分析,应用布拉德福定律寻找刊载药房管理文献的核心期刊,并对文献后标有的参考文献进行引文分析。结果:近10年内药房管理类文献增长率达80.75%,共有262种科技期刊刊载过此类文献,其中载文量最多的为《中国药房》;《中国药房》、《中国药业》、《军队医药》、《药学实践杂志》等期刊为刊载药房管理文献的核心期刊;在文献刊载内容方面,有关"社会药房(店)"、"药学服务"及"医院门诊药房管理"方面的内容呈增长趋势。结论:随着我国药房数量和规模的迅速扩张,越来越多的专业人员在药房管理领域展开了研究与探索,为我国药房管理出谋划策。     

Identification of an Internalising Peptide in Differentiated Calu-3 Cells by Phage Display Technology; Application to Gene Delivery to the Airways

Differentiated, human submucosal-gland carcinoma, Calu-3 cell monolayers were used as in vitro model for the airway epithelium. Internalised phage were selected from a recombinant pComb8 phage library by repetitive cycles of bio-panning on Calu-3 monolayers, protease K degradation, cell-lysis and amplification. After four selection rounds, sequence analysis of 15 enriched phage colonies revealed two clones of 73 and 27% abundancy, named IB1 and IB2, respectively. The IB2 sequence was eliminated due to a frame shift. IB1-phage internalisation at 4°C was significantly lower (P<0.05)than at 37°C, suggesting involvement of a receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway. The IB1 peptide was synthesised, biotinylated and complexed to streptavidin. IB1/streptavidin-complexes co-administrated with PEI/DNA-polyplexes, enhanced polyplex transfection efficiency, dose dependently, by 6- and 4-fold in Calu-3 cells. IB1/Alexa488-streptavidin complexes were used for confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM) visualisation and showed basolateral localisation in membrane associated and internalising vesicles. This study demonstrates the potential of phage display technology for identification of internalising peptide–epitopes that can enhance gene delivery efficiency in differentiated airway epithelial cells.     

背向散射积分技术在评价伴靶器官损害高血压患者心肌纤维化中的应用

目的研究背向散射积分(IBS)作为高血压患者心肌纤维化早期指标的可行性。方法根据2007年欧洲高血压学会(ESH)/欧洲心脏学会(ESC)指南中亚临床靶器官损害标准将原发性高血压患者分成两组:非靶器官损害组(1组,42例),靶器官损害组(2组,51例),健康对照组36例。用IBS技术测量对照组、1组和2组室间隔心肌、左心室后壁心肌、左心房后壁心肌及心腔的IBS指标,计算并比较各组标化背向散射积分(IBS%)值是否存在差异。结果各部位的IBS值在对照组、1组、2组呈逐渐增高趋势,2组最高。其中左心房后壁IBS%值2组[(181±48)dB]与1组[(164±27)dB]、对照组[(164±27)dB]比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),左心室后壁IBS%值2组[(190±43)dB]与1组[(169±36)dB]、对照组[(166±28)dB]间差异有统计学意义(分别为P<0.05,P<0.01),室间隔左心室侧1/2处心肌IBS%值在2组和对照组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论超声IBS技术可以评价伴有靶器官损害的高血压患者左心室心肌纤维化程度,但尚不能作为高血压患者心肌纤维化的早期指标。     

Bragg diffraction scanner for ultrasonic tissue characterisation in vivo

An ultrasonic scanner, which exploits the concept of Bragg diffraction of ultrasound for tissue characterisation, has been constructed for in vivo operation. A Grey-Scale B-scan is produced, and the ultrasonic transducer can be mechanically constrained to point at one specific volume of tissue, first identified on the B-scan, throughout an angular movement of 50°. Compensation for variations in the attenuation and time delay of echoes from the interrogated volume due to the changing ultrasonic path length is performed electronically. Qualitative results have been obtained in vivo from human calf muscle, liver parenchyma, and a metastatic deposit in liver, and are similar in many respects to results from in vitro measurements. The ultrasonic exposure is identical to that normally delivered in conventional ultrasonic examinations.     

Conformational identity of human fibrinogen and monomeric fibrin

Human monomeric fibrin kept in solution in acidic buffer after thrombin or Reptilase proteolysis was compared to fibrinogen in physiological and acidic buffer by means of dynamic light scattering. The translational and rotational diffusion coefficients of the two monomeric solutions did not significantly deviate from those of fibrinogen in physiological or acidic buffer. It is therefore concluded that no major conformational modification occurs upon release of the fibrinopeptides.     

