Two-stage vertical flow multi-soil-layering (MSL) technology for efficient removal of coliforms and human pathogens from domestic wastewater in rural areas under arid climate

This paper investigates the removal efficiency of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, coliforms and pathogens from rural domestic wastewater in a two-stage vertical flow multi-soil-layering (MSL) system. The effects of wastewater quality, season and arid climate conditions on pollutants removal efficiency by the system were examined for one year. The experimental setup included two similar MSL systems composed of two layers: soil-mixture-layers (SML) and gravel permeable layers (PL) that are arranged in a brick like pattern. The applied hydraulic loading rate was 1000 L m^?2 day^?1. Results showed that most of the physicochemical contaminants elimination occurred while the wastewater percolated through the first MSL stage. The second stage demonstrated an improvement in the reduction of all pollutants, especially fecal bacteria indicators and pathogens. The mean overall removal rates performed by the two-stage MSL system were 97% for TSS, 96% for BOD₅, 91% for COD, 96% for TN and 95% for TP. For bacterial indicators, the combination of two-stage MSL system achieved high log removals between 2.21 and 3.15 log units. Contaminants reduction processes in MSL technology are more dependent on internal than external environmental factors. The effectiveness of the two-stage MSL system to treat domestic wastewater was strongly influenced by wastewater quality. Significant relationships between influent contaminants level and their removal efficiency were found. The efficiency of MSL technology to reduce contaminants is not sensitive to season and air temperature fluctuations. This is due to the capacity of MSL system materials to withstand the air temperature variation, which highlights one of the advantages of MSL’s technology. Wastewater quality is the most important factor affecting the removal of contaminants in the MSL, which could be a critical parameter to considered when designing MSL system. Two-stage MSL system achieved a high treated wastewater quality amenable for treated wastewater reuse in agriculture recommended by Moroccan code of practice. Therefore, the combination of two-stage vertical flow MSL system could be considered an efficient and promising domestic wastewater treatment solution in arid countries to promote environmental protection and wastewater reuse.     

关节镜下AR缝合枪缝合外侧半月板撕裂的临床疗效观察

目的探讨分析外侧半月板体部层裂或纵向撕裂在关节镜下使用AR缝合枪全内垂直褥式缝合的临床疗效。方法本研究回顾性分析2017年1月至2017年12月,我科收治膝关节单纯外侧半月板体部撕裂(层裂或纵向撕裂)36例患者的临床资料,男13例,女23例;年龄16-41岁,平均(26.50±2.50)岁。36例患者中盘状半月板损伤7例。术中将撕裂外侧半月板修切白区内缘,保留红白区交界,体部层裂或纵裂新鲜化处理后行AR缝合枪全内垂直褥式缝合。术后根据Barrett标准门诊随访判断半月板的体部缝合临床愈合情况,采用重复测量方差分析比较不同时间视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、膝关节主观功能评分(IKDC 2000评分)、膝关节功能评分(Lysholm评分)的差异来评估手术缝合疗效。术后12个月行膝关节MRI检查观察缝合部位恢复情况。结果本组36例患者均获随访,随访时间12-18个月,平均(15.0±2.3)个月。术后未出现感染、神经血管损伤、二次手术等并发症。根据Barrett标准评价,本组患者均获得半月板临床愈合。术后3个月、6个月、12个月的VAS评分为(1.10±0.12)分、(1.00±0.21)分、(0.90±0.32)分低于术前的(5.20±1.80)分,IKDC2000评分为(82.34±3.15)分、(85.34±5.17)分、(87.34±4.18)分高于术前的(40.51±5.54)分,Lysholm评分为(87.38±6.18)分、(88.52±4.19)分、(90.34±4.22)分高于术前的(42.11±6.82)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后12个月复查MRI结果,34例(94.44%)甲级愈合,1例(2.78%)乙级愈合,1例(2.78%)未愈合。结论关节镜下采用AR缝合枪行全内垂直褥式缝合膝关节外侧半月板体部撕裂(层裂或纵裂),能有效缓解疼痛、提高患肢功能活动、促进半月板愈合,同时具有操作简单、并发症少等优势,经中短期临床随访其临床疗效显著,远期疗效需进一步随访追踪。     

智能垂直仓储管理系统在手术无菌包转运中的应用

目的 探讨智能垂直仓储管理系统应用于无菌包从消毒供应中心转运至手术中心的效果。方法 将2018年10月152例首台手术用无菌包作为对照组,由工勤人员采用传统密闭车转运无菌包至手术中心;2018年11月174例首台手术无菌包作为观察组,通过智能垂直仓储管理系统转运无菌包。比较两组无菌包转运和取用时间和无菌包不良事件发生率。结果 观察组无菌包转运和取用时间显著短于对照组,无菌包在转运和取用过程中漏取包发生率显著低于对照组（均P<0.01）。结论 智能垂直仓储管理系统在无菌包的效期管理、定位查找以及出入库把控方面有着明显优势,可提升手术无菌包的质量管理,优化工作流程,满足手术需求。     