Light delivery and light dosimetry for photodynamic therapy

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted attention because it was considered to be a selective form of cancer treatment causing minimal damage to normal tissues. This is not exactly true, because the ratio between the photosensitizer concentrations in tumour and surrounding normal tissues is not always much more than one. Nevertheless, tumour destruction by PDT with relatively little damage to normal tissue is possible in many cases. This requires sophisticated light delivery and/or light dosimetry techniques. In this respect the limited penetration of light into biological tissues can sometimes be useful. In this paper a qualitative and sometimes quantitative discussion is given of the physical phenomena determining the energy fluence in a biological tissue. Most important is light scattering, the contribution of which depends on the geometrical conditions. Finite beam surface irradiation, irradiation of hollow organs (bladder) and interstitial irradiation are discussed separately. The emphasis is on light dose and light dose distribution. It is emphasized that PDT dosimetry in general is complicated by photosensitizer distribution (which is usually not known), by photobleaching of the sensitizer, by possible effects of hyperthermia, and by changes in optical properties during and as a result of PDT.     

钍试剂作探针的共振散射法测定卡那霉素的研究

目的建立测定卡那霉素含量的共振散射新方法。方法在pH为3．29的广泛缓冲溶液中，卡那霉素溶液与钍试剂混合形成的离子缔合物，导致体系的RS强度增强，在最强散射波长处测定体系的RS强度。结果在波长为551nm处，卡那霉素浓度在0．10～2．64μg／mL范围内与体系的RS强度有良好的线性关系，其检出限（3σ）为6．88ng／mL，样品的平均回收率为99.3％。结论该方法操作简便，灵敏度高，可以用于药物制剂中卡那霉素的含量测定。     

医用电子直线加速器治疗室的中子防护屏蔽设计

目的 研究治疗室内中子来源和中子散射的实质,分析计算加速器机房治疗室及迷路内中子剂量的变化规律,进行屏蔽设计。方法 本文基于对一台运行中的15MeV加速器治疗平面上关注点的中子通量测量结果,参考NCRP 79号报告,进行屏蔽防护设计和计算。结果 医用加速器产生X射线达到一定能量时,光核反应中子是医用加速器机房中子污染的主要来源。在加速器治疗室出入口处,主要的辐射防护是通过散射进入迷路内侧入口的杂散中子及其俘获γ辐射。结论 中子污染与治疗作用无关,但却给相关人员增加了额外剂量负担,一定条件下,也可能产生中子照射危害。所以,应重视医用加速器产生的中子外照射危害,对医用加速器治疗室内中子污染需进行防护设计和评价。     

Effect of Microbubble Size on Fundamental Mode High Frequency Ultrasound Imaging in Mice

High-frequency ultrasound imaging using microbubble (MB) contrast agents is becoming increasingly popular in pre-clinical and small animal studies of anatomy, flow and vascular expression of molecular epitopes. Currently, in vivo imaging studies rely on highly polydisperse microbubble suspensions, which may provide a complex and varied acoustic response. To study the effect of individual microbubble size populations, microbubbles of 1–2 μm, 4–5 μm and 6–8 μm diameter were isolated using the technique of differential centrifugation. Size-selected microbubbles were imaged in the mouse kidney over a range of concentrations using a Visualsonics Vevo 770 ultrasound imaging system (Visualsonics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada) with a 40-MHz probe in fundamental mode. Results demonstrate that contrast enhancement and circulation persistence are strongly dependent on microbubble size and concentration. Large microbubbles (4–5 and 6–8 μm) strongly enhanced the ultrasound image with positive contrast, while 1–2 μm microbubbles showed little enhancement. For example, the total integrated contrast enhancement, measured by the area under the time-intensity curve (AUC), increased 16-fold for 6–8 μm diameter microbubbles at 5 × 10⁷ MB/bolus compared with 4–5 μm microbubbles at the same concentration. Interestingly, 1–2 μm diameter microbubbles, at any concentration, did not measurably enhance the integrated ultrasound signal at tissue depth, but did noticeably attenuate the signal, indicating that they had a low scattering-to-attenuation ratio. When concentration matched, larger microbubbles were more persistent in circulation. However, when volume matched, all microbubble sizes had a similar circulation half-life. These results indicated that dissolution of the gas core plays a larger role in contrast elimination than filtering by the lungs and spleen. The results of this study show that microbubbles can be tailored for optimal contrast enhancement in fundamental mode imaging. (E-mail: mb2910@columbia.edu)