右腋下垂直切口在先天性心内畸形合并动脉导管未闭外科矫治中的应用

目的探讨通过右腋下垂直切口矫治合并动脉导管未闭(PDA)的先天性心内畸形的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析2014年8月至2019年8月通过右腋下垂直切口同时行先天性心脏病心内畸形矫治和PDA结扎术34例患者的临床资料,年龄0.5~6.1岁,男25例、女9例。结果手术切口长度3.0(3.0,3.5)cm,手术时间110.0(90.0,121.0)min,体外循环时间45.5(38.8,63.5)min,主动脉阻断时间22.5(14.8,34.8)min,出血量20.0(13.8,20.0)mL,住ICU时间17.0(5.5,22.3)h,术后机械通气时间为4.0(2.0,6.0)h,住院总费用为4.6(3.9,5.1)万元。围手术期和随访期间均无死亡和二次手术。中位随访时间636.0 d。随访期间有1例患者存在残余分流,未发现新发的脊柱侧弯、漏斗胸或鸡胸等胸廓发育异常。女性患者在随访期间无双侧乳腺发育不对称。所有患者的父母或监护人均对右腋下垂直美容切口满意。结论通过右腋下垂直切口同时进行先天性心内畸形矫治及PDA结扎术是一种安全有效的方法,具有良好的临床和美容学结果。     

先天性单眼上斜肌麻痹不同手术方式疗效观察

目的:探讨不同手术方式治疗先天性单眼上斜肌麻痹的疗效以及术后双眼视觉功能的恢复重建情况。方法:回顾性病例研究。选择2016-05/2019-05郑州市第二人民医院斜视与小儿眼科收治的82例先天性上斜肌麻痹患儿作为研究对象,根据患者第一眼位垂直斜视度、患眼下斜肌功能亢进程度、单眼及双眼运动情况等术前检查结果,设计相应的手术方式。包括下斜肌断腱术(3例)、下斜肌部分切除术(63例)、下斜肌徙后术(6例)、健眼下直肌徒后术(4例)、下斜肌减弱+对侧/同侧直肌术(5例)、上斜肌折叠术(1例)。结果:和手术前比较,手术后同时知觉、融合功能、远立体视、近立体视、矫正视力、代偿头位均得到明显改善(P<0.05);有无代偿头位患儿手术后立体视无差异(P>0.05)。结论:根据先天性单眼上斜肌麻痹病情严重程度选择不同的手术方式,在改善患儿视力、代偿头位方面具有积极意义,有助于重建双眼视觉功能。     

Electrically Parallel Three-Element 980 nm VCSEL Arrays with Ternary and Binary Bottom DBR Mirror Layers

To meet the performance goals of fifth generation (5G) and future sixth generation (6G) optical wireless communication (OWC) and sensing systems, we seek to develop low-cost, reliable, compact lasers capable of sourcing 5–20 Gb/s (ideally up to 100 Gb/s by the 2030s) infrared beams across free-space line-of-sight distances of meters to kilometers. Toward this end, we develop small arrays of electrically parallel vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) for possible future use in short-distance (tens of meters) free-space optical communication and sensing applications in, for example, homes, data centers, manufacturing spaces, and backhaul (pole-to-pole or pole-to-building) optical links. As a starting point, we design, grow by metal–organic vapor phase epitaxy, fabricate, test, and analyze 980 nm top-emitting triple VCSEL arrays. Via on-wafer high-frequency probe testing, our arrays exhibit record bandwidths of 20–25 GHz, optical output powers of 20–50 mW, and error-free data transmission at up to 40 Gb/s—all extremely well suited for the intended 5G short-reach OWC and sensing applications. We employ novel p-metal and top mesa inter-VCSEL connectors to form electrically parallel but optically uncoupled (to reduce speckle) arrays with performance exceeding that of single VCSELs with equal total emitting areas.     

Physico-Chemical Investigation of Endodontic Sealers Exposed to Simulated Intracanal Heat Application: Hydraulic Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers

The aim of this study was to gain information about the effect of thermal treatment of calcium silicate-based sealers. BioRoot RCS (BR), Total Fill BC Sealer (TFBC), and Total Fill BC Sealer HiFlow (TFHF) were exposed to thermal treatment at 37 °C, 47 °C, 57 °C, 67 °C, 77 °C, 87 °C and 97 °C for 30 s. Heat treatment at 97 °C was performed for 60 and 180 s to simulate inappropriate application of warm obturation techniques. Thereafter, specimens were cooled to 37 °C and physical properties (setting time/flow/film thickness according to ISO 6876) were evaluated. Chemical properties (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) were assessed after incubation of the specimens in an incubator at 37 °C and 100% humidity for 8 weeks. Statistical analysis of physical properties was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis-Test (P = 0.05). The setting time, flow, and film thickness of TFBC and TFHF were not relevantly influenced by thermal treatment. Setting time of BR decreased slightly when temperature of heat application increased from 37 °C to 77 °C (P < 0.05). Further heat treatment of BR above 77 °C led to an immediate setting. FT-IR spectroscopy did not reveal any chemical changes for either sealers. Thermal treatment did not lead to any substantial chemical changes at all temperature levels, while physical properties of BR were compromised by heating. TFBC and TFHF can be considered suitable for warm obturation techniques.